Openstack api 学习文档 & restclient使用文档

Openstack api 学习文档 & restclient使用文档

转载请注明http://www.cnblogs.com/juandx/p/4943409.html

这篇文档总结一下我初步学习Openstack的api，并且趁这个机会学习一下Firefox的restclient客户端。

一、使用curl命名来使用openstack的api

当然，首先你得有个openstack的环境，我是自己搭建的kilo，我们先用curl来使用api，注意自己改一下ip还有用户名和密码，下面这个命令就会得到一个令牌(token)来使用，以后调用api就需要使用这个令牌。

curl -k -X 'POST' -v http://controller_ip:5000/v2.0/tokens -d '{"auth":{"passwordCredentials":{"username": "ADMIN", "password":"MY_PASSWORD"}}}' -H 'Content-type: application/json' | python -mjson.tool

这样后会得到如下的json数据

{
    "access": {
        "metadata": {
            "is_admin": 0,
            "roles": []
        },
        "serviceCatalog": [],
        "token": {
            "audit_ids": [
                "WPon6i60TamUfqcsPV2oVg"
            ],
            "expires": "2015-11-06T11:19:19Z",
            "id": "bc422dc370324535a64699640f50a3ab",//这个id就是令牌(token)
            "issued_at": "2015-11-06T10:19:19.559266"
        },
        "user": {
            "id": "9c20d9fe21a14741ac1486b2db058bd5",
            "name": "admin",
            "roles": [],
            "roles_links": [],
            "username": "admin"
        }
    }
}

下面得到这个用户的所有项目(tenant)，注意下面的token就是刚刚得到的那个令牌

curl -X 'GET' -H  "X-Auth-Token:bc422dc370324535a64699640f50a3ab" -v http://controller_ip:5000/v2.0/tenants | python -mjson.tool

这里面得到这个用户的项目(tenant)

{
    "tenants": [
        {
            "description": null,
            "enabled": true,
            "id": "92afd13a680645c191a2aab7422a7a3b",
            "name": "AIM"
        },
        {
            "description": null,
            "enabled": true,
            "id": "b3457999de4d4add99e89f4f299f5857",
            "name": "ECM"
        },
        {
            "description": "Admin Project",
            "enabled": true,
            "id": "de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60",
            "name": "admin"
        },
        {
            "description": null,
            "enabled": true,
            "id": "f3c1015ff67e4cd18b022b9b51eb1123",
            "name": "IM"
        },
        {
            "description": null,
            "enabled": true,
            "id": "fae79b8f91b944b985d2b35373cf9bb2",
            "name": "Commerce"
        }
    ],
    "tenants_links": []
}

可以看到我这里ADMIN用户总共有5个tenant，我们选取一个即可，就选取名为admin的项目，id看到为de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60

接下来我们去一个项目(tenant)看看它的虚拟机、等信息。

首先需要得到这个tenant的令牌信息，注意这个token和上面的那个不一样

curl -k -X 'POST' -v http://controller_ip:5000/v2.0/tokens -d '{"auth":{"passwordCredentials":{"username": "ADMIN", "password":"MY_PASSWORD"},"tenantId":"de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60"}}' -H 'Content-type: application/json' | python -mjson.tool

