11g r2 模拟OCR和voting disk不可用，完整恢复过程，以及一些注意事项

环境：RHEL5.8 RAC 11.2.0.3.0

1：查看ORC和voting disk信息：

In 11g Release 2 your voting disk data is automatically backed up in the OCR whenever there is a configuration change.
所以恢复时恢复备份OCR即可，这里和10g是不同的，不需要备份voting disk，备份OCR即可

2：使用cluvfy 工具检查OCR完整性
[grid@rac1 ~]$ cluvfy comp ocr -n all
Verifying OCR integrity 
Checking OCR integrity...

Checking the absence of a non-clustered configuration...
All nodes free of non-clustered, local-only configurations
ASM Running check passed. ASM is running on all specified nodes
Checking OCR config file "/etc/oracle/ocr.loc"...
OCR config file "/etc/oracle/ocr.loc" check successful
Disk group for ocr location "+CRSDATA" available on all the nodes

NOTE: 
This check does not verify the integrity of the OCR contents. Execute 'ocrcheck' as a privileged user to verify the contents of OCR.
OCR integrity check passed
Verification of OCR integrity was successful.

3：使用ocrcheck检测OCR内容的完整性
[grid@rac1 ~]$ ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version                  :          3
Total space (kbytes)     :     262120
Used space (kbytes)      :       3016
Available space (kbytes) :     259104
ID                       : 1236405787
Device/File Name         :   +CRSDATA
                                    Device/File integrity check succeeded
                                    Device/File not configured
                                    Device/File not configured
                                    Device/File not configured
                                    Device/File not configured

Cluster registry integrity check succeeded

Logical corruption check bypassed due to non-privileged user    --如果使用root用户执行ocrcheck时，会显示Logical corruption check succeeded

4：检测voting disk的信息
[grid@rac1 ~]$ crsctl query css votedisk
##  STATE    File Universal Id                File Name Disk group
--  -----    -----------------                --------- ---------
 1. ONLINE   2b1bd0c122584f5abf72033b2b2d26bd (/dev/asm-b_crs) [CRSDATA]
 2. ONLINE   2bc03776cdd94f5cbfb9165c473fdb0e (/dev/asm-c_crs) [CRSDATA]
 3. ONLINE   3b43c39513a64f2dbf7083a9510ada89 (/dev/asm-d_crs) [CRSDATA]
Located 3 voting disk(s).

从上面看出，OCR和voting disk都位于+CRSDATA磁盘组 ，注意+CRSDATA磁盘组还有ASM的启动参数文件，ASM启动是根据磁盘头的kfdhdb.spfile指向ASM上的此磁盘的UA NUMBER从而读取spfile文件

5：手动备份一份OCR信息：
[root@rac1 grid]# ocrconfig -export /tmp/ocr_20130717.dmp
[root@rac1 grid]# ll /tmp/ocr_20130717.dmp -h
-rw------- 1 root root 102K Jul 17 14:45 /tmp/ocr_20130717.dmp

6：查看OCR自动备份信息
[grid@rac1 ~]$ ocrconfig -showbackup

rac1     2013/07/16 15:45:24     /u01/app/11.2.0.3/grid/cdata/ad-cluster/backup00.ocr
rac2     2013/07/16 08:13:38     /u01/app/11.2.0.3/grid/cdata/ad-cluster/backup01.ocr
rac2     2013/07/16 04:14:09     /u01/app/11.2.0.3/grid/cdata/ad-cluster/backup02.ocr
rac2     2013/07/16 00:14:38     /u01/app/11.2.0.3/grid/cdata/ad-cluster/day.ocr
rac2     2013/07/07 04:40:11     /u01/app/11.2.0.3/grid/cdata/ad-cluster/week.ocr
PROT-25: Manual backups for the Oracle Cluster Registry are not available

7：保存一份ASM参数文件，如果提前没保存，可以到$CRS_HOME/dbs/init.ora获取一份，后面此启动参数的详细内容

[grid@rac1 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysasm
 
SQL> create pfile='/tmp/asm_pfile_130717.txt' from spfile;

File created.

