形参和实参|默认值|可选实参|tuple|*tuple|args|*args | **kwargs|args[:]|

 #!/usr/bin/python

 def hello(i,greet='long time to see!'):
     out =  "hello "+i+" "+greet
     nobody = {'as':'','ad':'','om':'ssss'}
     if i == '':return nobody
     return out

 name = 'we'
 if hello('we')==hello(name)and hello('we')==hello(i= 'we'):
     print "right!"

 #right!

 yoo = hello('ss','yoooo!')
 print yoo

 #hello ss yoooo!

 for key in hello('','yoooo!').items():
     print key
 '''
 ('om', 'ssss')
 ('as', '123')
 ('ad', '1234')
 '''
 l = hello('')
 print l

 l_1 = hello('')
 l_2 = hello('')
 print l_1
 def printnumber(**arr):
     for i in arr.values():
         print i

 def pr(arr):
     for i in arr.keys():
         print i

 printnumber(a='alala',b='bababa',c= 'sksks')
 pr(l_1)
 '''
 alala
 sksks
 bababa
 '''

 a = [1,2,3,4]
 b = ['a','b','c','d']
 c = [a[:],b[:]]

 def cut(*a_1):
     for i in a_1:
         del i[1]
     return a_1

 print cut(c[:])
 print a,b
 print cut(a[:],b[:])

 '''
 ([[1, 2, 3, 4]],)
 [1, 2, 3, 4] ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
 ([1, 3, 4], ['a', 'c', 'd'])
 '''