selenium+java破解极验滑动验证码

摘要

分析验证码素材图片混淆原理，并采用selenium模拟人拖动滑块过程，进而破解验证码。

人工验证的过程

1. 打开威锋网注册页面（https://passport.feng.com/?r=user/register）
2. 移动鼠标至小滑块，一张完整的图片会出现（如下图1）
   
   
3. 点击鼠标左键，图片中间会出现一个缺块（如下图2）
   
   
4. 移动小滑块正上方图案至缺块处
5. 验证通过

selenium模拟验证的过程

1. 加载威锋网注册页面（https://passport.feng.com/?r=user/register）
2. 下载图片1和缺块图片2
3. 根据两张图片的差异计算平移的距离x
4. 模拟鼠标点击事件，点击小滑块向右移动x
5. 验证通过

详细分析

1. 打开chrome浏览器控制台，会发现图1所示的验证码图片并不是极验后台返回的原图。而是由多个div拼接而成（如下图3）
   
   
   
   通过图片显示div的style属性可知，极验后台把图片进行切割加错位处理。把素材图片切割成10 * 58大小的52张小图，再进行错位处理。在网页上显示的时候，再通过css的background-position属性对图片进行还原。以上的图1和图2都是经过了这种处理。在这种情况下，使用selenium模拟验证是需要对下载的验证码图片进行还原。如上图3的第一个div.gt_cut_fullbg_slice标签，它的大小为10px * 58px，其中style属性为background-image: url("http://static.geetest.com/pictures/gt/969ffa43c/969ffa43c.webp"); background-position: -157px -58px;会把该属性对应url的图片进行一个平移操作，以左上角为参考，向左平移157px，向上平移58px，图片超出部分不会显示。所以上图1所示图片是由26 * 2个10px * 58px大小的div组成（如下图4）。每一个小方块的大小58 * 10
   
   

2. 下载图片并还原，上一步骤分析了图片具体的混淆逻辑，具体还原图片的代码实现如下，主要逻辑是把原图裁剪为52张小图，然后拼接成一张完整的图。

   /**
    *还原图片
    * @param type
    */
   private static void restoreImage(String type) throws IOException {
       //把图片裁剪为2 * 26份
       for(int i = 0; i < 52; i++){
           cutPic(basePath + type +".jpg"
                   ,basePath + "result/" + type + i + ".jpg", -moveArray[i][0], -moveArray[i][1], 10, 58);
       }
       //拼接图片
       String[] b = new String[26];
       for(int i = 0; i < 26; i++){
           b[i] = String.format(basePath + "result/" + type + "%d.jpg", i);
       }
       mergeImage(b, 1, basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg");
       //拼接图片
       String[] c = new String[26];
       for(int i = 0; i < 26; i++){
           c[i] = String.format(basePath + "result/" + type + "%d.jpg", i + 26);
       }
       mergeImage(c, 1, basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg");
       mergeImage(new String[]{basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg",
               basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg"}, 2, basePath + "result/" + type + "result3.jpg");
       //删除产生的中间图片
       for(int i = 0; i < 52; i++){
           new File(basePath + "result/" + type + i + ".jpg").deleteOnExit();
       }
       new File(basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg").deleteOnExit();
       new File(basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg").deleteOnExit();
   }

   还原过程需要注意的是，后台返回错位的图片是312 * 116大小的。而网页上图片div的大小是260 * 116。

3. 计算平移距离，遍历图片的每一个像素点，当两张图的R、G、B之差的和大于255，说明该点的差异过大，很有可能就是需要平移到该位置的那个点，代码如下。

   BufferedImage fullBI = ImageIO.read(new File(basePath + "result/" + FULL_IMAGE_NAME + "result3.jpg"));
       BufferedImage bgBI = ImageIO.read(new File(basePath + "result/" + BG_IMAGE_NAME + "result3.jpg"));
       for (int i = 0; i < bgBI.getWidth(); i++){
           for (int j = 0; j < bgBI.getHeight(); j++) {
               int[] fullRgb = new int[3];
               fullRgb[0] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j)  & 0xff0000) >> 16;
               fullRgb[1] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j)  & 0xff00) >> 8;
               fullRgb[2] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j)  & 0xff);
   
               int[] bgRgb = new int[3];
               bgRgb[0] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j)  & 0xff0000) >> 16;
               bgRgb[1] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j)  & 0xff00) >> 8;
               bgRgb[2] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j)  & 0xff);
               if(difference(fullRgb, bgRgb) > 255){
                   return i;
               }
           }
       }

