DirectX11 学习笔记3 - 创建一个立方体和轴

该方案将在进一步的程序面向对象。独立的模型类。更像是一个框架。

其中以超过遇到了一个非常有趣的问题，。获得一晚。我读了好几遍，以找到其他的列子。必须放在某些功能Render里面实时更新，而不是仅仅进入初始化InitModel里边

染多个物体的时候，缓冲区的内容是要随设备变化的。话不多说直接上代码

主程序main

#include "D3DBase.h"

#include "Axis.h"

#include "Cube.h"

class D3DProgam:public D3DBase

{

public:

	virtual void Render();      //渲染

	virtual HRESULT InitModel();//模型

	virtual void CleanupDevice();//清理

public:

	AxisModel *axisModel;

	CubeModel *cubeModel;

};

//实例化程序

D3DProgam d3d;

HRESULT D3DProgam::InitModel()

{

	//init CubeModel

	cubeModel=new CubeModel;

	cubeModel->InitModel();

	//init AxisModel

	axisModel=new AxisModel;

	axisModel->InitModel();

	return S_OK;

}

//渲染

void D3DProgam::Render()

{

	//设置摄像机转动

	setCamera();

	//清除背景

	float ClearColor[4] = { 0.0f, 0.125f, 0.3f, 1.0f }; // red,green,blue,alpha

	g_pImmediateContext->ClearRenderTargetView( g_pRenderTargetView, ClearColor );

	g_pImmediateContext->ClearDepthStencilView( g_pDepthStencilView, D3D11_CLEAR_DEPTH, 1.0f, 0 );

	//渲染模型

	cubeModel->Render();

	axisModel->Render();

	//刷新背景缓冲到前景

	g_pSwapChain->Present( 0, 0 );

}

void D3DProgam::CleanupDevice()

{

	D3DBase::CleanupDevice();//先调用父类的清理

	axisModel->CleanupDevice();

	cubeModel->CleanupDevice();

}

//程序開始

int WINAPI wWinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPWSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow )

{

	return D3DBase::BeginD3D(d3d,hInstance,hPrevInstance,lpCmdLine,nCmdShow);

}

实现逻辑的程序尽可能精简和面向对象化了，当中坐标轴和立方体为两个对象，我分别用2个类来表示

class CubeModel

{

public:

	HRESULT InitModel();

	void Render();

	void CleanupDevice();//清理

public:

	ID3D11Buffer*           g_pVertexBuffer;    //顶点缓冲

	ID3D11Buffer*           g_pIndexBuffer;     //顶点索引

};

void CubeModel::CleanupDevice()

{

	if( g_pVertexBuffer ) g_pVertexBuffer->Release();

	if( g_pIndexBuffer ) g_pIndexBuffer->Release();

}

void CubeModel::Render()

{

	// 绑定到管线

	UINT stride = sizeof( SimpleVertex );

	UINT offset = 0;

	g_pImmediateContext->IASetVertexBuffers( 0, 1, &g_pVertexBuffer, &stride, &offset );

	g_pImmediateContext->IASetIndexBuffer( g_pIndexBuffer, DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UINT, 0 );

	g_pImmediateContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology( D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST );

	//更新常量缓冲区

	ConstantBuffer cb;

	cb.mWorld = XMMatrixTranspose( g_World );

	cb.mView = XMMatrixTranspose( g_View );

	cb.mProjection = XMMatrixTranspose( g_Projection );

	g_pImmediateContext->UpdateSubresource( g_pConstantBuffer, 0, NULL, &cb, 0, 0 );

	//渲染

	g_pImmediateContext->VSSetShader( g_pVertexShader, NULL, 0 );

	g_pImmediateContext->VSSetConstantBuffers( 0, 1, &g_pConstantBuffer );

	g_pImmediateContext->PSSetShader( g_pPixelShader, NULL, 0 );

	g_pImmediateContext->DrawIndexed( 36, 0, 0 );        // 36 vertices needed for 12 triangles in a triangle list