8：破坏保存OCR信息的磁盘组+CRSDATA
[root@rac1 dev]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/asm-b_crs bs=1024 count=1000
[root@rac1 dev]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/asm-c_crs bs=1024 count=1000

9：破坏了磁盘b和c后，都检测通过，没报错，在rac1和rac2停止crs
[root@rac1 dev]# crsctl stop crs
CRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crsd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2790: Starting shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'rac1'
.....................
CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped.

[root@rac2 dev]# crsctl stop crs
CRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crsd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2790: Starting shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'rac1'
.....................
CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped.

[root@rac1 dev]# ps -ef |grep ora_
root     16189 32265  0 16:26 pts/0    00:00:00 grep ora_
[root@rac1 dev]# ps -ef |grep asm_
root     16195 32265  0 16:26 pts/0    00:00:00 grep asm_

10:再启动CRS,报错
[root@rac1 dev]# crsctl start crs
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.

[root@rac1 ~]# tail -50f /u01/app/11.2.0.3/grid/log/rac1/alertrac1.log

[cssd(16559)]CRS-1637:Unable to locate configured voting file with ID 2b1bd0c1-22584f5a-bf72033b-2b2d26bd; details at (:CSSNM00020:) in /u01/app/11.2.0.3/grid/log/rac1/cssd/ocssd.log
2013-07-17 16:28:15.947
[cssd(16559)]CRS-1637:Unable to locate configured voting file with ID 2bc03776-cdd94f5c-bfb9165c-473fdb0e; details at (:CSSNM00020:) in /u01/app/11.2.0.3/grid/log/rac1/cssd/ocssd.log
2013-07-17 16:28:15.947
[cssd(16559)]CRS-1705:Found 1 configured voting files but 2 voting files are required, terminating to ensure data integrity; details at (:CSSNM00021:) in /u01/app/11.2.0.3/grid/log/rac1/cssd/ocssd.log
2013-07-17 16:28:15.948
[cssd(16559)]CRS-1656:The CSS daemon is terminating due to a fatal error; Details at (:CSSSC00012:) in /u01/app/11.2.0.3/grid/log/rac1/cssd/ocssd.log
2013-07-17 16:28:16.073
[cssd(16559)]CRS-1603:CSSD on node rac1 shutdown by user.

ocrcheck检测报错：
[root@rac1 dev]# ocrcheck
PROT-602: Failed to retrieve data from the cluster registry
PROC-26: Error while accessing the physical storage

11：强制关闭CRS:
[root@rac1 dev]# crsctl stop crs -f
CRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'rac1'

[root@rac1 dev]# crsctl stop crs -f
CRS-2797: Shutdown is already in progress for 'rac1', waiting for it to complete
CRS-2797: Shutdown is already in progress for 'rac1', waiting for it to complete
CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped.

12：以独占模式启动rac1
[root@rac1 dev]# crsctl start crs -excl -nocrs
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'rac1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.drivers.acfs' on 'rac1'
CRS-2679: Attempting to clean 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.ctssd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2681: Clean of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.ctssd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.drivers.acfs' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.asm' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.asm' on 'rac1' succeeded

12：创建CRSVOTEDISK磁盘组以及spfile

[grid@rac1 ~]$ asmcmd

ASMCMD> ls
空的

[grid@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysasm

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Jul 17 16:58:18 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options

SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME    TYPEVALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile    string

SQL> create diskgroup CRSVOTEDISK normal redundancy disk '/dev/asm-b_crs','/dev/asm-c_crs', '/dev/asm-d_crs'
  2  attribute 'compatible.asm'='11.2.0.0.0', 'compatible.rdbms'='11.2.0.0.0';
create diskgroup CRSVOTEDISK normal redundancy disk '/dev/asm-b_crs','/dev/asm-c_crs', '/dev/asm-d_crs'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-15018: diskgroup cannot be created
ORA-15033: disk '/dev/asm-d_crs' belongs to diskgroup "CRSDATA"    --这里报错是因为asm-d_crs没清除磁盘头信息

清除asm-d_crs磁盘头信息
[root@rac1 dev]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/asm-d_crs bs=1024 count=1000

SQL> create diskgroup CRSVOTEDISK normal redundancy disk '/dev/asm-b_crs','/dev/asm-c_crs','/dev/asm-d_crs'
  2  attribute 'compatible.asm'='11.2.0.0.0', 'compatible.rdbms'='11.2.0.0.0';

Diskgroup created.

