自动化运维工具-Ansible之2-ad-hoc

Ansible ad-hoc

ad-hoc就是“临时命令”，执行完即结束，并不会保存

ad-hoc模式使用场景

比如在多台机器上查看某个进程是否启动，或拷贝指定文件到本地，等等

ad-hoc模式的命令使用

  1. #批量查看磁盘信息
  2. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m command -a 'df -h' -i ./hosts
  3. web02 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
  4. 文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
  5. /dev/sda3        18G  1.1G   17G    6% /
  6. devtmpfs        981M     0  981M    0% /dev
  7. tmpfs           992M     0  992M    0% /dev/shm
  8. tmpfs           992M  9.5M  982M    1% /run
  9. tmpfs           992M     0  992M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
  10. /dev/sda1      1014M  124M  891M   13% /boot
  11. tmpfs           199M     0  199M    0% /run/user/0
  13. web01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
  14. 文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
  15. /dev/sda3        18G  1.1G   17G    6% /
  16. devtmpfs        981M     0  981M    0% /dev
  17. tmpfs           992M     0  992M    0% /dev/shm
  18. tmpfs           992M  9.5M  982M    1% /run
  19. tmpfs           992M     0  992M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
  20. /dev/sda1      1014M  124M  891M   13% /boot
  21. tmpfs           199M     0  199M    0% /run/user/0
  23. #批量查看内存信息
  24. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m command -a 'free -m' -i ./hosts
  25. web01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
  26.               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
  27. Mem:           1982         143        1688           9         150        1668
  28. Swap:          1023           0        1023
  30. web02 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
  31.               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
  32. Mem:           1982         142        1684           9         155        1666
  33. Swap:          1023           0        1023

ad-hoc结果返回颜色

绿色: 代表被管理端主机没有被修改

黄色: 代表被管理端主机发现变更

红色: 代表出现了故障，注意查看提示

ad-hoc常用模块

  1. command             # 执行shell命令(不支持管道等特殊字符)
  2. shell               # 执行shell命令
  3. scripts             # 执行shell脚本
  4. yum_repository      # 配置yum仓库
  5. yum                 # 安装软件
  6. copy                # 变更配置文件
  7. file                # 建立目录或文件
  8. service             # 启动与停止服务
  9. mount               # 挂载设备
  10. cron                # 定时任务
  11. get_url             # 下载软件
  12. firewalld           # 防火墙
  13. selinux             # selinux

ansible-doc帮助手册

  1. [root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc -l        # 查看所有模块说明
  2. [root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc copy      # 查看指定模块方法
  3. [root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc -s copy   # 查看指定模块参数

Ansible命令模块

command默认模块， 执行shell命令，不支持管道等特殊字符

  1. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -a "hostname"

shell执行shell命令，支持管道等特殊字符，使用$需要\转义

  1. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m shell -a "ps -ef|grep nginx" -f 50
  1. [root@m01 ~]# ansible 'web01' -m shell -a "ifconfig eth0 | awk 'NR==2 {print $2}'"
  2. web01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
  3.         inet 10.0.0.7  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.0.255
  4. [root@m01 ~]# ansible 'web01' -m shell -a "ifconfig eth0 | awk 'NR==2 {print \$2}'"
  5. web01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
  6. 10.0.0.7

script执行shell脚本

  1. # 编写脚本
  2. [root@m01 ~]# vim /root/yum.sh
  3. #!/usr/bin/bash
  4. yum install -y vsftpd
  6. #在本地运行模块，等同于在远程执行，不需要将脚本文件进行推送目标主机执行
  7. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m script -a "/root/yum.sh"

Ansible软件管理模块

yum安装软件

  1. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m yum -a "name=httpd state=present"
  2. [root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc yum
  3. name
  4.     httpd                       # 指定要安装的软件包名称
  5.     file://                     # 指定本地安装路径（yum localinstall 本地rpm包）
  6.     http://                     # 指定yum源（从远程仓库获取rpm包）
  7. state                           # 指定使用yum的方法
  8.     installed,present           # 安装软件包
  9.     removed,absent              # 移除软件包
  10.     latest                      # 安装最新软件包
  11. exclude=kernel*,foo*            # 排除某些包
  12. list=ansible                    # 类似于yum list查看是否可以安装
  13. disablerepo="epel,ol7_latest"   # 禁用指定的yum仓库
  14. download_only=true              # 只下载不安装

yum_repository配置yum仓库

  1. # 添加yum仓库
  2. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m yum_repository -a "name=oldboy_epel description=EPEL baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/$releasever/$basearch/" -i ./hosts
  4. # 仓库名和配置文件名不同
  5. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m yum_repository -a 'name=oldboy_epel description=EPEL file=test_oldboy baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/base/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=no' -i ./hosts
  7. # 添加mirrorlist
  8. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m yum_repository -a 'name=oldboy_epel description=EPEL file=test_oldboy baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/base/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=no mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.repoforge.org/el7/mirrors-rpmforge enabled=no' -i ./hosts
  10. # 删除yum仓库及文件
  11. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m yum_repository -a 'name=oldboy_epel file=test_oldboy state=absent' -i ./hosts
  13. # 开启gpgcheck
  14. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m yum_repository -a 'name=oldboy_epel description=EPEL file=test_oldboy baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/base/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=yes gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7' -i ./hosts
  16. name 			#yum源里[]中的内容
  17. description 	#yum源里name的值
  18. file 			#yum源的文件名
  19. mirrorlist 	    #yum源的列表
  20. baseurl         # yum源中的仓库地址
  21. gpgcheck        # yum源是否检查检查秘钥
  22.     no
  23.     yes
  24. state
  25. 	absent		# 删除
  26. 	present		# 添加(默认)
  27. enabled         # 是否启用仓库
  28.     no
  29.     yes

Ansible文件管理模块

copy

  1. src             # 推送数据的源文件信息
  2. dest            # 推送数据的目标路径
  3. backup:			# 目标文件是否备份
  4. 	yes			# 备份
  5. 	no			# 不备份
  6. follow:			# 是否识别软链接
  7. 	yes
  8. 	no
  9. content         # 直接在被管理端文件中添加内容
  10. group           # 将本地文件推送到远端，指定文件属组信息
  11. owner           # 将本地文件推送到远端，指定文件属主信息
  12. mode            # 将本地文件推送到远端，指定文件权限信息
  1. # 推送文件并授权
  2. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m copy -a "src=/etc/passwd dest=/tmp/oldboy.txt owner=www group=www mode=777"
  4. # 在推送覆盖远程端文件前，对远端已有文件按照时间信息备份
  5. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m copy -a "src=/etc/passwd dest=/tmp/oldboy.txt backup=yes"
  7. # 直接向远端文件内写入数据信息，并且会覆盖远端文件内原有数据信息
  8. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m copy -a "content='oldboy' dest=/tmp/oldboy.txt"
  10. #识别软链接
  11. [root@m01 ~]# ansible 'web01' -m copy -a 'src=/root/test dest=/tmp owner=nginx group=nginx mode=0644 follow=yes'
  12. [root@m01 ~]# ansible 'web01' -m copy -a 'src=/root/test dest=/tmp owner=nginx group=nginx mode=0644 follow=no'

file

  1. src:			# 源文件（如果做软链接就是远程机器上的文件）
  2. dest:			# 目标文件（如果做软链接就是远程机器上的链接文件）
  3. path            # 指定远程主机目录或文件信息
  4. recurse         # 递归授权
  5.     yes
  6. state
  7.     directory   # 在远端创建目录(默认递归)
  8.     touch       # 在远端创建文件
  9.     link        # link或hard表示创建链接文件
  10.     absent      # 表示删除文件或目录
  11. mode            # 设置文件或目录权限
  12. owner           # 设置文件或目录属主信息
  13. group           # 设置文件或目录属组信息
  1. # 递归创建目录并授权
  2. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m file -a "path=/tmp/tmp1/oldboy_dir state=directory mode=0777 owner=root group=root"
  3. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m file -a "path=/tmp/tmp/oldboy_dir state=directory owner=www group=www mode=0700 recurse=yes"
  4. # 创建文件并授权
  5. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m file -a "path=/tmp/oldboy_file state=touch mode=0555 owner=root group=root"
  6. # 做软连接
  7. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m file -a "src=/tmp/oldboy_dir dest=/tmp/oldboy_dir_link state=link"
  8. # 删除文件
  9. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m file -a 'path=/tmp/oldboy_dir_link state=absent'
  10. # 递归授权目录