}

HRESULT CubeModel::InitModel()

{

	HRESULT hr = S_OK;

	// Create vertex buffer

	SimpleVertex vertices[] =

	{

		{ XMFLOAT3( -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f ),WHITE },

		{ XMFLOAT3( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f ), XMFLOAT4( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ) },

		{ XMFLOAT3( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ), XMFLOAT4( 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ) },

		{ XMFLOAT3( -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ), XMFLOAT4( 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ) },

		{ XMFLOAT3( -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ), XMFLOAT4( 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ) },

		{ XMFLOAT3( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ), XMFLOAT4( 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ) },

		{ XMFLOAT3( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ), XMFLOAT4( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ) },

		{ XMFLOAT3( -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ), XMFLOAT4( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ) },

	};

	D3D11_BUFFER_DESC bd;

	ZeroMemory( &bd, sizeof(bd) );

	bd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;

	bd.ByteWidth = sizeof( SimpleVertex ) * 8;

	bd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;

	bd.CPUAccessFlags = 0;

	D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA InitData;

	ZeroMemory( &InitData, sizeof(InitData) );

	InitData.pSysMem = vertices;

	hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateBuffer( &bd, &InitData, &g_pVertexBuffer );

	if( FAILED( hr ) )

		return hr;

	// Create index buffer

	WORD indices[] =

	{

		3,1,0,

		2,1,3,

		0,5,4,

		1,5,0,

		3,4,7,

		0,4,3,

		1,6,5,

		2,6,1,

		2,7,6,

		3,7,2,

		6,4,5,

		7,4,6,

	};

	bd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;

	bd.ByteWidth = sizeof( WORD ) * 36;        // 36 vertices needed for 12 triangles in a triangle list

	bd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER;

	bd.CPUAccessFlags = 0;

	InitData.pSysMem = indices;

	hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateBuffer( &bd, &InitData, &g_pIndexBuffer );

	if( FAILED( hr ) )

		return hr;

	// 创建常量缓冲区

	ZeroMemory( &bd, sizeof(bd) );

	bd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;

	bd.ByteWidth = sizeof(ConstantBuffer);

	bd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_CONSTANT_BUFFER;

	bd.CPUAccessFlags = 0;

	g_pd3dDevice->CreateBuffer( &bd, NULL, &g_pConstantBuffer );

	return S_OK;

}

class AxisModel

{

public:

	HRESULT InitModel();

	void Render();

	void CleanupDevice();//清理

public:

	ID3D11Buffer*           g_pVertexBuffer;    //顶点缓冲

	ID3D11Buffer*           g_pIndexBuffer;     //顶点索引

};

void AxisModel::CleanupDevice()

{

	if( g_pVertexBuffer ) g_pVertexBuffer->Release();

	if( g_pIndexBuffer ) g_pIndexBuffer->Release();

}

void AxisModel::Render()

{

	//绑定渲染管线

	UINT stride = sizeof( SimpleVertex );

	UINT offset = 0;

	g_pImmediateContext->IASetVertexBuffers( 0, 1, &g_pVertexBuffer, &stride, &offset );

	g_pImmediateContext->IASetIndexBuffer( g_pIndexBuffer, DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UINT, 0 );

	g_pImmediateContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology( D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINELIST );

	//常量缓冲区

	ConstantBuffer cb;

	cb.mWorld = XMMatrixTranspose( g_World );

	cb.mView = XMMatrixTranspose( g_View );

	cb.mProjection = XMMatrixTranspose( g_Projection );

	g_pImmediateContext->UpdateSubresource( g_pConstantBuffer, 0, NULL, &cb, 0, 0 );

	//渲染绘制

	g_pImmediateContext->VSSetShader( g_pVertexShader, NULL, 0 );

	g_pImmediateContext->VSSetConstantBuffers( 0, 1, &g_pConstantBuffer );

	g_pImmediateContext->PSSetShader( g_pPixelShader, NULL, 0 );

	g_pImmediateContext->DrawIndexed( 6, 0, 0 );        // 36 vertices needed for 12 triangles in a triangle list

