EXPDP/IMPDP与EXP/IMP在不同用户和表空间之间迁移数据的实现方法

1. EXPDP/IMPDP方式





SQL> create user zlm identified by zlm;





User created.





SQL> grant connect,resource to zlm;





Grant succeeded.





SQL> create tablespace ts_zlm datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/zlm01.dbf' size 100M reuse;





Tablespace created.





SQL> alter user zlm default tablespace ts_zlm;





User altered.





SQL> select username,default_tablespace from dba_users where username='ZLM';





USERNAME                       DEFAULT_TABLESPACE

------------------------------ ------------------------------

ZLM                            TS_ZLM





SQL> col name for a50

SQL> select name,bytes/1024/1024 from v$datafile where name like '%users01.dbf';





NAME                                               BYTES/1024/1024

-------------------------------------------------- ---------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbf                      





SQL> set lin 120 pages 120

SQL> col username for a8

SQL> col name for a45

SQL> select a.username,a.default_tablespace,b.name from dba_users a,v$datafile b,v$tablespace c where a.default_tablespace=c.name and b.ts#=c.ts# and a.username='SCOTT'; 





USERNAME DEFAULT_TABLESPACE             NAME

-------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------

SCOTT    USERS                          /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbf





SQL> alter database datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbf' resize 100M;





Database altered.





SQL> select name,bytes/1024/1024 from v$datafile where name like '%users01.dbf';





NAME                                          BYTES/1024/1024

--------------------------------------------- ---------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbf                









SQL> select owner,directory_name from dba_directories;









OWNER                          DIRECTORY_NAME

------------------------------ ------------------------------

SYS                            DATA_PUMP_DIR

SYS                            SUBDIR

SYS                            XMLDIR

SYS                            MEDIA_DIR

SYS                            LOG_FILE_DIR

SYS                            DATA_FILE_DIR

SYS                            WORK_DIR

SYS                            ADMIN_DIR





SQL> create directory zlm_pump as '/u01/expdp';





Directory created.





SQL> !mkdir /u01/expdp





SQL> alter user scott identified by tiger account unlock;





User altered.





SQL> grant connect,resource to scott;





Grant succeeded.





SQL> grant read,write on directory zlm_pump to scott;





Grant succeeded.





SQL> conn scott/tiger

Connected.

SQL> create table zlm1 as select * from dba_objects;





Table created.





SQL> insert into zlm1 select * from dba_objects;





50318 rows created.





SQL> /





50318 rows created.





SQL> select count(*) from zlm1;





  COUNT(*)

----------

   





SQL> select table_name from user_tables where tablespace_name='USERS';





TABLE_NAME

------------------------------

ZLM1

SALGRADE

BONUS

EMP

DEPT





[oracle@ora10g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger parallel=2 directory=zlm_pump dumpfile=scott01.dmp,scott02.dmp tablespaces=users





Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sunday, 31 August, 2014 14:35:29





Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.





Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLESPACE_01":  scott/******** parallel=2 directory=zlm_pump dumpfile=scott01.dmp,scott02.dmp tablespaces=users 

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...--能够通过estimate=block(默认值)指定。另一个是statistic

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 17.18 MB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

. . exported "SCOTT"."ZLM1"                              14.06 MB  150954 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT"                              5.656 KB       4 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP"                               7.820 KB      14 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"                          5.585 KB       5 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS"                                 0 KB       0 rows

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLESPACE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLESPACE_01 is:

  /u01/expdp/scott01.dmp

  /u01/expdp/scott02.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLESPACE_01" successfully completed at 14:36:10





[oracle@ora10g ~]$ impdp zlm/zlm parallel=2 remap_schema=scott:zlm remap_tablespace=users:ts_zlm directory=zlm_pump dumpfile=scott01.dmp,scott02.dmp

 

Import: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sunday, 31 August, 2014 14:41:30





Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.





Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

Master table "ZLM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "ZLM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01":  zlm/******** parallel=2 remap_schema=scott:zlm remap_tablespace=users:ts_zlm directory=zlm_pump dumpfile=scott01.dmp,scott02.dmp 

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "ZLM"."DEPT"                                5.656 KB       4 rows

. . imported "ZLM"."EMP"                                 7.820 KB      14 rows

. . imported "ZLM"."SALGRADE"                            5.585 KB       5 rows

. . imported "ZLM"."BONUS"                                   0 KB       0 rows

. . imported "ZLM"."ZLM1"                                14.06 MB  150954 rows

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Job "ZLM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at 14:41:43

[oracle@ora10g ~]$ sqlplus /nolog





SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Aug 31 14:43:12 2014





Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.





SQL> conn zlm/zlm

Connected.

SQL> select table_name from user_tables where tablespace_name='TS_ZLM';





TABLE_NAME

------------------------------

ZLM1

SALGRADE

BONUS

EMP

DEPT





SQL> select object_name from user_objects;





OBJECT_NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DEPT

EMP

BONUS

SALGRADE

ZLM1

PK_DEPT

PK_EMP





SCHEMA SCOTT的表空间USERS中的所有对象已经被导入到SCHEMA ZLM的表空间，包含表和索引





2. EXP/IMP方式





SQL> conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SQL> drop user zlm cascade;





User dropped.





SQL> create user zlm identified by zlm;





User created.





SQL> grant connect,resource to zlm;





Grant succeeded.





SQL> alter user zlm default tablespace ts_zlm;





User altered.





SQL> conn zlm/zlm

Connected.

SQL> select * from cat;





no rows selected





SQL> !

[oracle@ora10g ~]$ exp scott/tiger owner=scott file=/u01/scott01.dmp                                                       





Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Aug 31 15:42:00 2014





Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.









Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

Export done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

. exporting pre-schema procedural objects and actions

. exporting foreign function library names for user SCOTT 

. exporting PUBLIC type synonyms

. exporting private type synonyms

. exporting object type definitions for user SCOTT 

About to export SCOTT's objects ...

. exporting database links

. exporting sequence numbers

. exporting cluster definitions

. about to export SCOTT's tables via Conventional Path ...

. . exporting table                          BONUS          0 rows exported

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

. . exporting table                           DEPT          4 rows exported

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

. . exporting table                            EMP         14 rows exported

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

. . exporting table                       SALGRADE          5 rows exported

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

. . exporting table                           ZLM1     150954 rows exported

. exporting synonyms

. exporting views

. exporting stored procedures

. exporting operators

. exporting referential integrity constraints

. exporting triggers

. exporting indextypes

. exporting bitmap, functional and extensible indexes

. exporting posttables actions

. exporting materialized views

. exporting snapshot logs

. exporting job queues

. exporting refresh groups and children

. exporting dimensions

. exporting post-schema procedural objects and actions

. exporting statistics

Export terminated successfully with warnings.

[oracle@ora10g ~]$ imp zlm/zlm fromuser=scott touser=zlm file=/u01/exp/scott01.dmp





Import: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Aug 31 15:43:01 2014





Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.









Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options





IMP-00002: failed to open /u01/exp/scott01.dmp for read   --路径指定错了

Import file: expdat.dmp > /u01/scott01.dmp





Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path





Warning: the objects were exported by SCOTT, not by you





import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

. . importing table                        "BONUS"          0 rows imported

. . importing table                         "DEPT"          4 rows imported

. . importing table                          "EMP"         14 rows imported

. . importing table                     "SALGRADE"          5 rows imported

. . importing table                         "ZLM1"     150954 rows imported

About to enable constraints...

Import terminated successfully with warnings.

