Android BLE开发之Android手机与BLE终端通信

本文来自http://blog.csdn.net/hellogv/ ，引用必须注明出处！

近期穿戴设备发展得非常火。把相关技术也带旺了，当中一项是BLE（Bluetooth Low Energy）。BLE是蓝牙4.0的核心Profile，主打功能是高速搜索，高速连接。超低功耗保持连接和数据传输，弱点是数据传输速率低，因为BLE的低功耗特点，因此普遍用于穿戴设备。Android 4.3才開始支持BLE API，所以请各位客官把本文代码执行在蓝牙4.0和Android 4.3及其以上的系统，另外本文所用的BLE终端是一个蓝牙4.0的串口蓝牙模块。

PS：我的i9100刷了4.4系统后，居然也能跟BLE蓝牙模块通信。

BLE分为三部分Service、Characteristic、Descriptor，这三部分都由UUID作为唯一标示符。

一个蓝牙4.0的终端能够包括多个Service，一个Service能够包括多个Characteristic。一个Characteristic包括一个Value和多个Descriptor，一个Descriptor包括一个Value。一般来说，Characteristic是手机与BLE终端交换数据的关键，Characteristic有较多的跟权限相关的字段，比如PERMISSION和PROPERTY，而当中最经常使用的是PROPERTY。本文所用的BLE蓝牙模块居然没有标准的Characteristic的PERMISSION。Characteristic的PROPERTY能够通过位运算符组合来设置读写属性，比如READ|WRITE、READ|WRITE_NO_RESPONSE|NOTIFY，因此读取PROPERTY后要分解成所用的组合（本文代码已含此分解方法）。

本文代码改自Android 4.3 Sample的BluetoothLeGatt。把冗余代码去掉，获取的BLE设备信息都通过Log。另一些必要的读写蓝牙方法，应该算是简化到大家一看就能够懂了。

本文代码能够到http://download.csdn.net/detail/hellogv/7228819下载。接下来贴出本文执行的结果，首先是连接BLE设备后。枚举出设备全部Service、Characteristic、Descriptor，而且手机会往Characteristic uuid=0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb写入“send data->”字符串，BLE终端收到数据通过串口传到PC串口助手（见PC串口助手的截图）：

04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service type:PRIMARY
04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->includedServices size:0
04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service uuid:00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a00-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ
04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a01-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ
04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a02-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ|WRITE|
04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a03-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ|WRITE|
04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a04-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ
04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service type:PRIMARY
04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->includedServices size:0
04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service uuid:00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a05-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:INDICATE
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc uuid:00002902-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service type:PRIMARY
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->includedServices size:0
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service uuid:0000ffe0-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ|WRITE_NO_RESPONSE|NOTIFY|
04-21 18:28:25.490: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc uuid:00002902-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.490: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.490: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc uuid:00002901-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.490: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:26.025: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharRead BLE DEVICE read 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> 00

这里红字是由BluetoothGattCallback的onCharacteristicRead()回调而打出Log

下面Log是PC上的串口工具通过BLE模块发送过来。由BluetoothGattCallback的 onCharacteristicChanged（）打出Log
04-21 18:30:18.260: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:18.745: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:19.085: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:19.350: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:19.605: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:19.835: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:20.055: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:20.320: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:20.510: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:20.735: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:21.000: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone

接下来贴出本文核心代码：

public class DeviceScanActivity extends ListActivity {

	private final static String TAG = DeviceScanActivity.class.getSimpleName();

	private final static String UUID_KEY_DATA = "0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb";

    private LeDeviceListAdapter mLeDeviceListAdapter;

    /**搜索BLE终端*/

    private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;

    /**读写BLE终端*/

    private BluetoothLeClass mBLE;

    private boolean mScanning;

    private Handler mHandler;

    // Stops scanning after 10 seconds.

    private static final long SCAN_PERIOD = 10000;

    @Override

    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        getActionBar().setTitle(R.string.title_devices);

        mHandler = new Handler();

        // Use this check to determine whether BLE is supported on the device.  Then you can

        // selectively disable BLE-related features.

        if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {

            Toast.makeText(this, R.string.ble_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

            finish();

        }

        // Initializes a Bluetooth adapter.  For API level 18 and above, get a reference to

        // BluetoothAdapter through BluetoothManager.

        final BluetoothManager bluetoothManager =

                (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);

        mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();

        // Checks if Bluetooth is supported on the device.

        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {

            Toast.makeText(this, R.string.error_bluetooth_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

            finish();

            return;

        }

        //开启蓝牙

        mBluetoothAdapter.enable();

        mBLE = new BluetoothLeClass(this);

        if (!mBLE.initialize()) {

            Log.e(TAG, "Unable to initialize Bluetooth");

            finish();

        }

        //发现BLE终端的Service时回调

        mBLE.setOnServiceDiscoverListener(mOnServiceDiscover);

        //收到BLE终端数据交互的事件

        mBLE.setOnDataAvailableListener(mOnDataAvailable);

    }

    @Override

    protected void onResume() {

        super.onResume();

        // Initializes list view adapter.

        mLeDeviceListAdapter = new LeDeviceListAdapter(this);

        setListAdapter(mLeDeviceListAdapter);

        scanLeDevice(true);