get_url

  1. [root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc get_url
  2. url             # 指定下载地址
  3. dest            # 指定下载目录
  4. mode            # 指定权限
  5. checksum        # 校验加密算法
  6.     md5
  7.     sha256
  1. # 下载包并授权
  2. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m get_url -a 'url=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/3.4/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-agent-3.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm dest=/tmp mode=0644'
  4. #下载包时验证
  5. [root@web01 /tmp]# md5sum zabbix-agent-3.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
  6. ba1f2511fc30423bdbb183fe33f3dd0f  index.html
  8. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m get_url -a 'url=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/3.4/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-agent-3.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm dest=/opt mode=0644 checksum=md5:ba1f2511fc30423bdbb183fe33f3dd0f'

Ansible服务管理模块

service

  1. [root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc service
  2. EXAMPLES:
  3. - name: Start service httpd, if not started
  4.   service:
  5.     name: httpd
  6.     state: started
  7.     enabled: yes
  9. name: httpd			# 服务的名字
  10. state:
  11. 	started			# 启动服务
  12. 	stopped			# 停止服务
  13. 	restarted		# 重启服务
  14. 	reloaded		# 重载服务
  15. enabled:			# 开机自启
  16. 	yes
  17. 	no

systemd

  1. [root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc systemd
  2. EXAMPLES:
  3. - name: Start service httpd, if not started
  4.   systemd:
  5.     name: httpd
  6.     state: started
  7.     enabled: yes
  8.     daemon_reload: yes
  10. name: httpd			# 服务的名字
  11. state:
  12. 	started			# 启动服务
  13. 	stopped			# 停止服务
  14. 	restarted		# 重启服务
  15. 	reloaded		# 重载服务
  16. enabled:			# 开机自启
  17. 	yes
  18. 	no
  19. daemon_reload：	   # 后台启动
  1. # 停止nginx服务
  2. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m service -a 'name=nginx state=stopped'
  4. # 启动httpd服务，并加入开机自启
  5. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m systemd -a 'name=httpd state=started enabled=yes'

Ansible用户管理模块

group

  1. name            #指定创建的组名
  2. gid             #指定组的gid
  3. state
  4.     absent      #移除远端主机的组
  5.     present     #创建远端主机的组（默认）
  1. # 创建用户组
  2. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m group -a 'name=www state=present gid=777'
  3. # 删除用户组
  4. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m group -a 'name=www state=absent'

user

  1. - name: Add the user 'johnd' with a specific uid and a primary group of 'admin'
  2.   user:
  3.     name: johnd						# 用户名
  4.     comment: John Doe				# 用户的注释
  5.     uid: 1040						# 用户uid
  6.     group: admin					# 用户的组名称
  7.     groups: admins,developers		# 指定附加组名称
  8.     shell: /bin/bash				# 指定登录脚本
  9.     append: yes						# 添加附加组时使用
  10.     remove: yes						# 移除家目录
  11.     generate_ssh_key: yes			# 是否生成密钥对
  12.     ssh_key_bits: 2048				# 秘钥加密的位数
  13.     ssh_key_file: .ssh/id_rsa		# 秘钥文件
  14.     expires: 1422403387				# 用户的有效时间
  15.     state:
  16.     	present						# 添加用户（默认）
  17.     	absent						# 删除用户
  18.     create_home：yes/no     		   # 是否创建家目录
  19.     password        				# 给用户添加密码(单引号)
  1. # 创建用户指定uid和gid，不创建家目录也不允许登陆
  2. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m user -a 'name=www uid=666 group=666 shell=/sbin/nologin create_home=false'
  4. # 仅删除用户
  5. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m user -a 'name=www state=absent'
  7. # 删除用户及用户组
  8. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m user -a 'name=www state=absent remove=yes'
  10. # 将明文密码进行hash加密，然后创建用户并设定密码(密码必须是密文)
  11. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m debug -a "msg={{ 'oldboy' | password_hash('sha512', 'salt') }}"
  12. web01 | SUCCESS => {
  13.     "msg": "$6$salt$xaunY8IjwsGxX14Fn5MU7iRza9R7crMbDiMUAG0b7Ku0f9pE.Am4ScvdCxURf.y0hsHX4o5bo3JSn/.DDXP8u1"
  14. }
  15. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m user -a 'name=oldboy1 password=$6$salt$xaunY8IjwsGxX14Fn5MU7iRza9R7crMbDiMUAG0b7Ku0f9pE.Am4ScvdCxURf.y0hsHX4o5bo3JSn/.DDXP8u1 create_home=true shell=/bin/bash'

注意：

  • 如果用户名字跟组名字相同，删除用户是会将组也删除
  • 当组下面有多个用户，删除的与组同名的用户也不会删除组
  1. # 创建用户并生成秘钥对
  2. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m user -a "name=oldboy uid=888 group=root shell=/bin/bash generate_ssh_key=yes ssh_key_bits=2048 ssh_key_file=.ssh/id_rsa" -i ./hosts
  3. web01 | CHANGED => {
  4.     "ansible_facts": {
  5.         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
  6.     },
  7.     "changed": true,
  8.     "comment": "",
  9.     "create_home": true,
  10.     "group": 0,
  11.     "home": "/home/oldboy",
  12.     "name": "oldboy",
  13.     "shell": "/bin/bash",
  14.     "ssh_fingerprint": "2048 SHA256:WEMHCpSjxxqFwlzrCk1FqrPqeq6N/SHxL1gFTSqHlGM ansible-generated on web01 (RSA)",
  15.     "ssh_key_file": "/home/oldboy/.ssh/id_rsa",
  16.     "ssh_public_key": "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDRx+bCYGh4FqpKoPzyXrR8ef9GwoY6l6QEFQ0+XPynR22fd9Lbs1eUxWDm5aH4ZO8sPaI8a5xmj88Sipwl0FxlQTjD2X/vreZNEDbwFWrbZ24VvPkfPSSWBh5SxLH6pJt8pGQpPVWuLRMx6yOOxRB1hh9bGFzQNg5z8xqzeogTOoI7cxSFZVuUb5affNj8H5mCw2nAvblV+HNhRzbMlwr+9/EWcCWHDnlVYcELHXjpNJcyGB3VFOu1MPkmLaSTcaB73O0eRvZQkYMBePKJC44tvjHihGhvCk9rzh8qvzHxvMgoMD/+0uKAlIwEvOyfAczb7fxllU0rDtbyPtjbuLsR ansible-generated on web01",
  17.     "state": "present",
  18.     "system": false,
  19.     "uid": 888
  20. }
  21. web02 | CHANGED => {
  22.     "ansible_facts": {
  23.         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
  24.     },
  25.     "changed": true,
  26.     "comment": "",
  27.     "create_home": true,
  28.     "group": 0,
  29.     "home": "/home/oldboy",
  30.     "name": "oldboy",
  31.     "shell": "/bin/bash",
  32.     "ssh_fingerprint": "2048 SHA256:IepfOosi2Xm8kfr4nOPAhG3fec6o8kpMnJ0/RwN+0F8 ansible-generated on web02 (RSA)",
  33.     "ssh_key_file": "/home/oldboy/.ssh/id_rsa",
  34.     "ssh_public_key": "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDEcO9iDKg4X8ya/y9E0eDelAFMp/rxiDSzW31r+REawaQyF4oywcdIagpz0MTg2BeF2WdaYUmHmtmSTfSOMif26+R1FLcL9f9NYu3io/0388jukcTfyN02diXWgqoKtt4Gbm8Bq8sWE4tX/FSYl42fG6bX1AyDSMzzB7ERr2AD/Y9KuKt7cEXDinGjqTFEXw6+x1wBHpotkUisYiZCci+1Nx4YSznVRBveZTlpxMUYmKgwkUXQIt+RoOYzjgD++0md8O7lwJGgODZkahlrf2pOQnmpS4isLi9or4N+DVnqD+cXb/RjgJzPIJZYazgRY3vtAU9DDqm5i049x/VxEqFj ansible-generated on web02",
  35.     "state": "present",
  36.     "system": false,
  37.     "uid": 888
  38. }