SQL> create spfile='+CRSVOTEDISK' from pfile='/tmp/asm_pfile_130717.txt';

File created.

SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options
[grid@rac1 ~]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> ls
CRSVOTEDISK/
ASMCMD> ls CRSVOTEDISK
ad-cluster/
ASMCMD>  ls CRSVOTEDISK/ad-cluster/
ASMPARAMETERFILE/
ASMCMD>  ls CRSVOTEDISK/ad-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE
REGISTRY.253.821034567

13：Restore OCR from backup:
将原磁盘组+CRSDATA改为新建立的磁盘组 +CRSVOTEDISK
[root@rac1 dev]# vim /etc/oracle/ocr.loc

ocrconfig_loc=+CRSVOTEDISK
local_only=FALSE

[root@rac1 dev]# ocrconfig -restore /u01/app/11.2.0.3/grid/cdata/ad-cluster/backup00.ocr

可以看到增加了一个OCRFILE文件夹
ASMCMD> ls CRSVOTEDISK/ad-cluster
ASMPARAMETERFILE/
OCRFILE/
ASMCMD>  ls CRSVOTEDISK/ad-cluster/OCRFILE -l
Type     Redund  Striped  Time             Sys  Name
OCRFILE  MIRROR  COARSE   JUL 17 17:00:00  Y    REGISTRY.255.821036449
ASMCMD>  ls CRSVOTEDISK/ad-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE -l
Type              Redund  Striped  Time             Sys  Name
ASMPARAMETERFILE  MIRROR  COARSE   JUL 17 17:00:00  Y    REGISTRY.253.821034567

检测成功
[root@rac1 dev]# ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version                  :          3
Total space (kbytes)     :     262120
Used space (kbytes)      :       3016
Available space (kbytes) :     259104
ID                       : 1236405787
Device/File Name         : +CRSVOTEDISK
                                    Device/File integrity check succeeded

Device/File not configured

Device/File not configured

Device/File not configured

Device/File not configured

Cluster registry integrity check succeeded

14：Restore the Voting Disk:

[root@rac1 dev]# crsctl query css votedisk
##  STATE    File Universal Id                File Name Disk group
--  -----    -----------------                --------- ---------
 1. OFFLINE  2b1bd0c122584f5abf72033b2b2d26bd () []
 2. OFFLINE  2bc03776cdd94f5cbfb9165c473fdb0e () []
 3. ONLINE   3b43c39513a64f2dbf7083a9510ada89 (/dev/asm-d_crs) [CRSDATA]
Located 3 voting disk(s).

[root@rac1 dev]# crsctl replace votedisk +CRSVOTEDISK
CRS-4602: Failed 27 to add voting file 5818c2c531394f45bff13c5a7532c8d4.
CRS-4602: Failed 27 to add voting file 1ce0436528624faabf7d4a1dd8dc978a.
CRS-4602: Failed 27 to add voting file 09def2b244af4f42bf13679a8aa0ff73.
Failure 27 with Cluster Synchronization Services while deleting voting disk.
Failure 27 with Cluster Synchronization Services while deleting voting disk.
Failure 27 with Cluster Synchronization Services while deleting voting disk.
Failed to replace voting disk group with +CRSVOTEDISK.
CRS-4000: Command Replace failed, or completed with errors.

