（生鲜项目）02. app与model设计

第一步: 设计app

1. 根据业务需求，设计合适的app板块，这里，我们将拥有goods，trade，user_operation, users四个app

2. 然后去注册app

第二步: 设计users.models

1. users.models.py

from datetime import datetime  # 用于addtime字段
 
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
 
# 用户信息，继承django自带的AbstractUser
class UserProfile(AbstractUser):
    # 注册的时候，姓名可以为空
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="姓名")
    birthday = models.DateField(null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="出生年月")
    gender = models.CharField(max_length=6, choices=(("male", "男"), ("female", "女")), default="female",
                              verbose_name="性别")
    # 电话不能为空
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name="电话")
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="邮箱")
 
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "用户"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
 
# 手机验证码，可以放在redis内存中，也可以存在数据库中，这里我们存在数据库中
class VerifyCode(models.Model):
    code = models.CharField(max_length=10, verbose_name="验证码")
    mobile = models.DateField(max_length=11, verbose_name="电话")
    # 千万不要写成datetime.now(),否则在编译的时候就添加时间了
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")
 
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "短信验证码"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.code

2. 千万别忘记这个设置, 有了这个,django才知道你要用自己的user表

settings.py

AUTH_USER_MODEL='users.UserProfile'

第三步: 设计goods.models

首先分析goods需要多少个类,可发现从分类上来看有三类,第一类与第二类是一对多的关系,第二类与第三类也是一对多的关系,因此需要创建三个类,但是这种做法并不灵活,如果以后要改成2个类,或者改成4个类,就很麻烦,这里有一种方法可以实现一个类就可以无限分类的目的

1. goods.models.py

from datetime import datetime
 
from django.db import models
from DjangoUeditor.models import UEditorField
 
# 商品类别
class GoodsCategory(models.Model):
    """
    商品类别
    name 商品中文名
    code 商品英文名
    """
    CATEGORY_TYPE = (
        (1, "一级类目"),
        (2, "二级类目"),
        (3, "三级类目"),
    )
    # help_text 用在后面生成文档中
    name = models.CharField(default="", max_length=30, verbose_name="类别名", help_text="类别名")
    code = models.CharField(default="", max_length=30, verbose_name="类别code", help_text="类别code")
    desc = models.TextField(default="", verbose_name="类别描述", help_text="类别描述")
    category_type = models.IntegerField(choices=CATEGORY_TYPE, verbose_name="类目级别", help_text="类目级别")
    # "self"关键字就可以实现自己外键自己,从而达到无限分类的目的
    parent_category = models.ForeignKey("self", null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="父类目级别", help_text="父类目级别",
                                    # 后面查询的时候会用到related_name
                                    related_name="sub_cat")
    is_tab = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="是否导航", help_text="是否导航")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")
 
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "商品类别"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
 
# 品牌信息
class GoodsCategoryBrand(models.Model):
    """
    品牌名与品牌图片
    """
    # 这个外键指定了哪些类别才拥有品牌信息
    category = models.ForeignKey(GoodsCategory, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="商品类目")
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30, default="", verbose_name="品牌名", help_text="品牌名")
    desc = models.TextField(max_length=200, default="", verbose_name="品牌描述", help_text="品牌描述")
    image = models.ImageField(max_length=200, upload_to="brand/images")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")
 
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "品牌信息"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
 
# 商品详情
class Goods(models.Model):
    category = models.ForeignKey(GoodsCategory, verbose_name="商品类目")
    goods_sn = models.CharField(max_length=50, default="", verbose_name="商品唯一货号")
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name="商品名")
    click_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="点击数")
    sold_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="商品销售量")
    fav_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="收藏数")
    goods_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="库存数")
    market_price = models.FloatField(default=0, verbose_name="市场价格")
    shop_price = models.FloatField(default=0, verbose_name="本店价格")
    goods_brief = models.TextField(default=500, verbose_name="商品简短描述")
    goods_desc = UEditorField(verbose_name="内容", imagePath="goods/images/", width=1000, height=300,
                              filePath="goods/files/", default="")
    ship_free = models.BooleanField(default=True, verbose_name="是否承担运费")
    # 商品封面图
    goods_front_image = models.ImageField(upload_to="", null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="封面图")
    # 是否是新品
    is_new = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="是否新品")
    # 是否是热卖商品
    is_hot = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="是否热销")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")
 