Ansible定时任务模块

cron

  1. - name: Ensure a job that runs at 2 and 5 exists. Creates an entry like "0 5,2 * * ls -alh > /d
  2.   cron:
  3.     name: "check dirs"		     # 定时任务的注释
  4.     minute: "0"				     # 分钟
  5.     hour: "5,2"				     # 小时
  6.     day: "2"				     # 日
  7.     month: "2"				     # 月
  8.     weekday: "2"			     # 周
  9.     job: "ls -alh > /dev/null"   # 定时任务的内容
  10.     state:
  11.     	absent				     # 删除定时任务
  12.     	present				     # 添加定时任务
  1. # 添加定时任务
  2. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m cron -a 'name="时间同步" minute=*/10 job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate time1.aliyun.com &> /dev/null"'
  4. # 修改定时任务（名字相同，只修改内容）
  5. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m cron -a 'name="时间同步" job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate time1.aliyun.com &> /dev/null"'
  7. # 删除相应定时任务（只能用name参数）
  8. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m cron -a "name='时间同步' state=absent"
  10. # 注释相应定时任务
  11. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m cron -a 'name="时间同步" job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate time1.aliyun.com &> /dev/null" disabled=yes'

Ansible磁盘挂载模块

mount

  1. - name: Mount DVD read-only
  2.   mount:
  3.     path: /mnt/dvd			# 挂载的目录（nfs客户端）
  4.     src: /dev/sr0			# 远端被挂载的目录 （nfs服务端）
  5.     fstype: nfs				# 挂载类型
  6.     opts: ro,noauto			# 自动挂载的参数
  7.     state:
  8.     	present				# 开机挂载，仅将挂载配置写入/etc/fstab
  9.     	unmounted			# 卸载设备，不会清除/etc/fstab写入的配置
  10.     	mounted				# 卸载设备，会清理/etc/fstab写入的配置（常用）
  11.     	absent				# 取消临时挂载，并且清理自动挂载（常用）
  1. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=present"
  3. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web02 -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=mounted"
  5. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web02 -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=unmounted"
  7. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web02 -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=absent"

Ansible防火墙模块

selinux

  1. # 关闭selinux修改配置文件，必须重启
  2. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m selinux -a 'state=disabled'
  3.  [WARNING]: SELinux state temporarily changed from 'enforcing' to 'permissive'. State change will take effect next reboot.
  5. web01 | CHANGED => {
  6.     "ansible_facts": {
  7.         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
  8.     },
  9.     "changed": true,
  10.     "configfile": "/etc/selinux/config",
  11.     "msg": "Config SELinux state changed from 'enforcing' to 'disabled'",
  12.     "policy": "targeted",
  13.     "reboot_required": true,
  14.     "state": "disabled"
  15. }
  17. # 临时关闭
  18. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m shell -a 'setenforce 0'
  19. web01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
  21. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m shell -a 'getenforce'
  22. web01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
  23. Permissive

firewalld

  1. service: https				 # 指定开放或关闭的服务名称
  2. permanent:
  3. 	yes				         # 永久生效
  4. 	no					     # 临时生效
  5. state:
  6. 	enabled					 # 开启
  7. 	disable					 # 关闭
  8. port: 8081/tcp  161-162/udp	 # 防火墙配置的端口
  9. zone: dmz					 # 指定配置空间
  10. rich_rule:					 # 辅规则
  11. source: 192.0.2.0/24	     # 防火墙配置的源ip
  12. masquerade:
  13. 	yes					     # 开启ip伪装
  14. 	no					     # 关闭ip伪装
  15. interface: eth2				 # 绑定网卡
  16. immediate                    # 临时生效
  1. # 允许访问http，永久生效
  2. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m firewalld -a 'service=http permanent=yes state=enabled'
  4. # 允许80端口被访问，临时生效
  5. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m firewalld -a 'port=80/tcp state=enabled'
  6. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m firewalld -a "service=http immediate=yes permanent=yes state=enabled"
  8. # 允许10.0.0.0/24网段访问22端口
  9. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m firewalld -a 'rich_rule="rule family=ipv4 source address=10.0.0.0/24 service name=ssh accept" state=enabled'
  11. # 允许10.0.0.0/24网段访问所有服务
  12. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m firewalld -a 'source=10.0.0.0/24 zone=trusted state=enabled permanent=yes'

Ansible压缩解压模块

Archive压缩

  1. - name: Compress directory /path/to/foo/ into /path/to/foo.tgz
  2.   archive:
  3.     path: /path/to/foo			#要压缩的文件或目录
  4.     dest: /path/to/foo.tgz		#压缩后的文件
  5.     format：bz2, gz, tar, xz, zip	#指定打包的类型
  1. #1.打包站点目录
  2. [root@m01 /package]# ansible web01 -m archive -a 'path=/code dest=/tmp/code.tar.gz'

unarchive解压

  1. - name: Unarchive a file that is already on the remote machine
  2.   unarchive:
  3.     src: /tmp/foo.zip			#要解压的包
  4.     dest: /usr/local/bin		#解压到目标位置
  5.     remote_src:
  6.     	yes						#要解压的包在受控端
  7.     	no						#要解压的包在控制端
  1. #1.解压控制端的包到受控端
  2. [root@m01 /package]# ansible web01 -m unarchive -a 'src=/package/php.tar.gz dest=/tmp/'
  4. #2.解压受控端的包到受控端
  5. [root@m01 /package]# ansible web02 -m unarchive -a 'src=/package/php.tar.gz dest=/tmp/ remote_src=yes'