    }

    @Override

    protected void onPause() {

        super.onPause();

        scanLeDevice(false);

        mLeDeviceListAdapter.clear();

        mBLE.disconnect();

    }

    @Override

    protected void onStop() {

        super.onStop();

        mBLE.close();

    }

    @Override

    protected void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {

        final BluetoothDevice device = mLeDeviceListAdapter.getDevice(position);

        if (device == null) return;

        if (mScanning) {

            mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);

            mScanning = false;

        }

        mBLE.connect(device.getAddress());

    }

    private void scanLeDevice(final boolean enable) {

        if (enable) {

            // Stops scanning after a pre-defined scan period.

            mHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {

                @Override

                public void run() {

                    mScanning = false;

                    mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);

                    invalidateOptionsMenu();

                }

            }, SCAN_PERIOD);

            mScanning = true;

            mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback);

        } else {

            mScanning = false;

            mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);

        }

        invalidateOptionsMenu();

    }

    /**

     * 搜索到BLE终端服务的事件

     */

    private BluetoothLeClass.OnServiceDiscoverListener mOnServiceDiscover = new OnServiceDiscoverListener(){

		@Override

		public void onServiceDiscover(BluetoothGatt gatt) {

			displayGattServices(mBLE.getSupportedGattServices());

		}

    };

    /**

     * 收到BLE终端数据交互的事件

     */

    private BluetoothLeClass.OnDataAvailableListener mOnDataAvailable = new OnDataAvailableListener(){

    	/**

    	 * BLE终端数据被读的事件

    	 */

		@Override

		public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt,

				BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {

			if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS)

				Log.e(TAG,"onCharRead "+gatt.getDevice().getName()

						+" read "

						+characteristic.getUuid().toString()

						+" -> "

						+Utils.bytesToHexString(characteristic.getValue()));

		}

	    /**

	     * 收到BLE终端写入数据回调

	     */

		@Override

		public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt,

				BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {

			Log.e(TAG,"onCharWrite "+gatt.getDevice().getName()

					+" write "

					+characteristic.getUuid().toString()

					+" -> "

					+new String(characteristic.getValue()));

		}

    };

    // Device scan callback.

    private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback =

            new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {

        @Override

        public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) {

            runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {

                @Override

                public void run() {

                    mLeDeviceListAdapter.addDevice(device);

                    mLeDeviceListAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

                }

            });

        }

    };

    private void displayGattServices(List<BluetoothGattService> gattServices) {

        if (gattServices == null) return;

        for (BluetoothGattService gattService : gattServices) {

        	//-----Service的字段信息-----//

        	int type = gattService.getType();

            Log.e(TAG,"-->service type:"+Utils.getServiceType(type));

            Log.e(TAG,"-->includedServices size:"+gattService.getIncludedServices().size());

            Log.e(TAG,"-->service uuid:"+gattService.getUuid());

            //-----Characteristics的字段信息-----//

            List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> gattCharacteristics =gattService.getCharacteristics();

            for (final BluetoothGattCharacteristic  gattCharacteristic: gattCharacteristics) {

                Log.e(TAG,"---->char uuid:"+gattCharacteristic.getUuid());

                int permission = gattCharacteristic.getPermissions();

                Log.e(TAG,"---->char permission:"+Utils.getCharPermission(permission));

                int property = gattCharacteristic.getProperties();

                Log.e(TAG,"---->char property:"+Utils.getCharPropertie(property));

                byte[] data = gattCharacteristic.getValue();

        		if (data != null && data.length > 0) {

        			Log.e(TAG,"---->char value:"+new String(data));

        		}

        		//UUID_KEY_DATA是能够跟蓝牙模块串口通信的Characteristic

        		if(gattCharacteristic.getUuid().toString().equals(UUID_KEY_DATA)){

        			//測试读取当前Characteristic数据。会触发mOnDataAvailable.onCharacteristicRead()

        			mHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {

                        @Override

                        public void run() {

                        	mBLE.readCharacteristic(gattCharacteristic);

                        }

                    }, 500);

        			//接受Characteristic被写的通知,收到蓝牙模块的数据后会触发mOnDataAvailable.onCharacteristicWrite()

        			mBLE.setCharacteristicNotification(gattCharacteristic, true);

        			//设置数据内容

        			gattCharacteristic.setValue("send data->");

        			//往蓝牙模块写入数据

        			mBLE.writeCharacteristic(gattCharacteristic);

        		}

        		//-----Descriptors的字段信息-----//

				List<BluetoothGattDescriptor> gattDescriptors = gattCharacteristic.getDescriptors();

				for (BluetoothGattDescriptor gattDescriptor : gattDescriptors) {

					Log.e(TAG, "-------->desc uuid:" + gattDescriptor.getUuid());

					int descPermission = gattDescriptor.getPermissions();

					Log.e(TAG,"-------->desc permission:"+ Utils.getDescPermission(descPermission));

					byte[] desData = gattDescriptor.getValue();

					if (desData != null && desData.length > 0) {

						Log.e(TAG, "-------->desc value:"+ new String(desData));

					}

        		 }

            }

        }//

    }

}

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