Nginx1.9.0的安装

下载文件

http://nginx.org/en/download.html 下载 nginx-1.9.3.tar.gz

安装Nginx

安装

一、安装nginx时必须先安装相应的编译工具
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++yum -y install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre-devel
 
建立nginx 组
groupadd -r nginx
# -r 表示创建的是系统组
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g nginx -r nginx
# -r 表示创建的是系统用户
id nginx
# 即使用其他用户启动nginx, 也必须创建nginx用户和用户组, 否则会出现 nginx: [emerg] getpwnam("nginx") failed 错误
 
zlib:nginx提供gzip模块，需要zlib库支持
openssl:nginx提供ssl功能
pcre:支持地址重写rewrite功能
 
二、tar -zxvf nginx-1.9.3.tar.gz
 
三、cd nginx-1.9.
 
四、./configure \
--prefix=/usr \
--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_flv_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client \
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi \
--with-http_stub_status_module
 
我用的参数是
./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-http_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module
 
五、make && make install

如果openssl是编译安装的, 使用以下命令

./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-http_ssl_module --with-openssl=/usr/src/openssl-1.0.1p/ --with-http_stub_status_module --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module
 
# stub_status模块主要用于查看Nginx的一些状态信息
# with-openssl 指定 openssl 的源码目录

 

启动关闭

#启动nginx
 
sudo /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx 
 
#查看nginx进程
ps aux|grep nginx
 
nginx -s reload  ：修改配置后重新加载生效
nginx -s reopen  ：重新打开日志文件
 
nginx -c /path/to/nginx.conf 指定配置文件启动nginx
nginx -t -c /path/to/nginx.conf 测试nginx配置文件, 但不启动
 
#关闭nginx：
nginx -s stop  :快速停止
nginx -s quit  ：完整有序的停止

其他的停止nginx 方式：

ps -ef | grep nginx
kill -QUIT 主进程号     ：从容停止Nginx
kill -TERM 主进程号     ：快速停止Nginx
pkill - nginx          ：强制停止Nginx

参考资料

http://ilz.me/2015/04/29/nginx-190-make/ Nginx1.9.0编译安装过程, 带geoip的编译
http://www.cnblogs.com/zhuhongbao/archive/2013/06/04/3118061.html nginx1.2.8版本的安装及配置

使用非root用户启动/关闭Nginx

首先把nginx的owner设为tomcat

sudo chown -R tomcat:tomcat /opt/nginx

更精确一点, 需要设置owner为tomcat的目录包括: fastcgi_temp, log 和 proxy_temp, 目录的权限详细为:

[root@bogon nginx]# ll
total
drwx------   nginx  root    Dec  : client_body_temp
drwxr-xr-x   root   root    Jan  : conf
drwx------   tomcat tomcat  Dec  : fastcgi_temp
drwxr-xr-x   root   root    Dec  : html
drwxr-xr-x   tomcat tomcat  Jan  : logs
drwx------  tomcat tomcat  Jan  : proxy_temp
drwxr-xr-x   root   root    Dec  : sbin
drwx------   nginx  root    Dec  : scgi_temp
drwx------   nginx  root    Dec  : uwsgi_temp

使用非root用户启动nginx出现端口绑定权限错误的处理
错误: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (13: Permission denied)
参考 https://wiki.apache.org/httpd/NonRootPortBinding

1. 通过setcap
这个方法需要较高的内核版本: Requires a not-ancient linux kernel (2.6.24 or later), Centos6及以上可以

# sudo setcap cap_net_bind_service=+ep /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx 

检查是否capability is added:

# getcap /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx
/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx  = cap_net_bind_service+ep

2. 较通用的办法, 通过iptables, nat based method to redirect traffic from port 80 to 8080.
例如

# iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d <ip> -p tcp --dport  -m addrtype --dst-type LOCAL -j DNAT --to-destination <ip>:
# iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT -d <ip> -p tcp --dport  -m addrtype --dst-type LOCAL -j DNAT --to-destination <ip>:
or
# iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp --dport http -j REDIRECT --to-ports
# iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp --dport  -j REDIRECT --to-port
# iptables-save
# this redirects incoming connections on port  to port 

附: iptable参数说明: http://ipset.netfilter.org/iptables.man.html https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IptablesHowTo

Nginx配置

#user  tomcat;
worker_processes  ; #启动进程,通常设置成和cpu的数量相等
 
#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;
 
pid        logs/nginx.pid;
 
events {
    use   epoll; #epoll是多路复用IO(I/O Multiplexing)中的一种方式, 仅用于linux2.6以上内核, 可提高nginx性能
    worker_connections  ;
}
 
http {
    include       mime.types; #设定mime类型,类型由mime.type文件定义
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
 
