Unity（IOC）学习笔记

文章目录

Unity（IOC）学习笔记

1.IOC
2.Unity
3.Unity中实现AOP

1.IOC

在介绍如何在程序中使用Unity之前，首先说一下什么是IOC：

IOC是Inversion of Control的缩写，被翻译为控制反转，是一种全新的设计模式，用来削减计算机程序的耦合问题，把程序上层对下层的依赖，转移到第三方的容器来装配。控制反转一般分为两种类型，依赖注入（Dependency Injection，简称DI）和依赖查找（Dependency Lookup）。依赖注入应用比较广泛。

实现Ioc的框架有很多，比如astle Windsor、Unity、Spring.NET、StructureMap，我们这里学习使用微软提供的Unity。

2.Unity

下面介绍如何在程序中使用Unity：

第一步：

首先在Nuget添加Unity包，引用→右键→管理Nuget程序包，要实现AOP必须也添加下面的Unity.Interception包

这里添加Unity版本为5.5.6，Unity.Abstractions版本3.1.3，Unity.Interception版本5.3.1

第二步：

程序中添加一个配置文件的文件夹ConfigFiles，添加配置文件：

第三步：

配置文件：文件结构为

具体配置为：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>

<configuration>

  <configSections>

    <section name="unity" type="Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Configuration.UnityConfigurationSection, Unity.Configuration"/>

  </configSections>

  <unity>

    <sectionExtension type="Microsoft.Practices.Unity.InterceptionExtension.Configuration.InterceptionConfigurationExtension, Unity.Interception.Configuration"/>

    <containers>

      <container name="testContainer">

        <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.ApplePhone, MyServices"/>

        <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.AndroidPhone, MyServices" name="Android"/>

        <register type="MyInterface.IMicrophone, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Microphone, MyServices"/>

        <register type="MyInterface.IHeadphone, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Headphone, MyServices"/>

        <register type="MyInterface.IPower, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Power, MyServices"/>

      </container>

      <container name="testContainerAOP">

        <extension type="Interception"/>

        <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.ApplePhone, MyServices">

          <interceptor type="InterfaceInterceptor"/>

          <interceptionBehavior type="MyFramework.LogBehavior, MyFramework"/>

          <lifetime type="transient" />

          <!--<constructor>

            <param name="pubContext" type="IPubContext" />

            <param name="id" type="System.Int32" value="3" />

          </constructor>-->

        </register>

        <register type="MyInterface.IMicrophone, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Microphone, MyServices"/>

        <register type="MyInterface.IHeadphone, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Headphone, MyServices"/>

        <register type="MyInterface.IPower, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Power, MyServices"/>

        <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.AndroidPhone, MyServices" name="android"/>

        <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.ApplePhone, MyServices" name="apple"/>

      </container>

    </containers>

  </unity>

</configuration>

这里注册了两个Unity容器“testContainer”，“testContainerAOP”，后者是带有AOP的。

解释一下这个register：

 <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.ApplePhone, MyServices"/>

MyInterface.IPhone：表示抽象接口的IPhone抽象类。

MyInterface为抽象类命名空间，即dll名称

MyServices.ApplePhone：表示实现的具体的ApplePhone类。

MyServices：为具体实现类命名空间，即dll名称

第四步：

Unity在程序中使用方式，这里是用配置文件：

1.首先要添加System.Configuration的引用（引用右键→添加引用→框架）：

2.找配置文件的路径

   ExeConfigurationFileMap fileMap = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();

            fileMap.ExeConfigFilename = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + "CfgFiles\\Unity.Config");//找配置文件的路径

这里要注意吧Unity.config文件修改为始终复制：

3. 声明容器IUnityContainer

IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer();

 section.Configure(container, "testContainer");

4.Resolve解析类型对象

IPhone phone = container.Resolve<IPhone>();

phone.Call();

IPhone android = container.Resolve<IPhone>("Android");

android.Call();