Ansible主机信息模块

这个模块非常实用

在公司中总会有一些需求

比如：

1.根据不同主机不同IP创建对应IP的目录

2.根据不同主机不同主机名创建对应主机名的目录

3.自动化运维平台需要自动获取到主机的IP地址，内存信息，磁盘信息，主机名...等

4.如果安装数据库，分配内存为物理内存的80%，此时有3台不同物理内存的机器2G、4G、16G

写一个playbook的情况下，我需要获取到对应主机的内存并作出计算，写判断。

setup

  1. 获取所有主机信息
  1. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setup
  2. web01 | SUCCESS => {
  3.     "ansible_facts": {
  4.         "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
  5.             "10.0.0.7"
  6.         ],
  7.         "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
  8.             "fe80::20c:29ff:fef8:9880"
  9.         ],
  10.         "ansible_apparmor": {
  11.             "status": "disabled"
  12.         },
  13.         "ansible_architecture": "x86_64",
  14.         "ansible_bios_date": "04/13/2018",
  15.         "ansible_bios_version": "6.00",
  16.         "ansible_cmdline": {
  17.             "BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64",
  18.             "LANG": "en_US.UTF-8",
  19.             "biosdevname": "0",
  20.             "net.ifnames": "0",
  21.             "quiet": true,
  22.             "rhgb": true,
  23.             "ro": true,
  24.             "root": "UUID=7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"
  25.         },
  26.         "ansible_date_time": {
  27.             "date": "2019-09-10",
  28.             "day": "10",
  29.             "epoch": "1568115243",
  30.             "hour": "19",
  31.             "iso8601": "2019-09-10T11:34:03Z",
  32.             "iso8601_basic": "20190910T193403218395",
  33.             "iso8601_basic_short": "20190910T193403",
  34.             "iso8601_micro": "2019-09-10T11:34:03.218468Z",
  35.             "minute": "34",
  36.             "month": "09",
  37.             "second": "03",
  38.             "time": "19:34:03",
  39.             "tz": "CST",
  40.             "tz_offset": "+0800",
  41.             "weekday": "星期二",
  42.             "weekday_number": "2",
  43.             "weeknumber": "36",
  44.             "year": "2019"
  45.         },
  46.         "ansible_default_ipv4": {
  47.             "address": "10.0.0.7",
  48.             "alias": "eth0",
  49.             "broadcast": "10.0.0.255",
  50.             "gateway": "10.0.0.2",
  51.             "interface": "eth0",
  52.             "macaddress": "00:0c:29:f8:98:80",
  53.             "mtu": 1500,
  54.             "netmask": "255.255.255.0",
  55.             "network": "10.0.0.0",
  56.             "type": "ether"
  57.         },
  58.         "ansible_default_ipv6": {},
  59.         "ansible_device_links": {
  60.             "ids": {
  61.                 "sr0": [
  62.                     "ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_00000000000000000001"
  63.                 ],
  64.                 "sr1": [
  65.                     "ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001"
  66.                 ]
  67.             },
  68.             "labels": {},
  69.             "masters": {},
  70.             "uuids": {
  71.                 "sda1": [
  72.                     "8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd"
  73.                 ],
  74.                 "sda2": [
  75.                     "9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5"
  76.                 ],
  77.                 "sda3": [
  78.                     "7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"
  79.                 ]
  80.             }
  81.         },
  82.         "ansible_devices": {
  83.             "sda": {
  84.                 "holders": [],
  85.                 "host": "SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI (rev 01)",
  86.                 "links": {
  87.                     "ids": [],
  88.                     "labels": [],
  89.                     "masters": [],
  90.                     "uuids": []
  91.                 },
  92.                 "model": "VMware Virtual S",
  93.                 "partitions": {
  94.                     "sda1": {
  95.                         "holders": [],
  96.                         "links": {
  97.                             "ids": [],
  98.                             "labels": [],
  99.                             "masters": [],
  100.                             "uuids": [
  101.                                 "8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd"
  102.                             ]
  103.                         },
  104.                         "sectors": "2097152",
  105.                         "sectorsize": 512,
  106.                         "size": "1.00 GB",
  107.                         "start": "2048",
  108.                         "uuid": "8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd"
  109.                     },
  110.                     "sda2": {
  111.                         "holders": [],
  112.                         "links": {
  113.                             "ids": [],
  114.                             "labels": [],
  115.                             "masters": [],
  116.                             "uuids": [
  117.                                 "9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5"
  118.                             ]
  119.                         },
  120.                         "sectors": "2097152",
  121.                         "sectorsize": 512,
  122.                         "size": "1.00 GB",
  123.                         "start": "2099200",
  124.                         "uuid": "9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5"
  125.                     },
  126.                     "sda3": {
  127.                         "holders": [],
  128.                         "links": {
  129.                             "ids": [],
  130.                             "labels": [],
  131.                             "masters": [],
  132.                             "uuids": [
  133.                                 "7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"
  134.                             ]
  135.                         },
  136.                         "sectors": "37746688",
  137.                         "sectorsize": 512,
  138.                         "size": "18.00 GB",
  139.                         "start": "4196352",
  140.                         "uuid": "7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"
  141.                     }
  142.                 },
  143.                 "removable": "0",
  144.                 "rotational": "1",
  145.                 "sas_address": null,
  146.                 "sas_device_handle": null,
  147.                 "scheduler_mode": "deadline",
  148.                 "sectors": "41943040",
  149.                 "sectorsize": "512",
  150.                 "size": "20.00 GB",
  151.                 "support_discard": "0",
  152.                 "vendor": "VMware,",
  153.                 "virtual": 1
  154.             },
  155.             "sr0": {
  156.                 "holders": [],
  157.                 "host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)",
  158.                 "links": {
  159.                     "ids": [
  160.                         "ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_00000000000000000001"
  161.                     ],
  162.                     "labels": [],
  163.                     "masters": [],
  164.                     "uuids": []
  165.                 },
  166.                 "model": "VMware IDE CDR00",
  167.                 "partitions": {},
  168.                 "removable": "1",
  169.                 "rotational": "1",
  170.                 "sas_address": null,
  171.                 "sas_device_handle": null,
  172.                 "scheduler_mode": "deadline",
  173.                 "sectors": "2097151",
  174.                 "sectorsize": "512",
  175.                 "size": "1024.00 MB",
  176.                 "support_discard": "0",
  177.                 "vendor": "NECVMWar",
  178.                 "virtual": 1
  179.             },
  180.             "sr1": {
  181.                 "holders": [],
  182.                 "host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)",
  183.                 "links": {
  184.                     "ids": [
  185.                         "ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001"
  186.                     ],
  187.                     "labels": [],
  188.                     "masters": [],
  189.                     "uuids": []
  190.                 },
  191.                 "model": "VMware IDE CDR10",
  192.                 "partitions": {},
  193.                 "removable": "1",
  194.                 "rotational": "1",
  195.                 "sas_address": null,
  196.                 "sas_device_handle": null,
  197.                 "scheduler_mode": "deadline",
  198.                 "sectors": "2097151",
  199.                 "sectorsize": "512",
  200.                 "size": "1024.00 MB",
  201.                 "support_discard": "0",
  202.                 "vendor": "NECVMWar",
  203.                 "virtual": 1
  204.             }
  205.         },
  206.         "ansible_distribution": "CentOS",
  207.         "ansible_distribution_file_parsed": true,
  208.         "ansible_distribution_file_path": "/etc/redhat-release",
  209.         "ansible_distribution_file_variety": "RedHat",
  210.         "ansible_distribution_major_version": "7",
  211.         "ansible_distribution_release": "Core",
  212.         "ansible_distribution_version": "7.5",
  213.         "ansible_dns": {
  214.             "nameservers": [
  215.                 "10.0.0.2"
  216.             ]
  217.         },
  218.         "ansible_domain": "",
  219.         "ansible_effective_group_id": 0,
  220.         "ansible_effective_user_id": 0,
  221.         "ansible_env": {
  222.             "HOME": "/root",
  223.             "LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8",