}

HRESULT AxisModel::InitModel()

{

	HRESULT hr = S_OK;

	//定义顶点缓冲

	SimpleVertex vertices[] =

	{

		{ XMFLOAT3( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),RED }, //x轴

		{ XMFLOAT3( 10.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ),RED },

		{ XMFLOAT3( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ), GREEN },//y轴

		{ XMFLOAT3( 0.0f, 10.0f, 0.0f ), GREEN },

		{ XMFLOAT3( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ), BLUE },//z轴

		{ XMFLOAT3( 0.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f ),BLUE },

	};

	//创建顶点缓冲区

	D3D11_BUFFER_DESC bd;

	ZeroMemory( &bd, sizeof(bd) );

	bd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;

	bd.ByteWidth = sizeof( SimpleVertex ) * 6;

	bd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;

	bd.CPUAccessFlags = 0;

	D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA InitData;

	ZeroMemory( &InitData, sizeof(InitData) );

	InitData.pSysMem = vertices;

	hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateBuffer( &bd, &InitData, &g_pVertexBuffer );

	if( FAILED( hr ) )

		return hr;

	//定义索引缓冲

	WORD indices[] =

	{

		0,1,2,3,4,5

	};

	bd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;

	bd.ByteWidth = sizeof( WORD ) * 6;        // 36 vertices needed for 12 triangles in a triangle list

	bd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER;

	bd.CPUAccessFlags = 0;

	InitData.pSysMem = indices;

	hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateBuffer( &bd, &InitData, &g_pIndexBuffer );

	if( FAILED( hr ) )

		return hr;

	// 创建常量缓冲区

	ZeroMemory( &bd, sizeof(bd) );

	bd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;

	bd.ByteWidth = sizeof(ConstantBuffer);

	bd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_CONSTANT_BUFFER;

	bd.CPUAccessFlags = 0;

	g_pd3dDevice->CreateBuffer( &bd, NULL, &g_pConstantBuffer );

	return S_OK;

}

细心地就会发现上面两个模型类是一摸一样的结构，事实上还能够定义一个模型基类，使他们都继承。

这样就更加面向对象化了

两个类的作用详细在凝视里面已经有了

1：定义顶点缓冲

2：定义索引缓冲

3：定义常量缓冲 (作用是存储世界矩阵。观察矩阵，投影矩阵) 由于后面这个矩阵是随渲染时间的变换而变换的，因此后面会在Render里面再实时更新

4: Render 渲染

这里就是之前我出过的一次错误，渲染的时候记得要将顶点缓冲区，索引缓冲区告诉设备，绑定到设备，并且是实时的。然后常量缓冲区也要告诉着色器

然后就是绘制。

最后一个文件就是基类。这个是一堆初始化设备，windows窗体的函数，变动差点儿没有

#include <windows.h>

#include <d3d11.h>

#include <d3dx11.h>

#include <d3dcompiler.h>

#include <xnamath.h>

#include "resource.h"

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Global Variables

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

HINSTANCE               g_hInst = NULL;

HWND                    g_hWnd = NULL;

D3D_DRIVER_TYPE         g_driverType = D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_NULL;

D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL       g_featureLevel = D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0;

ID3D11Device*           g_pd3dDevice = NULL;

ID3D11Texture2D*        g_pDepthStencil = NULL;

ID3D11DepthStencilView* g_pDepthStencilView = NULL;

ID3D11DeviceContext*    g_pImmediateContext = NULL;

IDXGISwapChain*         g_pSwapChain = NULL;

ID3D11RenderTargetView* g_pRenderTargetView = NULL;

ID3D11VertexShader*     g_pVertexShader = NULL;

ID3D11PixelShader*      g_pPixelShader = NULL;

ID3D11InputLayout*      g_pVertexLayout = NULL;