这里要说一下通过命名注册来区分生成的不同对象实例，即上面的"Android"，在配置文件中是这样注册的：

  <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.AndroidPhone, MyServices" name="Android"/>

5.将MyServices编译生成的dll拷贝到项目文件的Bin/debug文件夹。

6.在项目中添加对接口的引用：

具体代码：

  static void Main(string[] args)

        {

            {

                //通过配置文件

                ExeConfigurationFileMap fileMap = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();

                fileMap.ExeConfigFilename = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + "ConfigFiles\\Unity.Config");//找配置文件的路径

                Configuration configuration = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(fileMap, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);

                UnityConfigurationSection section = (UnityConfigurationSection)configuration.GetSection(UnityConfigurationSection.SectionName);

                IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer();

                section.Configure(container, "testContainer");

                container.AddNewExtension<Interception>().Configure<Interception>()

               .SetInterceptorFor<IPhone>(new InterfaceInterceptor());

                IPhone phone = container.Resolve<IPhone>();

                phone.Call();

                IPhone android = container.Resolve<IPhone>("Android");

                android.Call();

            }

        }

3.Unity中实现AOP

1.首先添加一个LogBehavior 的类，用来实现记录日志功能。

先要添加在Myframwork类库添加Unity，版本一样，以免冲突。然后继承IInterceptionBehavior接口。

public class LogBehavior: IInterceptionBehavior

    {

        public IEnumerable<Type> GetRequiredInterfaces()

        {

            return Type.EmptyTypes;

        }

        public IMethodReturn Invoke(IMethodInvocation input, GetNextInterceptionBehaviorDelegate getNext)

        {

            Console.WriteLine("LogBehavior before");

            IMethodReturn method = getNext()(input, getNext);

            Console.WriteLine("LogBehavior after");

            return method;

        }

        public bool WillExecute

        {

            get { return true; }

        }

    }

2.在配置文件中配置：

<configuration>

  <configSections>

    <section name="unity" type="Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Configuration.UnityConfigurationSection, Unity.Configuration"/>

  </configSections>

  <unity>

    <sectionExtension type="Microsoft.Practices.Unity.InterceptionExtension.Configuration.InterceptionConfigurationExtension, Unity.Interception.Configuration"/>

    <containers>

      <container name="testContainer">

        <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.ApplePhone, MyServices"/>

        <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.AndroidPhone, MyServices" name="Android"/>

        <register type="MyInterface.IMicrophone, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Microphone, MyServices"/>

        <register type="MyInterface.IHeadphone, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Headphone, MyServices"/>

        <register type="MyInterface.IPower, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Power, MyServices"/>

      </container>

      <container name="testContainerAOP">

        <extension type="Interception"/>

        <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.ApplePhone, MyServices">

          <interceptor type="InterfaceInterceptor"/>

          <interceptionBehavior type="Myframework.LogBehavior, Myframework"/>

          <lifetime type="transient" />

        </register>

        <register type="MyInterface.IMicrophone, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Microphone, MyServices"/>

        <register type="MyInterface.IHeadphone, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Headphone, MyServices"/>

        <register type="MyInterface.IPower, MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.Power, MyServices"/>

        <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.AndroidPhone, MyServices" name="android"/>

        <register type="MyInterface.IPhone,MyInterface" mapTo="MyServices.ApplePhone, MyServices" name="apple"/>

      </container>

    </containers>

  </unity>

</configuration>

3.将Myframwork编译生成的dll拷贝到项目文件的Bin/debug文件夹。

4.在程序中使用：

 ExeConfigurationFileMap fileMap = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();

                fileMap.ExeConfigFilename = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + "ConfigFiles\\Unity.Config");//找配置文件的路径

                Configuration configuration = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(fileMap, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);

                UnityConfigurationSection section = (UnityConfigurationSection)configuration.GetSection(UnityConfigurationSection.SectionName);

                IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer();

                section.Configure(container, "testContainerAOP");

                IPhone phone = container.Resolve<IPhone>();

                phone.Call();

5.运行效果：