  224.             "LESSOPEN": "||/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s",
  225.             "LOGNAME": "root",
  226.             "LS_COLORS": "rs=0:di=38;5;27:ln=38;5;51:mh=44;38;5;15:pi=40;38;5;11:so=38;5;13:do=38;5;5:bd=48;5;232;38;5;11:cd=48;5;232;38;5;3:or=48;5;232;38;5;9:mi=05;48;5;232;38;5;15:su=48;5;196;38;5;15:sg=48;5;11;38;5;16:ca=48;5;196;38;5;226:tw=48;5;10;38;5;16:ow=48;5;10;38;5;21:st=48;5;21;38;5;15:ex=38;5;34:*.tar=38;5;9:*.tgz=38;5;9:*.arc=38;5;9:*.arj=38;5;9:*.taz=38;5;9:*.lha=38;5;9:*.lz4=38;5;9:*.lzh=38;5;9:*.lzma=38;5;9:*.tlz=38;5;9:*.txz=38;5;9:*.tzo=38;5;9:*.t7z=38;5;9:*.zip=38;5;9:*.z=38;5;9:*.Z=38;5;9:*.dz=38;5;9:*.gz=38;5;9:*.lrz=38;5;9:*.lz=38;5;9:*.lzo=38;5;9:*.xz=38;5;9:*.bz2=38;5;9:*.bz=38;5;9:*.tbz=38;5;9:*.tbz2=38;5;9:*.tz=38;5;9:*.deb=38;5;9:*.rpm=38;5;9:*.jar=38;5;9:*.war=38;5;9:*.ear=38;5;9:*.sar=38;5;9:*.rar=38;5;9:*.alz=38;5;9:*.ace=38;5;9:*.zoo=38;5;9:*.cpio=38;5;9:*.7z=38;5;9:*.rz=38;5;9:*.cab=38;5;9:*.jpg=38;5;13:*.jpeg=38;5;13:*.gif=38;5;13:*.bmp=38;5;13:*.pbm=38;5;13:*.pgm=38;5;13:*.ppm=38;5;13:*.tga=38;5;13:*.xbm=38;5;13:*.xpm=38;5;13:*.tif=38;5;13:*.tiff=38;5;13:*.png=38;5;13:*.svg=38;5;13:*.svgz=38;5;13:*.mng=38;5;13:*.pcx=38;5;13:*.mov=38;5;13:*.mpg=38;5;13:*.mpeg=38;5;13:*.m2v=38;5;13:*.mkv=38;5;13:*.webm=38;5;13:*.ogm=38;5;13:*.mp4=38;5;13:*.m4v=38;5;13:*.mp4v=38;5;13:*.vob=38;5;13:*.qt=38;5;13:*.nuv=38;5;13:*.wmv=38;5;13:*.asf=38;5;13:*.rm=38;5;13:*.rmvb=38;5;13:*.flc=38;5;13:*.avi=38;5;13:*.fli=38;5;13:*.flv=38;5;13:*.gl=38;5;13:*.dl=38;5;13:*.xcf=38;5;13:*.xwd=38;5;13:*.yuv=38;5;13:*.cgm=38;5;13:*.emf=38;5;13:*.axv=38;5;13:*.anx=38;5;13:*.ogv=38;5;13:*.ogx=38;5;13:*.aac=38;5;45:*.au=38;5;45:*.flac=38;5;45:*.mid=38;5;45:*.midi=38;5;45:*.mka=38;5;45:*.mp3=38;5;45:*.mpc=38;5;45:*.ogg=38;5;45:*.ra=38;5;45:*.wav=38;5;45:*.axa=38;5;45:*.oga=38;5;45:*.spx=38;5;45:*.xspf=38;5;45:",
  227.             "MAIL": "/var/mail/root",
  228.             "PATH": "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin",
  229.             "PWD": "/root",
  230.             "SELINUX_LEVEL_REQUESTED": "",
  231.             "SELINUX_ROLE_REQUESTED": "",
  232.             "SELINUX_USE_CURRENT_RANGE": "",
  233.             "SHELL": "/bin/bash",
  234.             "SHLVL": "2",
  235.             "SSH_CLIENT": "10.0.0.51 53512 22",
  236.             "SSH_CONNECTION": "10.0.0.51 53512 10.0.0.7 22",
  237.             "SSH_TTY": "/dev/pts/1",
  238.             "TERM": "xterm-256color",
  239.             "USER": "root",
  240.             "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR": "/run/user/0",
  241.             "XDG_SESSION_ID": "87",
  242.             "_": "/usr/bin/python"
  243.         },
  244.         "ansible_eth0": {
  245.             "active": true,
  246.             "device": "eth0",
  247.             "features": {
  248.                 "busy_poll": "off [fixed]",
  249.                 "fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]",
  250.                 "generic_receive_offload": "on",
  251.                 "generic_segmentation_offload": "on",
  252.                 "highdma": "off [fixed]",
  253.                 "hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]",
  254.                 "l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]",
  255.                 "large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]",
  256.                 "loopback": "off [fixed]",
  257.                 "netns_local": "off [fixed]",
  258.                 "ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]",
  259.                 "receive_hashing": "off [fixed]",
  260.                 "rx_all": "off",
  261.                 "rx_checksumming": "off",
  262.                 "rx_fcs": "off",
  263.                 "rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload": "off [fixed]",
  264.                 "rx_vlan_filter": "on [fixed]",
  265.                 "rx_vlan_offload": "on",
  266.                 "rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]",
  267.                 "rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]",
  268.                 "scatter_gather": "on",
  269.                 "tcp_segmentation_offload": "on",
  270.                 "tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]",
  271.                 "tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on",
  272.                 "tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]",
  273.                 "tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]",
  274.                 "tx_checksum_sctp": "off [fixed]",
  275.                 "tx_checksumming": "on",
  276.                 "tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
  277.                 "tx_gre_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
  278.                 "tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
  279.                 "tx_gso_partial": "off [fixed]",
  280.                 "tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]",
  281.                 "tx_ipip_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
  282.                 "tx_lockless": "off [fixed]",
  283.                 "tx_nocache_copy": "off",
  284.                 "tx_scatter_gather": "on",
  285.                 "tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "off [fixed]",
  286.                 "tx_sctp_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
  287.                 "tx_sit_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
  288.                 "tx_tcp6_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
  289.                 "tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
  290.                 "tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation": "off",
  291.                 "tx_tcp_segmentation": "on",
  292.                 "tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
  293.                 "tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
  294.                 "tx_vlan_offload": "on [fixed]",
  295.                 "tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]",
  296.                 "udp_fragmentation_offload": "off [fixed]",
  297.                 "vlan_challenged": "off [fixed]"
  298.             },
  299.             "hw_timestamp_filters": [],
  300.             "ipv4": {
  301.                 "address": "10.0.0.7",
  302.                 "broadcast": "10.0.0.255",
  303.                 "netmask": "255.255.255.0",
  304.                 "network": "10.0.0.0"
  305.             },
  306.             "ipv6": [
  307.                 {
  308.                     "address": "fe80::20c:29ff:fef8:9880",
  309.                     "prefix": "64",
  310.                     "scope": "link"
  311.                 }
  312.             ],
  313.             "macaddress": "00:0c:29:f8:98:80",
  314.             "module": "e1000",
  315.             "mtu": 1500,
  316.             "pciid": "0000:02:01.0",
  317.             "promisc": false,
  318.             "speed": 1000,
  319.             "timestamping": [
  320.                 "tx_software",
  321.                 "rx_software",
  322.                 "software"
  323.             ],
  324.             "type": "ether"
  325.         },
  326.         "ansible_fibre_channel_wwn": [],
  327.         "ansible_fips": false,
  328.         "ansible_form_factor": "Other",
  329.         "ansible_fqdn": "web01",
  330.         "ansible_hostname": "web01",
  331.         "ansible_hostnqn": "",
  332.         "ansible_interfaces": [
  333.             "lo",
  334.             "eth0"
  335.         ],
  336.         "ansible_is_chroot": false,
  337.         "ansible_iscsi_iqn": "",
  338.         "ansible_kernel": "3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64",
  339.         "ansible_lo": {
  340.             "active": true,
  341.             "device": "lo",
  342.             "features": {
  343.                 "busy_poll": "off [fixed]",
  344.                 "fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]",
  345.                 "generic_receive_offload": "on",
  346.                 "generic_segmentation_offload": "on",
  347.                 "highdma": "on [fixed]",
  348.                 "hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]",
  349.                 "l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]",
  350.                 "large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]",
  351.                 "loopback": "on [fixed]",
  352.                 "netns_local": "on [fixed]",
  353.                 "ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]",
  354.                 "receive_hashing": "off [fixed]",
  355.                 "rx_all": "off [fixed]",
  356.                 "rx_checksumming": "on [fixed]",
  357.                 "rx_fcs": "off [fixed]",
  358.                 "rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload": "off [fixed]",
  359.                 "rx_vlan_filter": "off [fixed]",
  360.                 "rx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]",
  361.                 "rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]",
  362.                 "rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]",
  363.                 "scatter_gather": "on",
  364.                 "tcp_segmentation_offload": "on",
  365.                 "tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]",
  366.                 "tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on [fixed]",
  367.                 "tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]",
  368.                 "tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]",
  369.                 "tx_checksum_sctp": "on [fixed]",
  370.                 "tx_checksumming": "on",
  371.                 "tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
  372.                 "tx_gre_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
  373.                 "tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