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "商品详情"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
 
# 商品轮播图
class GoodsImage(models.Model):
    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, verbose_name="商品", related_name="images")
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to="", verbose_name="图片", null=True, blank=True)
 
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")
 
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "商品图片"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.goods.name
 
# 首页的轮播商品
class Banner(models.Model):
    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, verbose_name="商品")
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to="banner/", verbose_name="轮播图片")
    index = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="轮播顺序")
 
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")
 
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "轮播商品"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.goods.name

第四步: 设计trade.models

首先分析trade需要多少个表,电商里面有两个概念很重要: 购物车, 和订单

　　1. 同一个商品对同一个用户来说, 只有一条记录,只是数量不一样

　　2. 一旦点击去结算, 那么购物车就会被清空,而变成订单

from datetime import datetime
 
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
 
from goods.models import Goods
User=get_user_model()
 
# 购物车
class ShoppingCart(models.Model):
    uer=models.ForeignKey(User,verbose_name="用户")
    goods=models.ForeignKey(Goods,verbose_name="商品")
    nums=models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name="购买数量")
 
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")
 
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "购物车"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
 
    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.goods.name}({self.nums})"
 
# 订单详情
class OrderInfo:
    ORDER_STATUS=(
        ("success","成功"),
        ("cancel","取消"),
        ("cancel","待支付"),
    )
    user=models.ForeignKey(User)
    order_sn=models.CharField(max_length=30,unique=True,verbose_name="订单号")
    trade_no=models.CharField(max_length=100,unique=True,null=True,blank=True,verbose_name="交易号")
    pay_status=models.CharField(choices=ORDER_STATUS,max_length=10,verbose_name="订单状态")
    post_script=models.CharField(max_length=200,verbose_name="订单留言")
    order_mount=models.FloatField(default=0.0,verbose_name="订单金额")
    pay_time=models.DateTimeField(null=True,blank=True,verbose_name="支付时间")
 
    # 用户信息
    address = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="收货地址")
    signer_name = models.CharField(max_length=20, default="", verbose_name="签收人")
    singer_mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name="联系电话")
 
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")
 
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "订单"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
 
    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.order_sn)
 
# 订单的商品详情(与订单是多对一)
class OrderGoods(models.Model):
    order = models.ForeignKey(OrderInfo, verbose_name="订单信息", related_name="goods")
    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, verbose_name="商品")
    goods_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="商品数量")
 
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")
 
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "订单商品"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
 
    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.order.order_sn)
 

4. 会自动生成文件夹 ，node_modules，里面

第五步: 设计useroperation.models

首先分析需要多少个表, 用户收藏, 用户收货地址, 用户评论

from datetime import datetime
 
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
 
from goods.models import Goods
 
User = get_user_model()
 
# 用户收藏
class UserFav(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name="用户")
    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, verbose_name="商品")
 
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")
 
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "用户收藏"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.user.name
 
# 用户留言
class UserLeavingMessage(models.Model):
    MESSAGE_CHOICES = (
        (1, "留言"),
        (2, "投诉"),
        (3, "询问"),
        (4, "售后"),
        (5, "求购")
    )
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name="用户")
    message_type = models.IntegerField(default=1, choices=MESSAGE_CHOICES, verbose_name="留言类型",
                                       help_text="留言类型: 1(留言),2(投诉),3(询问),4(售后),5(求购)")
    subject = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="主题")
    message = models.TextField(default="", verbose_name="留言内容", help_text="留言内容")
    file = models.FileField(upload_to="message/images/", verbose_name="上传的文件", help_text="上传的文件")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")
 
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "用户留言"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.subject
 
# 用户收货地址
class UserAddress(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name="用户")
    district = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="区域")
    address = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="详细地址")
    signer_name = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="签收人")
    signer_mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, default="", verbose_name="电话")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")
 
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "收货地址"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.address

第六步: makemigrations和migrate

不赘述, 补充一点的就是如果遇到migrate不生效, 应该如何解决? 见下图, 删除后, 重新makemigrations和migrate即可

------  over  -----------

settings.py

AUTH_USER_MODEL='users.UserProfile'

4. 会自动生成文件夹 ，node_modules，里面

settings.py

AUTH_USER_MODEL='users.UserProfile'

4. 会自动生成文件夹 ，node_modules，里面