ID3D11Buffer*           g_pConstantBuffer = NULL;  //转换矩阵缓冲

//转换矩阵

XMMATRIX                g_World;

XMMATRIX                g_View;

XMMATRIX                g_Projection;

const XMFLOAT4 WHITE(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);

const XMFLOAT4 BLACK(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

const XMFLOAT4 RED(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

const XMFLOAT4 GREEN(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

const XMFLOAT4 BLUE(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);

const XMFLOAT4 YELLOW(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

const XMFLOAT4 CYAN(0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); //蓝绿色

const XMFLOAT4 MAGENTA(1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); //洋红色

const XMFLOAT4 BEACH_SAND(1.0f, 0.96f, 0.62f, 1.0f);

const XMFLOAT4 LIGHT_YELLOW_GREEN(0.48f, 0.77f, 0.46f, 1.0f);

const XMFLOAT4 DARK_YELLOW_GREEN(0.1f, 0.48f, 0.19f, 1.0f);

const XMFLOAT4 DARKBROWN(0.45f, 0.39f, 0.34f, 1.0f);

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Structures

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

struct SimpleVertex

{

	XMFLOAT3 Pos;//位置

	XMFLOAT4 Color;//颜色

};

struct ConstantBuffer

{

	XMMATRIX mWorld;//世界矩阵

	XMMATRIX mView;//观察矩阵

	XMMATRIX mProjection;//投影矩阵

};

class D3DBase

{

public:

	//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	// Forward declarations

	//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	D3DBase():vX(0),vY(0),vZ(0),rX(0),rY(0),rZ(0){};

	HRESULT InitWindow( HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow,float w,float h );

	virtual HRESULT InitDevice();

	virtual void Render()=0;

	virtual HRESULT InitModel()=0;

	virtual HRESULT VS_Shader();

	virtual HRESULT InputLayout();

	virtual HRESULT PS_Shader();

	virtual void setCamera();

	static int BeginD3D(D3DBase &d3d,HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPWSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow);

	virtual void CleanupDevice();

	virtual HRESULT CompileShaderFromFile( WCHAR* szFileName, LPCSTR szEntryPoint, LPCSTR szShaderModel, ID3DBlob** ppBlobOut );

public:

	ID3DBlob* pVSBlob,*pPSBlob;

	UINT width;

	UINT height;

	float vX,vY,vZ;// 观察矩阵 Eye的坐标

	float rX,rY,rZ;// 旋转的角度

};

LRESULT CALLBACK   WndProc( HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM );

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Register class and create window

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

HRESULT D3DBase::InitWindow( HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow,float w,float h )

{

	// Register class

	WNDCLASSEX wcex;

	wcex.cbSize = sizeof( WNDCLASSEX );

	wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;

	wcex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;

	wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;

	wcex.cbWndExtra = 0;

	wcex.hInstance = hInstance;

	wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon( hInstance, ( LPCTSTR )IDI_TUTORIAL1 );

	wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_ARROW );

	wcex.hbrBackground = ( HBRUSH )( COLOR_WINDOW + 1 );

	wcex.lpszMenuName = NULL;

	wcex.lpszClassName = L"TutorialWindowClass";

	wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon( wcex.hInstance, ( LPCTSTR )IDI_TUTORIAL1 );

	if( !RegisterClassEx( &wcex ) )

		return E_FAIL;

	// Create window

	g_hInst = hInstance;

	RECT rc = { 0, 0, w, h };

	AdjustWindowRect( &rc, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, FALSE );

	g_hWnd = CreateWindow( L"TutorialWindowClass", L"Direct3D 11 Tutorial 3: Shaders",

		WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,

		CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, rc.right - rc.left, rc.bottom - rc.top, NULL, NULL, hInstance,

		NULL );

	if( !g_hWnd )

		return E_FAIL;

	ShowWindow( g_hWnd, nCmdShow );

	return S_OK;

}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Create Direct3D device and swap chain

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

HRESULT D3DBase::InitDevice()