这里报错是一开始asm-d_crs没清除磁盘头信息导致的

======================================== 到这里恢复voting disk失败了 ，下面重新开始再次尝试恢复============
下面恢复时要注意：

crsctl start crs -excl -nocrs 启动后，马上关闭ASM,不要立刻创建create diskgroup CRSVOTEDISK磁盘组，再使用参数启动ASM

不然创建磁盘组时可能会收入如下报错：

例如：（下面的操作看看就好了，直到 ：下面开始再次恢复操作）

[grid@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL> create diskgroup CRSVOTEDISK normal redundancy disk '/dev/asm-b_crs','/dev/asm-c_crs','/dev/asm-d_crs'
  2  attribute 'compatible.asm'='11.2.0.0.0', 'compatible.rdbms'='11.2.0.0.0';
create diskgroup CRSVOTEDISK normal redundancy disk '/dev/asm-b_crs','/dev/asm-c_crs','/dev/asm-d_crs'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-15018: diskgroup cannot be created
ORA-15031: disk specification '/dev/asm-d_crs' matches no disks
ORA-15014: path '/dev/asm-d_crs' is not in the discovery set
ORA-15031: disk specification '/dev/asm-c_crs' matches no disks
ORA-15014: path '/dev/asm-c_crs' is not in the discovery set
ORA-15031: disk specification '/dev/asm-b_crs' matches no disks
ORA-15014: path '/dev/asm-b_crs' is not in the discovery set           --这里找不到设备应该也是和下面的情况是一样的，没指定扫描的路径

SQL> col PATH for a50
SQL> select group_number, disk_number, mount_status, header_status, path from v$asm_disk; 
no rows selected
说明没识别出磁盘  ，这里为什么没磁盘现在是搞明白了，因为参数里面根本没设置

SQL> show parameter asm

NAME    TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
asm_diskgroups    stringDATA  ---这里使用默认参数文件启动时是空的，正常情况也不会显示保存OCR磁盘组名的
asm_diskstring    string/dev/asm*                  ---这里使用默认参数文件启动时是空的，没指定扫描的路径
asm_power_limit     integer1
asm_preferred_read_failure_groups    string

所以为了保险起见，应该crsctl start crs -excl -nocrs 启动后，马上关闭ASM,不要立刻创建create diskgroup CRSVOTEDISK磁盘组，再使用参数启动ASM
SQL> startup pfile='/tmp/asm_pfile_130717.txt';

[grid@rac1 ~]$ cat /tmp/asm_pfile_130717.txt
+ASM1.__oracle_base='/u01/app/grid'#ORACLE_BASE set from in memory value
+ASM1.asm_diskgroups='DATA'#Manual Mount
+ASM2.asm_diskgroups='DATA'#Manual Mount
*.asm_diskstring='/dev/asm*'
*.asm_power_limit=1
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/grid'
*.instance_type='asm'
*.large_pool_size=12M
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

这里再查下v$asm_disk就可以查询到磁盘，也可以顺利的创建磁盘组了。。。。。。。。。。，就是因为没立刻关闭ASM,使用修改好的参数文件，创建磁盘组时一直提示找不到磁盘，耽误了半天时间

下面开始再次恢复操作：

关闭crs后再启动

[root@rac1 dev]# crsctl stop crs
[root@rac1 dev]# crsctl start crs -excl -nocrs
[root@rac1 dev]# crsctl query css votedisk
Located 0 voting disk(s).

关闭rac1上的ASM，再使用参数文件启动ASM，创建CRS磁盘组，创建spfile

[grid@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysasm

SQL>shutdown immediate
ASM diskgroups dismounted
ASM instance shutdown
SQL> startup pfile='/tmp/asm_pfile_130717.txt';
ASM instance started

SQL> col path for a50
SQL> set linesize 130
SQL> select group_number, disk_number, mount_status, header_status, path from v$asm_disk;

GROUP_NUMBER      DISK_NUMBER       MOUNT_S         HEADER_STATU       PATH
-------------------------------------- ------------ ---------------- ------------------------------
  0                         0                            CLOSED            MEMBER                 /dev/asm-e_data
  0                         3                            CLOSED            CANDIDATE    /dev/asm-b_crs
  0                         2                            CLOSED             CANDIDATE    /dev/asm-c_crs
  0                        1                             CLOSED              CANDIDATE    /dev/asm-d_crs

SQL> create diskgroup CRSVOTEDISK normal redundancy disk '/dev/asm-b_crs','/dev/asm-c_crs','/dev/asm-d_crs'
  2  attribute 'compatible.asm'='11.2.0.0.0', 'compatible.rdbms'='11.2.0.0.0';

Diskgroup created.