4. 模拟鼠标移动事件，这一步骤是最关键的步骤，极验验证码后台正是通过移动滑块的轨迹来判断是否为机器所为。整个移动轨迹的过程越随机越好，我这里提供一种成功率较高的移动算法，代码如下。

       public static void move(WebDriver driver, WebElement element, int distance) throws InterruptedException {
           int xDis = distance + 11;
           System.out.println("应平移距离：" + xDis);
           int moveX = new Random().nextInt(8) - 5;
           int moveY = 1;
           Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
           new Actions(driver).clickAndHold(element).perform();
           Thread.sleep(200);
           printLocation(element);
           actions.moveToElement(element, moveX, moveY).perform();
           System.out.println(moveX + "--" + moveY);
           printLocation(element);
           for (int i = 0; i < 22; i++){
               int s = 10;
               if (i % 2 == 0){
                   s = -10;
               }
               actions.moveToElement(element, s, 1).perform();
               printLocation(element);
               Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(100) + 150);
           }
   
           System.out.println(xDis + "--" + 1);
           actions.moveByOffset(xDis, 1).perform();
           printLocation(element);
           Thread.sleep(200);
           actions.release(element).perform();
       }

5. 完整代码如下

   package com.github.wycm;
   
   import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
   import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
   import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;
   import org.jsoup.nodes.Element;
   import org.jsoup.select.Elements;
   import org.openqa.selenium.By;
   import org.openqa.selenium.Point;
   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
   import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
   import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
   import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
   import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedCondition;
   import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
   
   import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
   import javax.imageio.ImageReadParam;
   import javax.imageio.ImageReader;
   import javax.imageio.stream.ImageInputStream;
   import java.awt.*;
   import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
   import java.io.File;
   import java.io.FileInputStream;
   import java.io.IOException;
   import java.net.URL;
   import java.util.Iterator;
   import java.util.Random;
   import java.util.regex.Matcher;
   import java.util.regex.Pattern;
   
   public class GeettestCrawler {
       private static String basePath = "src/main/resources/";
       private static String FULL_IMAGE_NAME = "full-image";
       private static String BG_IMAGE_NAME = "bg-image";
       private static int[][] moveArray = new int[52][2];
       private static boolean moveArrayInit = false;
       private static String INDEX_URL = "https://passport.feng.com/?r=user/register";
       private static WebDriver driver;
   
       static {
           System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:/dev/selenium/chromedriver_V2.30/chromedriver_win32/chromedriver.exe");
           if (!System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("windows")){
               System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/Users/wangyang/workspace/selenium/chromedriver_V2.30/chromedriver");
           }
           driver = new ChromeDriver();
       }
   
       public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
           for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
               try {
                   invoke();
               } catch (IOException e) {
                   e.printStackTrace();
               } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                   e.printStackTrace();
               }
           }
           driver.quit();
       }
       private static void invoke() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
           //设置input参数
           driver.get(INDEX_URL);
   
           //通过[class=gt_slider_knob gt_show]
           By moveBtn = By.cssSelector(".gt_slider_knob.gt_show");
           waitForLoad(driver, moveBtn);
           WebElement moveElemet = driver.findElement(moveBtn);
           int i = 0;
           while (i++ < 15){
               int distance = getMoveDistance(driver);
               move(driver, moveElemet, distance - 6);
               By gtTypeBy = By.cssSelector(".gt_info_type");
               By gtInfoBy = By.cssSelector(".gt_info_content");
               waitForLoad(driver, gtTypeBy);
               waitForLoad(driver, gtInfoBy);
               String gtType = driver.findElement(gtTypeBy).getText();
               String gtInfo = driver.findElement(gtInfoBy).getText();
               System.out.println(gtType + "---" + gtInfo);
               /**
                * 再来一次：
                * 验证失败：
                */
               if(!gtType.equals("再来一次:") && !gtType.equals("验证失败:")){
                   Thread.sleep(4000);
                   System.out.println(driver);
                   break;
               }
               Thread.sleep(4000);
           }
       }
   
       /**
        * 移动
        * @param driver
        * @param element
        * @param distance
        * @throws InterruptedException
        */
       public static void move(WebDriver driver, WebElement element, int distance) throws InterruptedException {
           int xDis = distance + 11;
           System.out.println("应平移距离：" + xDis);
           int moveX = new Random().nextInt(8) - 5;
           int moveY = 1;
           Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
           new Actions(driver).clickAndHold(element).perform();
           Thread.sleep(200);
           printLocation(element);
           actions.moveToElement(element, moveX, moveY).perform();
           System.out.println(moveX + "--" + moveY);
           printLocation(element);
           for (int i = 0; i < 22; i++){
               int s = 10;
               if (i % 2 == 0){
                   s = -10;
               }
               actions.moveToElement(element, s, 1).perform();
   //            printLocation(element);
               Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(100) + 150);
           }
   