{

	HRESULT hr = S_OK;

	RECT rc;

	GetClientRect( g_hWnd, &rc );

	width = rc.right - rc.left;

	height = rc.bottom - rc.top;

	UINT createDeviceFlags = 0;

#ifdef _DEBUG

	createDeviceFlags |= D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG;

#endif

	D3D_DRIVER_TYPE driverTypes[] =

	{

		D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,

		D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_WARP,

		D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_REFERENCE,

	};

	UINT numDriverTypes = ARRAYSIZE( driverTypes );

	D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevels[] =

	{

		D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0,

		D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_1,

		D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_0,

	};

	UINT numFeatureLevels = ARRAYSIZE( featureLevels );

	//交换链定义

	DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd;

	ZeroMemory( &sd, sizeof( sd ) );

	sd.BufferCount = 1;

	sd.BufferDesc.Width = width;

	sd.BufferDesc.Height = height;

	sd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;

	sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;

	sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;

	sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;

	sd.OutputWindow = g_hWnd;

	sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;

	sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;

	sd.Windowed = TRUE;

	for( UINT driverTypeIndex = 0; driverTypeIndex < numDriverTypes; driverTypeIndex++ )

	{

		g_driverType = driverTypes[driverTypeIndex];

		hr = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain( NULL, g_driverType, NULL, createDeviceFlags, featureLevels, numFeatureLevels,

			D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &sd, &g_pSwapChain, &g_pd3dDevice, &g_featureLevel, &g_pImmediateContext );

		if( SUCCEEDED( hr ) )

			break;

	}

	if( FAILED( hr ) )

		return hr;

	// 创建渲染目标视图

	ID3D11Texture2D* pBackBuffer = NULL;

	hr = g_pSwapChain->GetBuffer( 0, __uuidof( ID3D11Texture2D ), ( LPVOID* )&pBackBuffer );

	if( FAILED( hr ) )

		return hr;

	hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateRenderTargetView( pBackBuffer, NULL, &g_pRenderTargetView );

	pBackBuffer->Release();

	if( FAILED( hr ) )

		return hr;

	//定义深度缓冲

	D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC descDepth;

	ZeroMemory( &descDepth, sizeof(descDepth) );

	descDepth.Width = width;

	descDepth.Height = height;

	descDepth.MipLevels = 1;

	descDepth.ArraySize = 1;

	descDepth.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;

	descDepth.SampleDesc.Count = 1;

	descDepth.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;

	descDepth.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;

	descDepth.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL;

	descDepth.CPUAccessFlags = 0;

	descDepth.MiscFlags = 0;

	hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateTexture2D( &descDepth, NULL, &g_pDepthStencil );

	if( FAILED( hr ) )

		return hr;

	//创建深度缓冲视图

	D3D11_DEPTH_STENCIL_VIEW_DESC descDSV;

	ZeroMemory( &descDSV, sizeof(descDSV) );

	descDSV.Format = descDepth.Format;

	descDSV.ViewDimension = D3D11_DSV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;

	descDSV.Texture2D.MipSlice = 0;

	hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateDepthStencilView( g_pDepthStencil, &descDSV, &g_pDepthStencilView );

	if( FAILED( hr ) )

		return hr;

	g_pImmediateContext->OMSetRenderTargets( 1, &g_pRenderTargetView, g_pDepthStencilView );

	//设置视口

	D3D11_VIEWPORT vp;

	vp.Width = (FLOAT)width;

	vp.Height = (FLOAT)height;

	vp.MinDepth = 0.0f;

	vp.MaxDepth = 1.0f;

	vp.TopLeftX = 0;

	vp.TopLeftY = 0;

	g_pImmediateContext->RSSetViewports( 1, &vp );

	return S_OK;

}

HRESULT D3DBase::PS_Shader()

{

	// Compile the pixel shader

	HRESULT hr=S_OK;

	hr = CompileShaderFromFile( L"Tutorial.fx", "PS", "ps_4_0", &pPSBlob );

	if( FAILED( hr ) )