  374.                 "tx_gso_partial": "off [fixed]",
  375.                 "tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]",
  376.                 "tx_ipip_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
  377.                 "tx_lockless": "on [fixed]",
  378.                 "tx_nocache_copy": "off [fixed]",
  379.                 "tx_scatter_gather": "on [fixed]",
  380.                 "tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "on [fixed]",
  381.                 "tx_sctp_segmentation": "on",
  382.                 "tx_sit_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
  383.                 "tx_tcp6_segmentation": "on",
  384.                 "tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "on",
  385.                 "tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation": "on",
  386.                 "tx_tcp_segmentation": "on",
  387.                 "tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
  388.                 "tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
  389.                 "tx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]",
  390.                 "tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]",
  391.                 "udp_fragmentation_offload": "on",
  392.                 "vlan_challenged": "on [fixed]"
  393.             },
  394.             "hw_timestamp_filters": [],
  395.             "ipv4": {
  396.                 "address": "127.0.0.1",
  397.                 "broadcast": "host",
  398.                 "netmask": "255.0.0.0",
  399.                 "network": "127.0.0.0"
  400.             },
  401.             "ipv6": [
  402.                 {
  403.                     "address": "::1",
  404.                     "prefix": "128",
  405.                     "scope": "host"
  406.                 }
  407.             ],
  408.             "mtu": 65536,
  409.             "promisc": false,
  410.             "timestamping": [
  411.                 "rx_software",
  412.                 "software"
  413.             ],
  414.             "type": "loopback"
  415.         },
  416.         "ansible_local": {},
  417.         "ansible_lsb": {},
  418.         "ansible_machine": "x86_64",
  419.         "ansible_machine_id": "c9d400bd3c1249bd81b2d49252985ab6",
  420.         "ansible_memfree_mb": 1068,
  421.         "ansible_memory_mb": {
  422.             "nocache": {
  423.                 "free": 1622,
  424.                 "used": 360
  425.             },
  426.             "real": {
  427.                 "free": 1068,
  428.                 "total": 1982,
  429.                 "used": 914
  430.             },
  431.             "swap": {
  432.                 "cached": 0,
  433.                 "free": 1023,
  434.                 "total": 1023,
  435.                 "used": 0
  436.             }
  437.         },
  438.         "ansible_memtotal_mb": 1982,
  439.         "ansible_mounts": [
  440.             {
  441.                 "block_available": 227935,
  442.                 "block_size": 4096,
  443.                 "block_total": 259584,
  444.                 "block_used": 31649,
  445.                 "device": "/dev/sda1",
  446.                 "fstype": "xfs",
  447.                 "inode_available": 523962,
  448.                 "inode_total": 524288,
  449.                 "inode_used": 326,
  450.                 "mount": "/boot",
  451.                 "options": "rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota",
  452.                 "size_available": 933621760,
  453.                 "size_total": 1063256064,
  454.                 "uuid": "8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd"
  455.             },
  456.             {
  457.                 "block_available": 69275,
  458.                 "block_size": 262144,
  459.                 "block_total": 73684,
  460.                 "block_used": 4409,
  461.                 "device": "10.0.0.31:/data",
  462.                 "fstype": "nfs4",
  463.                 "inode_available": 9409536,
  464.                 "inode_total": 9436672,
  465.                 "inode_used": 27136,
  466.                 "mount": "/opt",
  467.                 "options": "rw,relatime,vers=4.1,rsize=262144,wsize=262144,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,port=0,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,clientaddr=10.0.0.7,local_lock=none,addr=10.0.0.31",
  468.                 "size_available": 18160025600,
  469.                 "size_total": 19315818496,
  470.                 "uuid": "N/A"
  471.             },
  472.             {
  473.                 "block_available": 4354375,
  474.                 "block_size": 4096,
  475.                 "block_total": 4715776,
  476.                 "block_used": 361401,
  477.                 "device": "/dev/sda3",
  478.                 "fstype": "xfs",
  479.                 "inode_available": 9403419,
  480.                 "inode_total": 9436672,
  481.                 "inode_used": 33253,
  482.                 "mount": "/",
  483.                 "options": "rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota",
  484.                 "size_available": 17835520000,
  485.                 "size_total": 19315818496,
  486.                 "uuid": "7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"
  487.             }
  488.         ],
  489.         "ansible_nodename": "web01",
  490.         "ansible_os_family": "RedHat",
  491.         "ansible_pkg_mgr": "yum",
  492.         "ansible_proc_cmdline": {
  493.             "BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64",
  494.             "LANG": "en_US.UTF-8",
  495.             "biosdevname": "0",
  496.             "net.ifnames": "0",
  497.             "quiet": true,
  498.             "rhgb": true,
  499.             "ro": true,
  500.             "root": "UUID=7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"
  501.         },
  502.         "ansible_processor": [
  503.             "0",
  504.             "GenuineIntel",
  505.             "Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8850H CPU @ 2.60GHz"
  506.         ],
  507.         "ansible_processor_cores": 1,
  508.         "ansible_processor_count": 1,
  509.         "ansible_processor_threads_per_core": 1,
  510.         "ansible_processor_vcpus": 1,
  511.         "ansible_product_name": "VMware Virtual Platform",
  512.         "ansible_product_serial": "VMware-56 4d a5 a2 9d f3 51 25-4d 67 a8 58 f8 f8 98 80",
  513.         "ansible_product_uuid": "A2A54D56-F39D-2551-4D67-A858F8F89880",
  514.         "ansible_product_version": "None",
  515.         "ansible_python": {
  516.             "executable": "/usr/bin/python",
  517.             "has_sslcontext": true,
  518.             "type": "CPython",
  519.             "version": {
  520.                 "major": 2,
  521.                 "micro": 5,
  522.                 "minor": 7,
  523.                 "releaselevel": "final",
  524.                 "serial": 0
  525.             },
  526.             "version_info": [
  527.                 2,
  528.                 7,
  529.                 5,
  530.                 "final",
  531.                 0
  532.             ]
  533.         },
  534.         "ansible_python_version": "2.7.5",
  535.         "ansible_real_group_id": 0,
  536.         "ansible_real_user_id": 0,
  537.         "ansible_selinux": {
  538.             "config_mode": "disabled",
  539.             "mode": "permissive",
  540.             "policyvers": 31,
  541.             "status": "enabled",
  542.             "type": "targeted"
  543.         },
  544.         "ansible_selinux_python_present": true,
  545.         "ansible_service_mgr": "systemd",
  546.         "ansible_ssh_host_key_ecdsa_public": "AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBAiDBJtsjcCuaEVqC4e2tPeN3X7FbSfbWq4gDx65v5AX8yPzZcufMmv0yydrCvbkb3HhMGqVJ7oNMioQdyqiu8Q=",
  547.         "ansible_ssh_host_key_ed25519_public": "AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIBVg0/vQDn4AFzoNyeGcB61Jr3a+Cv3hu36XOW+BAgv+",
  548.         "ansible_ssh_host_key_rsa_public": "AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC4PhQf/9RtL4kuFejVDjQoT8ng10Wdf5SA884Nu9l5wfrBLTVpKUusox5g4lU9+cuYicZiEYmasvxQbACsI90OybLUs26eUymRMtYQiS+N9Mfz0I+CLSssIEtUd5nplNoaPLM7dvgej1YxzLoz8mF6XkwhTLCd3nnye/YxuYYecGNZRCi2q6mkMYjO0HuHtqeSyoK+gPB2so7p7QrC3kcYbgblKfztDDUJ11tmYTBQJdDm7+ICztFjiwyWsnOvbItpOyI2M6neDkN8KCqoDwDYKCbXSbs6uamWkInlz03G9LGuIf+B/rhG6pmFVxG3Ac9h1tS5b6H2DJRMxQR+Vf5/",
  549.         "ansible_swapfree_mb": 1023,
  550.         "ansible_swaptotal_mb": 1023,
  551.         "ansible_system": "Linux",
  552.         "ansible_system_capabilities": [
  553.             "cap_chown",
  554.             "cap_dac_override",
  555.             "cap_dac_read_search",
  556.             "cap_fowner",
  557.             "cap_fsetid",
  558.             "cap_kill",
  559.             "cap_setgid",
  560.             "cap_setuid",
  561.             "cap_setpcap",
  562.             "cap_linux_immutable",
  563.             "cap_net_bind_service",
  564.             "cap_net_broadcast",
  565.             "cap_net_admin",
  566.             "cap_net_raw",
  567.             "cap_ipc_lock",
  568.             "cap_ipc_owner",
  569.             "cap_sys_module",
  570.             "cap_sys_rawio",
  571.             "cap_sys_chroot",
  572.             "cap_sys_ptrace",
  573.             "cap_sys_pacct",
  574.             "cap_sys_admin",
  575.             "cap_sys_boot",
  576.             "cap_sys_nice",
  577.             "cap_sys_resource",
  578.             "cap_sys_time",
  579.             "cap_sys_tty_config",
  580.             "cap_mknod",
  581.             "cap_lease",
  582.             "cap_audit_write",
  583.             "cap_audit_control",
  584.             "cap_setfcap",
  585.             "cap_mac_override",
  586.             "cap_mac_admin",
  587.             "cap_syslog",
