CentOS7 上以 RPM 包方式安装 Oracle 18c 单实例

安装阿里云 YUM 源

https://opsx.alibaba.com/mirror?lang=zh-CN

一、安装Oracle数据库

1.安装 Oracle 预安装 RPM

yum -y localinstall https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/getPackage/oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

2.安装 Oracle Database RPM

https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

# 若未注册可用我的，勿做修改
 
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Oracle123

yum -y localinstall /tmp/oracle-database-ee-18c-1.0-.x86_64.rpm

二、创建和配置 Oracle 数据库

1.查看配置

# 根据需要修改
cat /etc/sysconfig/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c.conf
 
#This is a configuration file to setup the Oracle Database.
#It is used when running '/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB configure'.
#Please use this file to modify the default listener port and the
#Oracle data location.
 
# LISTENER_PORT: Database listener
# 侦听器的侦听端口
LISTENER_PORT=
 
# ORACLE_DATA_LOCATION: Database oradata location
# 数据存放位置
ORACLE_DATA_LOCATION=/opt/oracle/oradata
 
# EM_EXPRESS_PORT: Oracle EM Express listener
# Enterprise Manager 的侦听端口
EM_EXPRESS_PORT=

2.创建 Oracle 数据库实例

查看脚本

#!/bin/bash
#
# chkconfig:
# Description: This script is responsible for taking care of configuring the Oracle Database and its associated services.
#
# processname: oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c
# Red Hat or SuSE config: /etc/sysconfig/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c
#
 
# Set path if path not set
case $PATH in
        "") PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/etc
                 export PATH ;;
esac
 
# Check if the root user is running this script
if [ $(id -u) != "" ]
then
        echo "You must be root user to run the configurations script. Login as root user and try again."
        exit
fi
 
# Setting the required environment variables
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1
 
export ORACLE_VERSION=18c
export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB
export TEMPLATE_NAME=General_Purpose.dbc
export CHARSET=AL32UTF8
export PDB_NAME=ORCLPDB1
export LISTENER_NAME=LISTENER
export NUMBER_OF_PDBS=
export CREATE_AS_CDB=true
 
# General exports and vars
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
LSNR=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl
SQLPLUS=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus
DBCA=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca
ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
RETVAL=
CONFIG_NAME="oracledb_$ORACLE_SID-$ORACLE_VERSION.conf"
CONFIGURATION="/etc/sysconfig/$CONFIG_NAME"
 
# Commands
if [ -z "$SU" ];then SU=/bin/su; fi
if [ -z "$GREP" ]; then GREP=/usr/bin/grep; fi
if [ ! -f "$GREP" ]; then GREP=/bin/grep; fi
 
# To start the DB
start()
{
    check_for_configuration
    RETVAL=$?
    if [ $RETVAL -eq  ]
    then
        echo "The Oracle Database is not configured. You must run '/etc/init.d/oracledb_$ORACLE_SID-$ORACLE_VERSION configure' as the root user to configure the database."
        exit
    fi
    # Check if the DB is already started
    pmon=`ps -ef | egrep pmon_$ORACLE_SID'\>' | $GREP -v grep`
    if [ "$pmon" = "" ];
    then
 
        # Unset the proxy env vars before calling sqlplus
        unset_proxy_vars
 
        echo "Starting Oracle Net Listener."
        $SU -s /bin/bash $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$LSNR  start $LISTENER_NAME" > /dev/null >&
        RETVAL=$?
        if [ $RETVAL -eq  ]
        then
            echo "Oracle Net Listener started."
        fi
 
        echo "Starting Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID."
        $SU -s /bin/bash  $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$SQLPLUS -s /nolog << EOF
                                                                connect / as sysdba
                                                                startup
                                                                alter pluggable database all open
                                                                exit;
                                                                EOF" > /dev/null 2>&1
        RETVAL1=$?
        if [ $RETVAL1 -eq  ]
        then
            echo "Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID started."
        fi
    else
        echo "The Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID is already started."
        exit
    fi
 
    echo
    if [ $RETVAL -eq  ] && [ $RETVAL1 -eq  ]
    then
        return
     else
        echo "Failed to start Oracle Net Listener using $ORACLE_HOME/bin/tnslsnr and Oracle Database using $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus."
        exit
    fi
}
 
