Ubuntu环境Docker+K8s+Dashboard的安装配置(无坑亲测)

安装之前的准备：

安装docker

使用国内 daocloud 一键安装命令：

curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/docker | sh

直接从dockerhub下载镜像太慢, 需要配置国内镜像源, 修改daemon.json文件

添加镜像源, luffy使用的是中科大的镜像源

cat <<EOF >/etc/docker/daemon.json
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/"]
}
EOF

启动docker

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

安装kubelet,kubectl,kubeadm：

打开apt源文件：

vim /etc/apt/sources.list

添加如下：

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial main

然后更新apt源：

apt-get update

ps:如果出现下面错误

W: GPG error: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY FEEA9169307EA071 NO_PUBKEY 8B57C5C2836F4BEB

执行安装GPG秘钥：

curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg |sudo apt-key add -

在进行

apt-get update

安装kube：

apt-get install -y kubelet=1.18.0-00 kubeadm=1.18.0-00 kubectl=1.18.0-00

启动master节点

查看镜像列表

kubeadm config images list --kubernetes-version v1.18.0

拉取镜像：

docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.18.0
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.18.0
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.18.0
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.18.0
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.4.3-0
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.6.7

给镜像改名：

docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.18.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.18.0
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.18.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.18.0
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.18.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.18.0
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.18.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.18.0
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.4.3-0 k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.3-0
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.6.7 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.6.7

注意：以上三步关于镜像的操作也可以直接写到一个脚本里，for循环来执行，详情可以查询脚本操作。

vim k8s-pull.sh

添加内容：

#将对应的包, 从国内镜像上拉下来
for  i  in  `kubeadm config images list --kubernetes-version v1.18.0`;  do
    imageName=${i#k8s.gcr.io/}
    docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$imageName
    docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$imageName k8s.gcr.io/$imageName
    docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$imageName
done;

执行脚本

sh k8s-pull.sh

镜像下载完成，可以启动master节点了：

kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.18.0 --pod-network-cidr=10.10.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=172.18.10.172 --ignore-preflight-errors=NumCPU

注意172.18.10.172是我的服务器内网地址，注意替换，--ignore-preflight-errors=NumCPU 是因为我的服务器是买的低配单核，加上就忽略启动是的cpu核心数报错，多核 的不用加这个

设置配置文件如下：

mkdir -p /root/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /root/.kube/config
chown root:root /root/.kube/config

设置网络插件

export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

mkdir -p /etc/cni/net.d

编辑网络通道配置列表（没有会默认创建）

vi 10-flannel.conflist

{
    undefined"name": "cbr0",
    "plugins": [
        {
            undefined"type": "flannel",
            "delegate": {
                undefined"hairpinMode": true,
                "isDefaultGateway": true
            }
        },
        {
            undefined"type": "portmap",
            "capabilities": {
                undefined"portMappings": true
            }
        }
    ]
}

多次刷新查看是否relay

kubectl get nodes

显示Ready表示执行成功

NAME                      STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
izwz91w9jegcgf28ttbe2yz   Ready    master   46h   v1.18.0

重启kubelet

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet

安装 kubernetes-dashboard

下载包

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

可以修改下名字kubernetes-dashboard，编辑配置文件

vim kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

下面我这个已经修改好了没有坑，注意下端口就行

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort # 新增
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30443 # 新增
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.4
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}

更新dashboard配置

kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

查看dashboard端口

kubectl get pod,deploy,svc --all-namespaces

返回下面数据都显示running：表示成功

在这里插入图片描述

登录dashboard

此时通过 https://服务器外网ip:30443

可以访问dashboard页面

生成登陆须要的token：

1：建立service account

kubectl create sa dashboard-admin -n kube-system

2：建立角色绑定关系

kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin

3：查看dashboard-admin的secret名字

ADMIN_SECRET=$(kubectl get secrets -n kube-system | grep dashboard-admin | awk '{print $1}')
echo ADMIN_SECRET

4：打印secret的token

kubectl describe secret -n kube-system ${ADMIN_SECRET} | grep -E '^token' | awk '{print $2}'

备注：有什么问题可以查看日志，排查

journalctl -xeu kubelet