SQL> create spfile='+CRSVOTEDISK ' from pfile='/tmp/asm_pfile_130717.txt';

File created.

SQL> quit

恢复crs
[root@rac1 dev]# ocrconfig -restore /u01/app/11.2.0.3/grid/cdata/ad-cluster/backup00.ocr

恢复voting disk

[root@rac1 dev]# crsctl replace votedisk +CRSVOTEDISK

Successful addition of voting disk 1b00b0ec4e504f7fbf1f8d20fbbfaa4b.
Successful addition of voting disk 5a3b646433124fdcbf23c3c290de7fe3.
Successful addition of voting disk 5d27d80b96d74f09bf1756be6dee387f.
Successfully replaced voting disk group with +CRSVOTEDISK .
CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced

检测
[root@rac1 ~]# ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version                  :          3
Total space (kbytes)     :     262120
Used space (kbytes)      :       3016
Available space (kbytes) :     259104
ID                       : 1236405787
Device/File Name         :   +CRSVOTEDISK 
                                    Device/File integrity check succeeded

Device/File not configured

Device/File not configured

Device/File not configured

Device/File not configured

Cluster registry integrity check succeeded

Logical corruption check succeeded

[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl query css votedisk
##  STATE    File Universal Id                                File Name                        Disk group
--     -----         -----------------                               ---------                            ---------
 1. ONLINE   1b00b0ec4e504f7fbf1f8d20fbbfaa4b     (/dev/asm-b_crs)       [CRSVOTEDISK ]
 2. ONLINE   5a3b646433124fdcbf23c3c290de7fe3     (/dev/asm-c_crs)      [CRSVOTEDISK ]
 3. ONLINE   5d27d80b96d74f09bf1756be6dee387f    (/dev/asm-d_crs)     [CRSVOTEDISK ]
Located 3 voting disk(s).

停止crs以正常方式启动：
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl stop crs
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl start crs

此时，crs和voting disk已经完成恢复，但要注意修改rac2上的/etc/oracle/ocr.loc里面的ocrconfig_loc=+CRSVOTEDISK ，不然启动报错：

[/u01/app/11.2.0.3/grid/bin/oraagent.bin(19510)]CRS-5019:All OCR locations are on ASM disk groups [CRSDATA], and none of these disk groups are mounted. Details are at "(:CLSN00100:)" in "/u01/app/11.2.0.3/grid/log/rac1/agent/ohasd/oraagent_grid/oraagent_grid.log".
2013-07-18 00:10:33.678
[/u01/app/11.2.0.3/grid/bin/oraagent.bin(19510)]CRS-5019:All OCR locations are on ASM disk groups [CRSDATA], and none of these disk groups are mounted. Details are at "(:CLSN00100:)" in "/u01/app/11.2.0.3/grid/log/rac1/agent/ohasd/oraagent_grid/oraagent_grid.log".
2013-07-18 00:11:03.614

[root@rac2 ~]# crsctl start crs

[root@rac1 ~]# crs_stat -t
Name           Type           Target    State     Host        
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.CRSDATA.dg ora....up.type ONLINE    OFFLINE               
ora.DATA.dg    ora....up.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....N1.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.asm        ora.asm.type   ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.chris.db   ora....se.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.cvu        ora.cvu.type   ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.gsd        ora.gsd.type   OFFLINE   OFFLINE               
ora....network ora....rk.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.oc4j       ora.oc4j.type  ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.ons        ora.ons.type   ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....SM1.asm application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....C1.lsnr application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.rac1.gsd   application    OFFLINE   OFFLINE               
ora.rac1.ons   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.rac1.vip   ora....t1.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora....SM2.asm application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora....C2.lsnr application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.rac2.gsd   application    OFFLINE   OFFLINE               
ora.rac2.ons   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora.rac2.vip   ora....t1.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2        
ora....ry.acfs ora....fs.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1        
ora.scan1.vip  ora....ip.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1