# To stop the DB
stop()
{
    check_for_configuration
    RETVAL=$?
    if [ $RETVAL -eq  ]
    then
        echo "The Oracle Database is not configured. You must run '/etc/init.d/oracledb_$ORACLE_SID-$ORACLE_VERSION configure' as the root user to configure the database."
        exit
    fi
    # Check if the DB is already stopped
    pmon=`ps -ef | egrep pmon_$ORACLE_SID'\>' | $GREP -v grep`
    if [ "$pmon" = "" ]
    then
        echo "Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID is already stopped."
        exit
    else
 
        # Unset the proxy env vars before calling sqlplus
        unset_proxy_vars
 
        echo "Shutting down Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID."
        $SU -s /bin/bash $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$SQLPLUS -s /nolog << EOF
                                                                connect / as sysdba
                                                                shutdown immediate
                                                                exit;
                                                                EOF" > /dev/null 2>&1
        RETVAL=$?
        if [ $RETVAL -eq  ]
        then
            echo "Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID shut down."
        fi
 
        echo "Stopping Oracle Net Listener."
        $SU -s /bin/bash  $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$LSNR stop $LISTENER_NAME" > /dev/null >&
        RETVAL1=$?
        if [ $RETVAL1 -eq  ]
        then
            echo "Oracle Net Listener stopped."
        fi
    fi
 
    echo
    if [ $RETVAL -eq  ] && [ $RETVAL1 -eq  ]
    then
        return
    else
        echo "Failed to stop Oracle Net Listener using $ORACLE_HOME/bin/tnslsnr and Oracle Database using $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus."
        exit
    fi
}
 
# To call DBCA to configure the DB
configure_perform()
{
    # Unset the proxy env vars before calling dbca
    unset_proxy_vars
 
    echo "Configuring Oracle Database $ORACLE_SID."
 
    $SU -s /bin/bash  $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$DBCA -silent -createDatabase -gdbName $ORACLE_SID -templateName $TEMPLATE_NAME -characterSet $CHARSET -createAsContainerDatabase $CREATE_AS_CDB -numberOfPDBs $NUMBER_OF_PDBS -pdbName $PDB_NAME -createListener $LISTENER_NAME:$LISTENER_PORT -datafileDestination $ORACLE_DATA_LOCATION -sid $ORACLE_SID -autoGeneratePasswords -emConfiguration DBEXPRESS -emExpressPort $EM_EXPRESS_PORT"
 
    RETVAL=$?
 
    echo
    if [ $RETVAL -eq  ]
    then
        echo "Database configuration completed successfully. The passwords were auto generated, you must change them by connecting to the database using 'sqlplus / as sysdba' as the oracle user."
        return
    else
        echo "Database configuration failed."
        exit
    fi
}
 
# Enh  - Unsets the proxy env variables
unset_proxy_vars()
{
    if [ "$http_proxy" != "" ]
    then
        unset http_proxy
    fi
 
    if [ "$HTTP_PROXY" != "" ]
    then
        unset HTTP_PROXY
    fi
 
    if [ "$https_proxy" != "" ]
    then
        unset https_proxy
    fi
 
    if [ "$HTTPS_PROXY" != "" ]
    then
        unset HTTPS_PROXY
    fi
}
 
# Check if the DB is already configured
check_for_configuration()
{
    configfile=`$GREP --no-messages $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME /etc/oratab` > /dev/null >&
    if [ "$configfile" = "" ]
    then
        return
    fi
    return
}
 
read_config_file()
{
    if [ -f "$CONFIGURATION" ]
    then
        . "$CONFIGURATION"
    else
        echo "The Oracle Database is not configured. Unable to read the configuration file '$CONFIGURATION'"
        exit ;
    fi
}
 
# Entry point to configure the DB
configure()
{
    check_for_configuration
    RETVAL=$?
    if [ $RETVAL -eq  ]
    then
        echo "Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID is already configured."
        exit
    fi
    read_config_file
    check_port_availability
    check_em_express_port_availability
    configure_perform
}
 
check_port_availability()
{
    port=`netstat -n --tcp --listen | $GREP :$LISTENER_PORT`
    if [ "$port" != "" ]
    then
        echo "Port $LISTENER_PORT appears to be in use by another application. Specify a different port in the configuration file '$CONFIGURATION'"
        exit ;
    fi
}
 