           System.out.println(xDis + "--" + 1);
           actions.moveByOffset(xDis, 1).perform();
           printLocation(element);
           Thread.sleep(200);
           actions.release(element).perform();
       }
       private static void printLocation(WebElement element){
           Point point  = element.getLocation();
           System.out.println(point.toString());
       }
       /**
        * 等待元素加载，10s超时
        * @param driver
        * @param by
        */
       public static void waitForLoad(final WebDriver driver, final By by){
           new WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(new ExpectedCondition<Boolean>() {
               public Boolean apply(WebDriver d) {
                   WebElement element = driver.findElement(by);
                   if (element != null){
                       return true;
                   }
                   return false;
               }
           });
       }
   
       /**
        * 计算需要平移的距离
        * @param driver
        * @return
        * @throws IOException
        */
       public static int getMoveDistance(WebDriver driver) throws IOException {
           String pageSource = driver.getPageSource();
           String fullImageUrl = getFullImageUrl(pageSource);
           FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(fullImageUrl), new File(basePath + FULL_IMAGE_NAME + ".jpg"));
           String getBgImageUrl = getBgImageUrl(pageSource);
           FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(getBgImageUrl), new File(basePath + BG_IMAGE_NAME + ".jpg"));
           initMoveArray(driver);
           restoreImage(FULL_IMAGE_NAME);
           restoreImage(BG_IMAGE_NAME);
           BufferedImage fullBI = ImageIO.read(new File(basePath + "result/" + FULL_IMAGE_NAME + "result3.jpg"));
           BufferedImage bgBI = ImageIO.read(new File(basePath + "result/" + BG_IMAGE_NAME + "result3.jpg"));
           for (int i = 0; i < bgBI.getWidth(); i++){
               for (int j = 0; j < bgBI.getHeight(); j++) {
                   int[] fullRgb = new int[3];
                   fullRgb[0] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j)  & 0xff0000) >> 16;
                   fullRgb[1] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j)  & 0xff00) >> 8;
                   fullRgb[2] = (fullBI.getRGB(i, j)  & 0xff);
   