注意这里看到用户名和密码还是和之前一样，但是多了一个tenantId的字段，这里说明了我们需要的是ADMIN用户下的这个项目的令牌，得到如下信息：

{
    "access": {
        "metadata": {
            "is_admin": 0,
            "roles": [
                "cf87d1b66b044cdd94972d72d6e4d474"
            ]
        },
        "serviceCatalog": [
            {
                "endpoints": [
                    {
                        "adminURL": "http://controller:9292",
                        "id": "5f892fde3a2241c989355cdd6beea4b5",
                        "internalURL": "http://controller:9292",
                        "publicURL": "http://controller:9292",
                        "region": "RegionOne"
                    }
                ],
                "endpoints_links": [],
                "name": "glance",
                "type": "image"
            },
            {
                "endpoints": [
                    {
                        "adminURL": "http://controller:8774/v2/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60",
                        "id": "0c52d8a741f740a6b83be51ae7082b62",
                        "internalURL": "http://controller:8774/v2/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60",
                        "publicURL": "http://controller:8774/v2/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60",
                        "region": "RegionOne"
                    }
                ],
                "endpoints_links": [],
                "name": "nova",
                "type": "compute"
            },
            {
                "endpoints": [
                    {
                        "adminURL": "http://controller:9696",
                        "id": "3d70017df8ee40d698988ad52b25cc8e",
                        "internalURL": "http://controller:9696",
                        "publicURL": "http://controller:9696",
                        "region": "RegionOne"
                    }
                ],
                "endpoints_links": [],
                "name": "neutron",
                "type": "network"
            },
            {
                "endpoints": [
                    {
                        "adminURL": "http://controller:35357/v2.0",
                        "id": "23bb295b14554d2b89535d67632e7c60",
                        "internalURL": "http://controller:5000/v2.0",
                        "publicURL": "http://controller:5000/v2.0",
                        "region": "RegionOne"
                    }
                ],
                "endpoints_links": [],
                "name": "keystone",
                "type": "identity"
            }
        ],
        "token": {
            "audit_ids": [
                "XNBLV1ohSXensbuHqwTo3Q"
            ],
            "expires": "2015-11-06T11:29:22Z",
            "id": "b1470e1f13284a8b8f979eb652e29db5",
            "issued_at": "2015-11-06T10:29:22.423828",
            "tenant": {
                "description": "Admin Project",
                "enabled": true,
                "id": "de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60",
                "name": "admin"
            }
        },
        "user": {
            "id": "9c20d9fe21a14741ac1486b2db058bd5",
            "name": "admin",
            "roles": [
                {
                    "name": "admin"
                }
            ],
            "roles_links": [],
            "username": "admin"
        }
    }
}

这里面有很多关于这个tenant的信息，其中最重要的是token的id，为b1470e1f13284a8b8f979eb652e29db5，这是我们后面调取api需要的，还有注意de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60是tenant_id。

接下来我们开始看看这个项目里面的虚拟机

curl -v -H "X-Auth-Token:b1470e1f13284a8b8f979eb652e29db5" http://controller_ip:8774/v2/tenant_id/servers

把得到的令牌写好，执行后得到如下信息：

{
    "servers": [
        {
            "id": "098982e0-251d-4306-9171-f4d52674fde3",
            "links": [
                {
                    "href": "http://9.111.222.23:8774/v2/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60/servers/098982e0-251d-4306-9171-f4d52674fde3",
                    "rel": "self"
                },
                {
                    "href": "http://9.111.222.23:8774/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60/servers/098982e0-251d-4306-9171-f4d52674fde3",
                    "rel": "bookmark"
                }
            ],
            "name": "vm2"
        },
        {
            "id": "86baaddc-3c3e-4687-87bc-2e22f53eb7ba",
            "links": [
                {
                    "href": "http://9.111.222.23:8774/v2/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60/servers/86baaddc-3c3e-4687-87bc-2e22f53eb7ba",
                    "rel": "self"
                },
                {
                    "href": "http://9.111.222.23:8774/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60/servers/86baaddc-3c3e-4687-87bc-2e22f53eb7ba",
                    "rel": "bookmark"
                }
            ],
            "name": "vm1"
        }
    ]
}

这里可以明显看到有两个虚拟机，分别为vm1和vm2，这都是我之前创建的。

再看看我的image有哪些

curl -v -H "X-Auth-Token:b1470e1f13284a8b8f979eb652e29db5" http://controller_ip:8774/v2/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60/images | python -mjson.tool