  588.             "35",
  589.             "36+ep"
  590.         ],
  591.         "ansible_system_capabilities_enforced": "True",
  592.         "ansible_system_vendor": "VMware, Inc.",
  593.         "ansible_uptime_seconds": 96743,
  594.         "ansible_user_dir": "/root",
  595.         "ansible_user_gecos": "root",
  596.         "ansible_user_gid": 0,
  597.         "ansible_user_id": "root",
  598.         "ansible_user_shell": "/bin/bash",
  599.         "ansible_user_uid": 0,
  600.         "ansible_userspace_architecture": "x86_64",
  601.         "ansible_userspace_bits": "64",
  602.         "ansible_virtualization_role": "guest",
  603.         "ansible_virtualization_type": "VMware",
  604.         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python",
  605.         "gather_subset": [
  606.             "all"
  607.         ],
  608.         "module_setup": true
  609.     },
  610.     "changed": false
  611. }
  1. 获取IP地址(使用setup获取的信息，指定对应的小标题获取指定的信息)
  1. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_default_ipv4'
  2. web01 | SUCCESS => {
  3.     "ansible_facts": {
  4.         "ansible_default_ipv4": {
  5.             "address": "10.0.0.7",
  6.             "alias": "eth0",
  7.             "broadcast": "10.0.0.255",
  8.             "gateway": "10.0.0.2",
  9.             "interface": "eth0",
  10.             "macaddress": "00:0c:29:f8:98:80",
  11.             "mtu": 1500,
  12.             "netmask": "255.255.255.0",
  13.             "network": "10.0.0.0",
  14.             "type": "ether"
  15.         },
  16.         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
  17.     },
  18.     "changed": false
  19. }
  1. 获取主机名
  1. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_fqdn'
  2. web01 | SUCCESS => {
  3.     "ansible_facts": {
  4.         "ansible_fqdn": "web01",
  5.         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
  6.     },
  7.     "changed": false
  8. }
  1. 获取内存信息
  1. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_memory_mb'
  2. web01 | SUCCESS => {
  3.     "ansible_facts": {
  4.         "ansible_memory_mb": {
  5.             "nocache": {
  6.                 "free": 1622,
  7.                 "used": 360
  8.             },
  9.             "real": {
  10.                 "free": 1068,
  11.                 "total": 1982,
  12.                 "used": 914
  13.             },
  14.             "swap": {
  15.                 "cached": 0,
  16.                 "free": 1023,
  17.                 "total": 1023,
  18.                 "used": 0
  19.             }
  20.         },
  21.         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
  22.     },
  23.     "changed": false
  24. }
  1. 获取磁盘信息
  1. web01 | SUCCESS => {
  2.     "ansible_facts": {
  3.         "ansible_memory_mb": {
  4.             "nocache": {
  5.                 "free": 1622,
  6.                 "used": 360
  7.             },
  8.             "real": {
  9.                 "free": 1068,
  10.                 "total": 1982,
  11.                 "used": 914
  12.             },
  13.             "swap": {
  14.                 "cached": 0,
  15.                 "free": 1023,
  16.                 "total": 1023,
  17.                 "used": 0
  18.             }
  19.         },
  20.         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
  21.     },
  22.     "changed": false
  23. }
  24. [root@m01 ~]# ansible_devices^C
  25. [root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_devices'
  26. web01 | SUCCESS => {
  27.     "ansible_facts": {
  28.         "ansible_devices": {
  29.             "sda": {
  30.                 "holders": [],
  31.                 "host": "SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI (rev 01)",
  32.                 "links": {
  33.                     "ids": [],
  34.                     "labels": [],
  35.                     "masters": [],
  36.                     "uuids": []
  37.                 },
  38.                 "model": "VMware Virtual S",
  39.                 "partitions": {
  40.                     "sda1": {
  41.                         "holders": [],
  42.                         "links": {
  43.                             "ids": [],
  44.                             "labels": [],
  45.                             "masters": [],
  46.                             "uuids": [
  47.                                 "8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd"
  48.                             ]
  49.                         },
  50.                         "sectors": "2097152",
  51.                         "sectorsize": 512,
  52.                         "size": "1.00 GB",
  53.                         "start": "2048",
  54.                         "uuid": "8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd"
  55.                     },
  56.                     "sda2": {
  57.                         "holders": [],
  58.                         "links": {
  59.                             "ids": [],
  60.                             "labels": [],
  61.                             "masters": [],
  62.                             "uuids": [
  63.                                 "9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5"
  64.                             ]
  65.                         },
  66.                         "sectors": "2097152",
  67.                         "sectorsize": 512,
  68.                         "size": "1.00 GB",
  69.                         "start": "2099200",
  70.                         "uuid": "9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5"
  71.                     },
  72.                     "sda3": {
  73.                         "holders": [],
  74.                         "links": {
  75.                             "ids": [],
  76.                             "labels": [],
  77.                             "masters": [],
  78.                             "uuids": [
  79.                                 "7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"
  80.                             ]
  81.                         },
  82.                         "sectors": "37746688",
  83.                         "sectorsize": 512,
  84.                         "size": "18.00 GB",
  85.                         "start": "4196352",
  86.                         "uuid": "7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"
  87.                     }
  88.                 },
  89.                 "removable": "0",
  90.                 "rotational": "1",
  91.                 "sas_address": null,
  92.                 "sas_device_handle": null,
  93.                 "scheduler_mode": "deadline",
  94.                 "sectors": "41943040",
  95.                 "sectorsize": "512",
  96.                 "size": "20.00 GB",
  97.                 "support_discard": "0",
  98.                 "vendor": "VMware,",
  99.                 "virtual": 1
  100.             },
  101.             "sr0": {
  102.                 "holders": [],
  103.                 "host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)",
  104.                 "links": {
  105.                     "ids": [
  106.                         "ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_00000000000000000001"
  107.                     ],
  108.                     "labels": [],
  109.                     "masters": [],
  110.                     "uuids": []
  111.                 },
  112.                 "model": "VMware IDE CDR00",
  113.                 "partitions": {},
  114.                 "removable": "1",
  115.                 "rotational": "1",
  116.                 "sas_address": null,
  117.                 "sas_device_handle": null,
  118.                 "scheduler_mode": "deadline",
  119.                 "sectors": "2097151",
  120.                 "sectorsize": "512",
  121.                 "size": "1024.00 MB",
  122.                 "support_discard": "0",
  123.                 "vendor": "NECVMWar",
  124.                 "virtual": 1
  125.             },
  126.             "sr1": {
  127.                 "holders": [],
  128.                 "host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)",
  129.                 "links": {
  130.                     "ids": [
  131.                         "ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001"
  132.                     ],
  133.                     "labels": [],
  134.                     "masters": [],
  135.                     "uuids": []
  136.                 },
  137.                 "model": "VMware IDE CDR10",
  138.                 "partitions": {},
  139.                 "removable": "1",
  140.                 "rotational": "1",
  141.                 "sas_address": null,
  142.                 "sas_device_handle": null,
  143.                 "scheduler_mode": "deadline",
  144.                 "sectors": "2097151",
  145.                 "sectorsize": "512",
  146.                 "size": "1024.00 MB",
  147.                 "support_discard": "0",
  148.                 "vendor": "NECVMWar",
  149.                 "virtual": 1
  150.             }
  151.         },
  152.         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
  153.     },
  154.     "changed": false
  155. }
  1. 其他信息参数
  1. ansible_all_ipv4_addresses：仅显示ipv4的信息。
  2. ansible_devices：仅显示磁盘设备信息。
  3. ansible_distribution：显示是什么系统，例：centos,suse等。
  4. ansible_distribution_major_version：显示是系统主版本。
  5. ansible_distribution_version：仅显示系统版本。
  6. ansible_machine：显示系统类型，例：32位，还是64位。
  7. ansible_eth0：仅显示eth0的信息。
  8. ansible_hostname：仅显示主机名。
  9. ansible_kernel：仅显示内核版本。
  10. ansible_lvm：显示lvm相关信息。
  11. ansible_memtotal_mb：显示系统总内存。
  12. ansible_memfree_mb：显示可用系统内存。
  13. ansible_memory_mb：详细显示内存情况。
  14. ansible_swaptotal_mb：显示总的swap内存。
  15. ansible_swapfree_mb：显示swap内存的可用内存。
  16. ansible_mounts：显示系统磁盘挂载情况。
  17. ansible_processor：显示cpu个数(具体显示每个cpu的型号)。
  18. ansible_processor_vcpus：显示cpu个数(只显示总的个数)。