[oracle@ora10g ~]$ exit

SQL> col object_name for a15

SQL> select object_name,object_type from user_objects;





OBJECT_NAME     OBJECT_TYPE

--------------- -------------------

BONUS           TABLE

DEPT            TABLE

PK_DEPT         INDEX

EMP             TABLE

PK_EMP          INDEX

SALGRADE        TABLE

ZLM1            TABLE





SQL> select table_name,tablespace_name from user_tables;





TABLE_NAME                     TABLESPACE_NAME

------------------------------ ------------------------------

BONUS                          USERS

DEPT                           USERS

EMP                            USERS

SALGRADE                       USERS

ZLM1                           USERS



注意。用imp导入后的对象，都是存放在exp导出时的表空间的，假设要迁移到别的表空间，就要使用alter table move tablespace来实现，先通过以下的SQL拼接语句来获得批量move的语句：

SQL> select 'alter table '||table_name||' MOVE TABLESPACE ts_zlm;' from user_tables; 





'ALTERTABLE'||TABLE_NAME||'MOVETABLESPACETS_ZLM;'

------------------------------------------------------------------

alter table BONUS MOVE TABLESPACE ts_zlm;

alter table DEPT MOVE TABLESPACE ts_zlm;

alter table EMP MOVE TABLESPACE ts_zlm;

alter table SALGRADE MOVE TABLESPACE ts_zlm;

alter table ZLM1 MOVE TABLESPACE ts_zlm;





SQL> select 'ALTER INDEX ' ||index_name || ' REBUILD TABLESPACE ts_zlm;' from user_indexes;





'ALTERINDEX'||INDEX_NAME||'REBUILDTABLESPACETS_ZLM;'

---------------------------------------------------------------------

ALTER INDEX PK_EMP REBUILD TABLESPACE ts_zlm;

ALTER INDEX PK_DEPT REBUILD TABLESPACE ts_zlm;





SQL> select table_name,tablespace_name from user_tables;





TABLE_NAME                     TABLESPACE_NAME

------------------------------ ------------------------------

SALGRADE                       TS_ZLM

EMP                            TS_ZLM

ZLM1                           TS_ZLM

DEPT                           TS_ZLM

BONUS                          TS_ZLM





SQL> select index_name,tablespace_name from user_indexes;





INDEX_NAME                     TABLESPACE_NAME

------------------------------ ------------------------------

PK_EMP                         TS_ZLM

PK_DEPT                        TS_ZLM

能够看到，zlm用户imp导入的数据库对象已经所有迁移到TS_ZLM表空间去了

总结：

EXPDP/IPMDP仅仅能在server上执行，其执行效率全然取决于磁盘I/O，而EXP/IMP不仅能够执行在server上。也能够执行在client上。所以除了磁盘I/O的制约因素，还有网络方面的因素。

EXPDP/IMPDP比EXP/IMP性能有非常大的提高，当中影响最大的就是paralle。通常设置为CPU的个数。通过该參数能够并行导出，大大提高导出速度。而EXP/IMP是没有这个功能的，最多也就仅仅有一个DIRECT=Y,使导出不用经过SELECT到SGA的BUFFER中。提高的速度是有限的，注意他们之间的语法也有不小的差别，參数不可互相替代。

EXPDP/IMPDP能够通过remap_schema和remap_tablespace直接实现不同用户和表空间之间的数据迁移;而EXP/IMP则略微麻烦一点，须要ALTER TABLE xxx MOVE TABLESPACE xxx/ALTER INDEX xxx REBUILD TABLESPACE xxx方式来实现。move相当于把表再重建一次，能够改动storage參数(如initial、pctfree、pctincrease等)。还能够move到另外的表空间，假设不指定表空间。则在原来的表空间中move，因此做move操作时，目标表空间须要保证有这个表相同大小的剩余空间，整个操作相当于exp/imp(从表空间A导出到表空间B)。move完表后要重建索引。

基于以上几种原因。如今做数据逻辑迁移都是用EXPDP/IMPDP而非常少再使用EXP/IMP了。