                   int[] bgRgb = new int[3];
                   bgRgb[0] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j)  & 0xff0000) >> 16;
                   bgRgb[1] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j)  & 0xff00) >> 8;
                   bgRgb[2] = (bgBI.getRGB(i, j)  & 0xff);
                   if(difference(fullRgb, bgRgb) > 255){
                       return i;
                   }
               }
           }
           throw new RuntimeException("未找到需要平移的位置");
       }
       private static int difference(int[] a, int[] b){
           return Math.abs(a[0] - b[0]) + Math.abs(a[1] - b[1]) + Math.abs(a[2] - b[2]);
       }
       /**
        * 获取move数组
        * @param driver
        */
       private static void initMoveArray(WebDriver driver){
           if (moveArrayInit){
               return;
           }
           Document document = Jsoup.parse(driver.getPageSource());
           Elements elements = document.select("[class=gt_cut_bg gt_show]").first().children();
           int i = 0;
           for(Element element : elements){
               Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(".*background-position: (.*?)px (.*?)px.*");
               Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(element.toString());
               if (matcher.find()){
                   String width = matcher.group(1);
                   String height = matcher.group(2);
                   moveArray[i][0] = Integer.parseInt(width);
                   moveArray[i++][1] = Integer.parseInt(height);
               } else {
                   throw new RuntimeException("解析异常");
               }
           }
           moveArrayInit = true;
       }
       /**
        *还原图片
        * @param type
        */
       private static void restoreImage(String type) throws IOException {
           //把图片裁剪为2 * 26份
           for(int i = 0; i < 52; i++){
               cutPic(basePath + type +".jpg"
                       ,basePath + "result/" + type + i + ".jpg", -moveArray[i][0], -moveArray[i][1], 10, 58);
           }
           //拼接图片
           String[] b = new String[26];
           for(int i = 0; i < 26; i++){
               b[i] = String.format(basePath + "result/" + type + "%d.jpg", i);
           }
           mergeImage(b, 1, basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg");
           //拼接图片
           String[] c = new String[26];
           for(int i = 0; i < 26; i++){
               c[i] = String.format(basePath + "result/" + type + "%d.jpg", i + 26);
           }
           mergeImage(c, 1, basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg");
           mergeImage(new String[]{basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg",
                   basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg"}, 2, basePath + "result/" + type + "result3.jpg");
           //删除产生的中间图片
           for(int i = 0; i < 52; i++){
               new File(basePath + "result/" + type + i + ".jpg").deleteOnExit();
           }
           new File(basePath + "result/" + type + "result1.jpg").deleteOnExit();
           new File(basePath + "result/" + type + "result2.jpg").deleteOnExit();
       }
       /**
        * 获取原始图url
        * @param pageSource
        * @return
        */
       private static String getFullImageUrl(String pageSource){
           String url = null;
           Document document = Jsoup.parse(pageSource);
           String style = document.select("[class=gt_cut_fullbg_slice]").first().attr("style");
           Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("url\\(\"(.*)\"\\)");
           Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(style);
           if (matcher.find()){
               url = matcher.group(1);
           }
           url = url.replace(".webp", ".jpg");
           System.out.println(url);
           return url;
       }
       /**
        * 获取带背景的url
        * @param pageSource
        * @return
        */
       private static String getBgImageUrl(String pageSource){
           String url = null;
           Document document = Jsoup.parse(pageSource);
           String style = document.select(".gt_cut_bg_slice").first().attr("style");
           Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("url\\(\"(.*)\"\\)");
           Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(style);
           if (matcher.find()){
               url = matcher.group(1);
           }
           url = url.replace(".webp", ".jpg");
           System.out.println(url);
           return url;
       }
       public static boolean cutPic(String srcFile, String outFile, int x, int y,
                                    int width, int height) {
           FileInputStream is = null;
           ImageInputStream iis = null;
           try {
               if (!new File(srcFile).exists()) {
                   return false;
               }
               is = new FileInputStream(srcFile);
               String ext = srcFile.substring(srcFile.lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
               Iterator<ImageReader> it = ImageIO.getImageReadersByFormatName(ext);
               ImageReader reader = it.next();
               iis = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(is);
               reader.setInput(iis, true);
               ImageReadParam param = reader.getDefaultReadParam();
               Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(x, y, width, height);
               param.setSourceRegion(rect);
               BufferedImage bi = reader.read(0, param);
               File tempOutFile = new File(outFile);
               if (!tempOutFile.exists()) {
                   tempOutFile.mkdirs();
               }
               ImageIO.write(bi, ext, new File(outFile));
               return true;
           } catch (Exception e) {
               e.printStackTrace();
               return false;
           } finally {
               try {
                   if (is != null) {
                       is.close();
                   }
                   if (iis != null) {
                       iis.close();
                   }
               } catch (IOException e) {
                   e.printStackTrace();
                   return false;
               }
           }
       }
       /**
        * 图片拼接 （注意：必须两张图片长宽一致哦）
        * @param files 要拼接的文件列表
        * @param type  1横向拼接，2 纵向拼接
        * @param targetFile 输出文件
        */
       private static void mergeImage(String[] files, int type, String targetFile) {
           int length = files.length;
           File[] src = new File[length];
           BufferedImage[] images = new BufferedImage[length];
           int[][] ImageArrays = new int[length][];
           for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
               try {
                   src[i] = new File(files[i]);
                   images[i] = ImageIO.read(src[i]);
               } catch (Exception e) {
                   throw new RuntimeException(e);
               }
               int width = images[i].getWidth();
               int height = images[i].getHeight();
               ImageArrays[i] = new int[width * height];
               ImageArrays[i] = images[i].getRGB(0, 0, width, height, ImageArrays[i], 0, width);
           }
           int newHeight = 0;
           int newWidth = 0;
           for (int i = 0; i < images.length; i++) {
               // 横向
               if (type == 1) {
                   newHeight = newHeight > images[i].getHeight() ? newHeight : images[i].getHeight();
                   newWidth += images[i].getWidth();
               } else if (type == 2) {// 纵向
                   newWidth = newWidth > images[i].getWidth() ? newWidth : images[i].getWidth();
                   newHeight += images[i].getHeight();
               }
           }
           if (type == 1 && newWidth < 1) {
               return;
           }
           if (type == 2 && newHeight < 1) {
               return;
           }
           // 生成新图片
           try {
               BufferedImage ImageNew = new BufferedImage(newWidth, newHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
               int height_i = 0;
               int width_i = 0;
               for (int i = 0; i < images.length; i++) {
                   if (type == 1) {
                       ImageNew.setRGB(width_i, 0, images[i].getWidth(), newHeight, ImageArrays[i], 0,
                               images[i].getWidth());
                       width_i += images[i].getWidth();
                   } else if (type == 2) {
                       ImageNew.setRGB(0, height_i, newWidth, images[i].getHeight(), ImageArrays[i], 0, newWidth);
                       height_i += images[i].getHeight();
                   }
               }
               //输出想要的图片
               ImageIO.write(ImageNew, targetFile.split("\\.")[1], new File(targetFile));
   
           } catch (Exception e) {
               throw new RuntimeException(e);
           }
       }
   }
   

6. pom文件依赖如下
   
   <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-server</artifactId> <version>3.0.1</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.jsoup/jsoup --> <dependency> <groupId>org.jsoup</groupId> <artifactId>jsoup</artifactId> <version>1.7.2</version> </dependency>

最后

1. 完整代码已上传至github,地址:https://github.com/wycm/selenium-geetest-crack
2. 附上一张滑动效果图