	{

		MessageBox( NULL,

			L"The FX file cannot be compiled.  Please run this executable from the directory that contains the FX file.", L"Error", MB_OK );

		return hr;

	}

	// Create the pixel shader

	hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreatePixelShader( pPSBlob->GetBufferPointer(), pPSBlob->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &g_pPixelShader );

	pPSBlob->Release();

	if( FAILED( hr ) )

		return hr;

}

HRESULT D3DBase::InputLayout()

{

	HRESULT hr = S_OK;

	// Define the input layout

	D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] =

	{

		{ "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },

		{ "COLOR", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },

	};

	UINT numElements = ARRAYSIZE( layout );

	// Create the input layout

	hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateInputLayout( layout, numElements, pVSBlob->GetBufferPointer(),

		pVSBlob->GetBufferSize(), &g_pVertexLayout );

	pVSBlob->Release();

	if( FAILED( hr ) )

		return hr;

	// Set the input layout

	g_pImmediateContext->IASetInputLayout( g_pVertexLayout );

}

HRESULT D3DBase::VS_Shader()

{

	HRESULT hr = S_OK;

	// Compile the vertex shader

	hr = CompileShaderFromFile( L"Tutorial.fx", "VS", "vs_4_0", &pVSBlob );

	if( FAILED( hr ) )

	{

		MessageBox( NULL,

			L"The FX file cannot be compiled.  Please run this executable from the directory that contains the FX file.", L"Error", MB_OK );

		return hr;

	}

	// Create the vertex shader

	hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexShader( pVSBlob->GetBufferPointer(), pVSBlob->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &g_pVertexShader );

	if( FAILED( hr ) )

	{

		pVSBlob->Release();

		return hr;

	}

	return S_OK;

}

//摄像机

void D3DBase::setCamera()

{

	//按键事件

	//假设A,S,D,W,Q,E,Z,X,C键按下。移动摄像机

	if(GetAsyncKeyState('W') & 0x8000)	//前

		vZ+=0.001f;

	if(GetAsyncKeyState('S') & 0x8000)	//后

		vZ-=0.001f;

	if(GetAsyncKeyState('A') & 0x8000)  //左

		vX-=0.001f;

	if(GetAsyncKeyState('D') & 0x8000)   //右

		vX+=0.001f;

	if(GetAsyncKeyState('Q') & 0x8000)    //上

		vY+=0.001f;

	if(GetAsyncKeyState('E') & 0x8000)    //下

		vY-=0.001f;

	//旋转

	if(GetAsyncKeyState('Z') & 0x8000)    //x轴

		rX+=0.001f;

	if(GetAsyncKeyState('X') & 0x8000)    //y轴

		rY+=0.001f;

	if(GetAsyncKeyState('C') & 0x8000)    //z轴

		rZ+=0.001f;

	// 世界矩阵

	g_World = XMMatrixIdentity();

	// 观察矩阵

	XMVECTOR Eye = XMVectorSet( 0.0f+vX, 1.0f+vY, -5.0f+vZ, 0.0f );

	XMVECTOR At = XMVectorSet( 0.0f+vX, 1.0f+vY, 0.0f, 0.0f );

	XMVECTOR Up = XMVectorSet( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f );

	g_View = XMMatrixLookAtLH( Eye, At, Up );

	g_View*=XMMatrixRotationX(rX)*XMMatrixRotationY(rY)*XMMatrixRotationZ(rZ);

	// 投影矩阵

	g_Projection = XMMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( XM_PIDIV2, width / (FLOAT)height, 0.01f, 100.0f );

	// Update our time

	static float t = 0.0f;

	if( g_driverType == D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_REFERENCE )

	{

		t += ( float )XM_PI * 0.0125f;

	}

	else

	{

		static DWORD dwTimeStart = 0;

