https://linux.cn/article-4682-1.html

Smartctl(S.M.A.R.T 自监控,分析和报告技术)是类Unix系统下实施SMART任务命令行套件或工具,它用于打印SMART自检和错误日志,启用并禁用SMRAT自动检测,以及初始化设备自检。

Smartctl对于Linux物理服务器十分有用,在这些服务器上,可以对智能磁盘进行错误检查,并将与硬件RAID相关的磁盘信息摘录下来。

在本帖中,我们将讨论smartctl命令的一些实用样例。如果你的Linux上海没有安装smartctl,请按以下步骤来安装。

安装 Smartctl

对于 Ubuntu

  1. $ sudo apt-get install smartmontools

对于 CentOS & RHEL

  1. # yum install smartmontools

启动Smartctl服务

对于 Ubuntu

  1. $ sudo /etc/init.d/smartmontools start

对于 CentOS & RHEL

  1. # service smartd start ; chkconfig smartd on

样例

样例:1 检查磁盘的 Smart 功能是否启用

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -i /dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
  3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
  4. === START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
  5. Model Family: Seagate Momentus 5400.6
  6. Device Model: ST9320325AS
  7. Serial Number: 5VD2V59T
  8. LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 020a37ec4
  9. Firmware Version: 0002BSM1
  10. User Capacity: 320,072,933,376 bytes [320 GB]
  11. Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
  12. Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
  13. Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
  14. ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
  15. SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 1.5 Gb/s
  16. Local Time is: Sun Nov 16 12:32:09 2014 IST
  17. SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
  18. SMART support is: Enabled

这里‘/dev/sdb’是你的硬盘。上面输出中的最后两行显示了SMART功能已启用。

样例:2 启用磁盘的 Smart 功能

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s on /dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
  3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
  4. === START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
  5. SMART Enabled.

样例:3 禁用磁盘的 Smart 功能

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s off /dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
  3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
  4. === START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
  5. SMART Disabled. Use option -s with argument 'on' to enable it.

样例:4 显示磁盘的详细 Smart 信息

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a /dev/sdb // For IDE drive
  2. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sdb // For SATA drive

样例:5 显示磁盘总体健康状况

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -H /dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
  3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
  4. === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
  5. SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
  6. Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.
  7. Please note the following marginal Attributes:
  8. ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  9. 190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 067 045 045 Old_age Always In_the_past 33 (Min/Max 25/33)

样例:6 使用long和short选项测试硬盘

Long测试

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
  3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
  4. === START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
  5. Sending command: "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
  6. Drive command "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
  7. Testing has begun.
  8. Please wait 102 minutes for test to complete.
  9. Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 14:29:43 2014
  10. Use smartctl -X to abort test.

或者,我们可以重定向测试输出到日志文件,就像下面这样

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb > /var/log/long.text

Short测试

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
  3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
  4. === START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
  5. Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
  6. Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
  7. Testing has begun.
  8. Please wait 1 minutes for test to complete.
  9. Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 12:51:45 2014
  10. Use smartctl -X to abort test.

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb > /var/log/short.text

注意:short测试将花费最多2分钟,而在long测试中没有时间限制,因为它会读取并验证磁盘的每个段。

样例:7 查看驱动器的自检结果

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
  3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
  4. === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
  5. SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
  6. Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
  7. # 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 492 210841222
  8. # 2 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 492 210841222

样例:8 计算测试时间估值

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -c /dev/sdb
  2. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
  3. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
  4. === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
  5. General SMART Values:
  6. Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
  7. was never started.
  8. Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
  9. Self-test execution status: ( 121) The previous self-test completed having
  10. the read element of the test failed.
  11. Total time to complete Offline
  12. data collection: ( 0) seconds.
  13. Offline data collection
  14. capabilities: (0x73) SMART execute Offline immediate.
  15. Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
  16. Suspend Offline collection upon new
  17. command.
  18. No Offline surface scan supported.
  19. Self-test supported.
  20. Conveyance Self-test supported.
  21. Selective Self-test supported.
  22. SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
  23. power-saving mode.
  24. Supports SMART auto save timer.
  25. Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
  26. General Purpose Logging supported.
  27. Short self-test routine
  28. recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
  29. Extended self-test routine
  30. recommended polling time: ( 102) minutes.
  31. Conveyance self-test routine
  32. recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
  33. SCT capabilities: (0x103b) SCT Status supported.
  34. SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
  35. SCT Feature Control supported.
  36. SCT Data Table supported.

样例:9 显示磁盘错误日志

  1. root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l error /dev/sdb
  2. Sample Output
  3. smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
  4. Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
  5. === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
  6. SMART Error Log Version: 1
  7. ATA Error Count: 5
  8. CR = Command Register [HEX]
  9. FR = Features Register [HEX]
  10. SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
  11. SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
  12. CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
  13. CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
  14. DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
  15. DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
  16. ER = Error register [HEX]
  17. ST = Status register [HEX]
  18. Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
  19. DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
  20. SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
  21. Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  22. CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
  23. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
  24. 25 da 08 e7 e5 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.515 READ DMA EXT
  25. 25 da 08 df e5 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.514 READ DMA EXT
  26. 25 da 80 5f e5 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.502 READ DMA EXT
  27. 25 da f0 5f e6 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.496 READ DMA EXT
  28. 25 da 10 4f e6 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.383 READ DMA EXT

via: http://www.linuxtechi.com/smartctl-monitoring-analysis-tool-hard-drive/

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