    # 日志格式, 如果access_log 或者是虚拟主机里的access_log启用了, 这个也要启用, 否则启动时会有警告
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
 
    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
 
    sendfile        on; #指令指定 nginx 是否调用 sendfile 函数(zero copy 方式)来输出文件. 对于普通应用必须设为 on, 如果用来进行下载等应用磁盘IO重负载应用可设置为 off, 以平衡磁盘与网络I/O处理速度, 降低系统的uptime.
    #tcp_nopush     on;
 
    #keepalive_timeout  ;
    keepalive_timeout  ; #连接超时时间
 
    gzip  on; #开启gzip压缩
 
    server {
        listen       ;
        server_name  localhost;
        #charset koi8-r;
        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
 
        #默认请求
        location / {
            root   html; #定义服务器的默认网站根目录位置
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
 
        #error_page                /.html;
        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        error_page        /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
 
        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}
 
        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}
 
        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }
 
    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       ;
    #    listen       somename:;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
 
    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
 
    # 增加同端口不同域名的虚拟主机
    # 可以放到子目录下再include进来, 如 include vhost/cc.com.conf;
    server {
        listen       ;
        server_name demo.rb.com;
        location / {
            root  /var/www/html;
            index index.html index.htm index.php;
        }
        location /images/ {
            # 使用root时, 服务器会去找 /opt/nginx/html/images 目录
            root /opt/nginx/html;
        }
        location /images2/ {
            # 使用alias时, 服务器找的才是/opt/nginx/html目录
            # 这是一个严格的匹配, 所以如果location 以/结束, 下面的alias也要以/结束
            alias /opt/nginx/html/;
        }
        access_log logs/demo.rb.com.access.log main;
    }
 
    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen        ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;
 
    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
 
    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
 
    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
 
    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
 
}

开启 stub status

在nginx.conf的server块中添加如下代码
 
location /nginx_status {
    # Turn on nginx stats
    stub_status on;
    # I do not need logs for stats
    access_log   off;
    # Security: Only allow access from 192.168.1.100 IP #
    #allow 192.168.1.100;
    # Send rest of the world to /dev/null #
    #deny all;
}
 
这段代码是加在默认的server里的，
假设默认server的配置为
 
listen       127.0.0.1:;
server_name  127.0.0.1;
 
那么访问nginx的状态，就可以通过 curl 127.0.0.1/nginx_status访问了

自定义启动脚本

if [ $(ps -ef |grep "nginx" |grep -v "grep" |wc -l) -gt  ];then
  echo "Trying to quit existing nginx processes..."
  if $(/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit);then
    echo "Nginx quited."
  else
    echo "Failed to quietly quit Nginx."
    if $(/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop);then
      echo "Nginx stopped."
    else
      echo "Failed to stop Nginx, please kill the process."
      exit
    fi
  fi
else
  echo "No existing Nginx processes."
fi
 
echo "Starting the nginx service..."
if $(/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx);then
  echo "Nginx started."
else
  echo "Failed to start Nginx."
fi

一个用于添加到init.d服务的nginx服务脚本(未测试)

#!/bin/bash
# nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server
# this script create it by ivan at 2010.12..
#
# chkconfig: -
# description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.
#              It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone.
# processname: nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# config: /etc/nginx.conf
 
nginxd=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx_config=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx_pid=/usr/local/nginx/run/nginx.pid
 
RETVAL=
prog="nginx"
 
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
 
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
 
# Check that networking is up.
[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit
[ -x $nginxd ] || exit 
 
# Start nginx daemons functions.
start(){
 
        if [ -e $nginx_pid ]; then
                echo "nginx already running..."
                exit
        fi
        echo -n $"Starting $prog:"
        daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        [ $RETVAL =  ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx
        return $RETVAL
}
 
# Stop nginx daemons functions.
stop(){
        echo -n $"Stopping $prog:"
        killproc $nginxd
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        [ $RETVAL =  ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx $nginx_pid
}
 
#reload nginx service functions.
reload(){
        echo -n $"Reloading $proc:"
        killproc $nginxd -HUP
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
        start)
                start
                ;;
        stop)
                stop
                ;;
        reload)
                reload
                ;;
        restart)
                stop
                start
                ;;
        status)
                status $prog
                RETVAL=$?
                ;;
        *)
                echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"
                exit
esac
 
exit $RETVAL

让日志文件名按日期生成

if ($time_iso8601 ~ "^(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})") {
    set $year $;
    set $month $;
    set $day $;
}
 
access_log /var/log/nginx/$year-$month-$day-access.log;

让日志记录cookie

set $dm_cookie "";
  if ($http_cookie ~* "(.+)(?:;|$)") {
  set $dm_cookie $;
  }
 
# 然后在日志格式中添加 $dm_cookie