		DWORD dwTimeCur = GetTickCount();

		if( dwTimeStart == 0 )

			dwTimeStart = dwTimeCur;

		t = ( dwTimeCur - dwTimeStart ) / 1000.0f;

	}

	//

	// Animate the cube

	//

	g_World = XMMatrixRotationY( t );

}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Helper for compiling shaders with D3DX11

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

HRESULT D3DBase::CompileShaderFromFile( WCHAR* szFileName, LPCSTR szEntryPoint, LPCSTR szShaderModel, ID3DBlob** ppBlobOut )

{

	HRESULT hr = S_OK;

	DWORD dwShaderFlags = D3DCOMPILE_ENABLE_STRICTNESS;

#if defined( DEBUG ) || defined( _DEBUG )

	// Set the D3DCOMPILE_DEBUG flag to embed debug information in the shaders.

	// Setting this flag improves the shader debugging experience, but still allows

	// the shaders to be optimized and to run exactly the way they will run in

	// the release configuration of this program.

	dwShaderFlags |= D3DCOMPILE_DEBUG;

#endif

	ID3DBlob* pErrorBlob;

	hr = D3DX11CompileFromFile( szFileName, NULL, NULL, szEntryPoint, szShaderModel,

		dwShaderFlags, 0, NULL, ppBlobOut, &pErrorBlob, NULL );

	if( FAILED(hr) )

	{

		if( pErrorBlob != NULL )

			OutputDebugStringA( (char*)pErrorBlob->GetBufferPointer() );

		if( pErrorBlob ) pErrorBlob->Release();

		return hr;

	}

	if( pErrorBlob ) pErrorBlob->Release();

	return S_OK;

}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Clean up the objects we've created

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

void D3DBase::CleanupDevice()

{

	if( g_pImmediateContext ) g_pImmediateContext->ClearState();

	if( g_pVertexLayout ) g_pVertexLayout->Release();

	if( g_pVertexShader ) g_pVertexShader->Release();

	if( g_pPixelShader ) g_pPixelShader->Release();

	if( g_pRenderTargetView ) g_pRenderTargetView->Release();

	if( g_pSwapChain ) g_pSwapChain->Release();

	if( g_pImmediateContext ) g_pImmediateContext->Release();

	if( g_pd3dDevice ) g_pd3dDevice->Release();

	if( g_pConstantBuffer ) g_pConstantBuffer->Release();

}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Called every time the application receives a message

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )

{

	PAINTSTRUCT ps;

	HDC hdc;

	switch( message )

	{

	case WM_PAINT:

		hdc = BeginPaint( hWnd, &ps );

		EndPaint( hWnd, &ps );

		break;

	case WM_DESTROY:

		PostQuitMessage( 0 );

		break;

	default:

		return DefWindowProc( hWnd, message, wParam, lParam );

	}

	return 0;

}

int D3DBase::BeginD3D(D3DBase &d3d,HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPWSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)

{

	UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER( hPrevInstance );

	UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER( lpCmdLine );

	//初始化window窗体

	if( FAILED( d3d.InitWindow( hInstance, nCmdShow ,640,480) ) )

		return 0;

	//初始化设备

	if( FAILED( d3d.InitDevice() ) )

	{

		d3d.CleanupDevice();

		return 0;

	}

	//初始化

	d3d.VS_Shader();  //顶点着色器

	d3d.InputLayout();//顶点结构

	d3d.PS_Shader();  //像素着色器

	d3d.InitModel(); //构造顶点模型数据

	//消息循环

	MSG msg = {0};

	while( WM_QUIT != msg.message )

	{

		if( PeekMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE ) )

		{

			TranslateMessage( &msg );

			DispatchMessage( &msg );

		}

		else

		{

			//開始渲染

			d3d.Render();

		}

	}

	d3d.CleanupDevice();

	return ( int )msg.wParam;

}

效果：

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这个效果学习的最初列子来自博客http://www.cnblogs.com/mikewolf2002/archive/2012/03/18/2404564.html

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