执行后得到以下信息

{
    "images": [
        {
            "id": "cfa488bb-f5aa-4f67-830c-6d84a1b0f062",
            "links": [
                {
                    "href": "http://9.111.222.23:8774/v2/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60/images/cfa488bb-f5aa-4f67-830c-6d84a1b0f062",
                    "rel": "self"
                },
                {
                    "href": "http://9.111.222.23:8774/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60/images/cfa488bb-f5aa-4f67-830c-6d84a1b0f062",
                    "rel": "bookmark"
                },
                {
                    "href": "http://controller:9292/images/cfa488bb-f5aa-4f67-830c-6d84a1b0f062",
                    "rel": "alternate",
                    "type": "application/vnd.openstack.image"
                }
            ],
            "name": "windows7-x86_64-bpm20150724"
        },
        {
            "id": "5c997a18-3f93-41bb-8ce2-724b10d0d418",
            "links": [
                {
                    "href": "http://9.111.222.23:8774/v2/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60/images/5c997a18-3f93-41bb-8ce2-724b10d0d418",
                    "rel": "self"
                },
                {
                    "href": "http://9.111.222.23:8774/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60/images/5c997a18-3f93-41bb-8ce2-724b10d0d418",
                    "rel": "bookmark"
                },
                {
                    "href": "http://controller:9292/images/5c997a18-3f93-41bb-8ce2-724b10d0d418",
                    "rel": "alternate",
                    "type": "application/vnd.openstack.image"
                }
            ],
            "name": "rhel7.1"
        },
        {
            "id": "e1c3cc65-54ae-4a76-9646-2d4dc3b7473b",
            "links": [
                {
                    "href": "http://9.111.222.23:8774/v2/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60/images/e1c3cc65-54ae-4a76-9646-2d4dc3b7473b",
                    "rel": "self"
                },
                {
                    "href": "http://9.111.222.23:8774/de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60/images/e1c3cc65-54ae-4a76-9646-2d4dc3b7473b",
                    "rel": "bookmark"
                },
                {
                    "href": "http://controller:9292/images/e1c3cc65-54ae-4a76-9646-2d4dc3b7473b",
                    "rel": "alternate",
                    "type": "application/vnd.openstack.image"
                }
            ],
            "name": "cirros-0.3.4-x86_64"
        }
    ]
}

可以看到我一共有3个镜像

至此，其他api查看文档进行查看即可，都是相似的方法，这里仅作一个简单介绍。

二、使用火狐firefox 的 restclient 工具来 使用 openstack的api

下面我还尝试了一些Firefox的restclient，来调取api

当然需要打开火狐浏览器安装restclient的插件https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/restclient/，当然使用java的客户端也可以http://code.google.com/p/rest-client/

这里演示两个rest的方法来使用，get和post

先看看post：

我们来取一个ADMIN用户的admin的tenant的令牌。

对比下curl的命令

curl -k -X 'POST' -v http://controller_ip:5000/v2.0/tokens -d '{"auth":{"passwordCredentials":{"username": "ADMIN", "password":"MY_PASSWORD"},"tenantId":"de8f43bfe4244a1aa315a70a43248d60"}}' -H 'Content-type: application/json' | python -mjson.tool

先设置http的header ，name为 Content-Type ，value为 application/json

设置好后输入网址http://controller_ip:5000/v2.0/tokens，并且把要post的json的数据写入到body里面，最后点击按钮SEND即可，可以得到和curl一样的json数据

接下来试试使用get的方法

我们得到了tenant的token，就可以使用get方法获取其虚拟机的信息

注意要先设置token在header中，name为X-Auth-Token，value为token,然后输入网址，选择为get方法，点击SEND即可得到：

其他的api几乎都是get和post的方法，这里简单演示了firefox的restclient的用法，希望大家多多指教

参考资料：

openstack quick start api:http://docs.openstack.org/zh_CN/api/quick-start/content/index.html

openstack api document:http://developer.openstack.org/api-ref.html