此处匹配规则支持通配符，后面我们在使用playbook的时候，会针对这些内置变量参考使用。

Ansible示例

一键部署rsync，nfs，nginx，httpd，上传作业代码

  1. m01配置密钥登录
  1. [root@m01 ~]# yum install -y ansible
  2. # 创建密钥对
  3. [root@m01 ~]# ssh-keygen
  4. # 推送公钥
  5. [root@m01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.4
  6. [root@m01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.5
  7. [root@m01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.6
  8. [root@m01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.7
  9. [root@m01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.8
  10. [root@m01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.9
  11. [root@m01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.31
  12. [root@m01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.41
  13. [root@m01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.51
  14. [root@m01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.1.61
  1. 编写主机清单
  1. [web_group]
  2. web01 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.7
  3. web02 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.8
  5. [db_group]
  6. db01 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.51
  8. [nfs_group]
  9. nfs ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.31
  11. [backup_group]
  12. backup ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.41
  14. [lb_group]
  15. lb01 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.5
  16. lb02 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.6
  18. [rsync_server:children]
  19. nfs_group
  20. backup_group
  22. [nfs_server:children]
  23. web_group
  24. nfs_group
  26. [lnmp_server:children]
  27. web_group
  28. lb_group
  1. 编写脚本测试
  1. #!/bin/bash
  3. # 创建用户及组
  4. ansible 'all' -m group -a 'name=www gid=666 state=present' &&\
  5. ansible 'all' -m user -a 'name=www uid=666 group=www state=present shell=/sbin/nologin create_home=false' &&\
  7. # 部署httpd服务
  8. ansible 'web_group' -m yum -a 'name=httpd,php state=present' &&\
  9. # 替换http服务启动用户及组
  10. ansible 'web_group' -m shell -a "sed -i '/^User/c User www' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf" &&\
  11. ansible 'web_group' -m shell -a "sed -i '/^Group/c Group www' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf" &&\
  12. # 启动httpd服务
  13. ansible 'web_group' -m systemd -a 'name=httpd  state=started enabled=yes' &&\
  15. # 上传代码，并修改图片路径
  16. ansible 'web_group' -m copy -a 'src=/root/httpd_file/ dest=/var/www/html/ owner=www group=www '
  17. # 远程推送作业代码
  18. ansible 'web_group' -m file -a 'path=/var/www/html/uploads state=directory owner=www group=www' &&\
  20. # 部署nfs服务
  21. ansible 'nfs_server' -m yum -a 'name=nfs-utils  state=present' &&\
  22. # 推送nfs服务配置文件
  23. ansible 'nfs_group' -m copy -a 'content="/data 172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid=666,anongid=666)" dest=/etc/exports' &&\
  24. # 启动nfs服务并开机自启
  25. ansible 'nfs_server' -m systemd -a 'name=nfs-server  state=started enabled=yes' &&\
  27. # 远程下载rsync服务
  28. ansible 'rsync_server' -m yum -a 'name=rsync  state=present' &&\
  29. # 推送rsync配置文件
  30. ansible 'backup_group' -m copy -a 'src=/root/rsync_file   dest=/etc/rsyncd.conf' &&\
  31. # 推送密码文件至rsync服务端
  32. ansible 'backup_group' -m copy -a 'content=rsync_backup:123 dest=/etc/rsync.passwd mode=0600' &&\
  33. # 推送密码文件至rsync客户端
  34. ansible 'nfs_group' -m copy -a 'content=123 dest=/etc/rsync.pass mode=0600' &&\
  35. # 启动rsync服务，并加入开机自启
  36. ansible 'rsync_server' -m systemd -a 'name=rsyncd  state=started enabled=yes' &&\
  38. # 远程下载mariadb服务
  39. ansible 'db_group' -m yum -a 'name=mariadb-server  state=present' &&\
  40. # 启动并加入开机自启
  41. ansible 'db_group' -m systemd -a 'name=mariadb  state=started enabled=yes' &&\
  43. # 推送nginx官方源
  44. ansible 'lnmp_server' -m copy -a 'src=/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/' &&\
  45. # 远程下载nginx
  46. ansible 'lnmp_server' -m yum -a 'name=nginx state=present' &&\
  47. # 远程修改nginx配置文件
  48. ansible 'lnmp_server' -m shell -a "sed -i '/^user/c user www;' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf" &&\
  49. # 启动nginx
  50. ansible 'lnmp_server' -m systemd -a 'name=nginx  state=started enabled=yes'
  1. 编写脚本所需配置文件
  1. [root@m01 ~]# vim /root/rsync_file
  2. uid = www
  3. gid = www
  4. port = 873
  5. fake super = yes
  6. use chroot = no
  7. max connections = 200
  8. timeout = 600
  9. ignore errors
  10. read only = false
  11. list = false
  12. auth users = rsync_backup
  13. secrets file = /etc/rsync.passwd
  14. log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
  15. #####################################
  16. [backup]
  17. comment = welcome to oldboyedu backup!
  18. path = /backup
  19. [data]
  20. comment = welcome to oldboyedu nfs!
  21. path = /data
  23. # 传作业压缩包到目录里，并解压修改上传图片路径
  24. [root@m01 ~]# cd httpd_file 
  26. # 创建nginx官方源
  27. [root@m01 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
  28. [nginx]
  29. name=nginx repo
  30. baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
  31. gpgcheck=0
  32. enabled=1
  1. 执行脚本

    测试：web上http服务，上传作业代码

测试：lb上nginx服务

测试：测试db上mysql服务

测试：nfs服务

测试：rsync服务

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