# Validation method to check for port availability for Oracle EM Express
check_em_express_port_availability()
{
    port=`netstat -n --tcp --listen | $GREP :$EM_EXPRESS_PORT`
        if [ "$port" != "" ]
    then
         echo "Port $EM_EXPRESS_PORT appears to be in use by another application. Specify a different Oracle EM Express port in the configuration file '$CONFIGURATION'"
         exit ;
    fi
}
 
restart()
{
    # Check if the DB is already stopped
    pmon=`ps -ef | egrep pmon_$ORACLE_SID'\>' | $GREP -v grep`
    if [ "$pmon" = "" ]
    then
        start
    else
        stop
        start
    fi
}
 
case "$1" in
    start)
        start
    ;;
    stop)
        stop
    ;;
    configure)
        configure
    ;;
    restart)
        restart
    ;;
    *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|configure}"
        exit
    ;;
esac
 
exit 

执行脚本

# 执行脚本之后将创建一个容器数据库(ORCLCDB)和一个可插拔数据库(ORCLPDB1)，并且配置的默认监听端口是1521。注意 /opt 目录剩余空间大小
/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c configure

查看 oratab

# 记录每个数据库的信息，最后一个字母为是否在系统启动时启动
cat /etc/oratab

三、使用

# 作用与 /etc/profile 一样
vim /etc/profile.d/oracle.sh
 
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle/oradata
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB
export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8
 
# 刷新环境变量
source /etc/profile.d/oracle.sh

相关命令

# 监听端口查看
netstat -nultp  | grep -E '1521|5500'
 
# 监听
lsnrctl start
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl stat
 
# 数据库
dbstart $ORACLE_HOME
dbshut $ORACLE_HOME

连接到 oracle 数据库

# 切换到 oracle 用户，root 用户下无法连接
su - oracle
 
# 启动监听
lsnrctl start
 
# 以 sysdba 身份登录
sqlplus / as sysdba

修改数据库密码

-- 启动数据库
startup;
 
-- 配置 system 和 sys 账户的密码
alter user system identified by oracle;
alter user sys identified by oracle;
 
-- 版本查询
select banner from sys.v_$version;
 
-- 查看所有用户
select username from dba_users;

查看 em 界面，Oracle 18c 默认会开启 Enterprise Manager Database Express，修改完sys密码之后，就可以访问：https://IP:5500/em，忽略 https 证书错误，允许 Flash 加载

远程连接至 Oracle 数据库 (Navicat Premium)

四、添加开机自启动

1.新建环境参数

vim /etc/sysconfig/ORCLCDB.oracledb
 
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle/oradata
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1
ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB

2.新建监听服务

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/ORCLCDB@lsnrctl.service
 
[Unit]
Description=Oracle Net Listener
After=network.target
 
[Service]
Type=forking
EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/ORCLCDB.oracledb
ExecStart=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start
ExecStop=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl stop
User=oracle
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

3.新建数据库服务

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/ORCLCDB@oracledb.service
 
[Unit]
Description=Oracle Database service
After=network.target lsnrctl.service
 
[Service]
Type=forking
EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/ORCLCDB.oracledb
ExecStart=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME
ExecStop=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME
User=oracle
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

4.设置服务自启动

# 刷新服务
systemctl daemon-reload
 
# 设置开机自启动
systemctl enable ORCLCDB@lsnrctl ORCLCDB@oracledb

5.设置数据库自启动

# 此文件由 root.sh 创建
# 格式为：$ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>
# 第一个和第二个字段分别是数据库的系统标识符和主目录。 第三个字段为是否跟随 dbstart 命令启动数据库实例
# 不允许有相同 $ORACLE_SID 的条目
vim /etc/oratab
 
ORCLCDB:/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1:Y

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https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/18/ladbi/running-rpm-packages-to-install-oracle-database.html#GUID-BB7C11E3-D385-4A2F-9EAF-75F4F0AACF02

https://blog.csdn.net/hanzheng260561728/article/details/88202571

https://blog.csdn.net/vkingnew/article/details/83189454