Docker深入浅出3-容器管理
docker客户端非常简单，我们可以直接输入docker命令来查看Docker客户端所有的命令项
[root@admin-fxr ~]# docker Usage: docker COMMAND A self-sufficient runtime for containers Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
--help Print usage
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to (default [])
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug", "info", "warn", "error", "fatal") (default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit Management Commands:
container Manage containers
image Manage images
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
volume Manage volumes Commands:
attach Attach to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects
kill Kill one or more running containers
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
可以通过命令docker command --help 更深入的了解指定的Docker命令使用方法。例如我们要查看docker status 指令的具体的使用方法
[root@admin-fxr ~]# docker stats --help Usage: docker stats [OPTIONS] [CONTAINER...] Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics Options:
-a, --all Show all containers (default shows just running)
--format string Pretty-print images using a Go template
--help Print usage
--no-stream Disable streaming stats and only pull the first result
[root@admin-fxr ~]#
运行WEB容器：
前面我们运行的容器并没有一些什么特殊的用处
接下来我们尝试使用docker构建一个web应用程序。
我们将在docker容器中运行一个java小程序
docker run -d -P training/webapp python app.py
参数说明：
-d：让容器在后台运行
-P: 将容器内部使用的网络端口映射到我们使用的主机上
我们写的java程序打包成一个docker镜像，然后实例化一个容器，就直接可以访问。
查看WEB应用容器的进程
[root@admin-fxr ~]# docker top mysql02
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
polkitd : ? :: mysqld
root : pts/ :: /bin/bash
root : pts/ :: mysql -uroot -px xxxx
root : ? :: /bin/bash
root : pts/ :: /bin/bash
[root@admin-fxr ~]#
查看web应用程序：使用docker inspect 来查看Docker的底层信息，它会返回一个JSON文件记录着Docker容器的配置和状态信息：
[root@admin-fxr ~]# docker inspect mysql02
[
{
"Id": "bb8c5376040e126df96ceb7d9ffb254804a5e031366b0601ff820f2374eaba74",
"Created": "2018-06-11T02:02:01.869077886Z",
"Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh",
"Args": [
"mysqld"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": ,
"ExitCode": ,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2018-06-11T02:02:02.177041787Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:a8a59477268d92f434d86a73b5ea6de9bf7b05d536359413e79da1feb31f87aa",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/bb8c5376040e126df96ceb7d9ffb254804a5e031366b0601ff820f2374eaba74/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/bb8c5376040e126df96ceb7d9ffb254804a5e031366b0601ff820f2374eaba74/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/bb8c5376040e126df96ceb7d9ffb254804a5e031366b0601ff820f2374eaba74/hosts",
"LogPath": "",
"Name": "/mysql02",
"RestartCount": ,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"MountLabel": "system_u:object_r:svirt_sandbox_file_t:s0:c129,c382",
"ProcessLabel": "system_u:system_r:svirt_lxc_net_t:s0:c129,c382",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": [
"7e4eec98867d3b1f0fda4936b82c7e0ea7294f31146bf538516e44718e2caa14",
"336a9b700f39b4186804d46ff020684ecfdb8effa59aa051c99d63e7606c403e",
"05343506cbf1971a8d1c34d3d749a13830260633ceb9a7202aec4960dc038601"
],
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "journald",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {
"3306/tcp": [
{
"HostIp": "",
"HostPort": ""
}
]
},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount":
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": ,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": ,
"Runtime": "docker-runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
, ],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": ,
"Memory": ,
"NanoCpus": ,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": ,
"BlkioWeightDevice": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": ,
"CpuQuota": ,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": ,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": ,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DiskQuota": ,
"KernelMemory": ,
"MemoryReservation": ,
"MemorySwap": ,
"MemorySwappiness": -,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": ,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": ,
"CpuPercent": ,
"IOMaximumIOps": ,
"IOMaximumBandwidth":
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Name": "overlay2",
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7a82ad0c45a2abd460e6037ef7bb1c6424bc3bbdd3300ab0653144b3bf32607c-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/812c628ee6a3d73b2e5625304e0cf1f5a65082870baaba31f6524ec456feb490/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/91a5fbeb0c686ad843bf7730b1f773f9bd5e4f196f1f502502e082dd510ead27/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/830daa3feafa22688bfb52dd81119d805ebab837ad3cedd7ac5f9d5f793783a1/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f56a48e5f09e646698d3dbdb689f08eba8dea2f49147934f67b143561918fea9/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c70b1ea7834fe8157049e8b3f3bf104b57a5c4ead0eb2dbc60149f72438e3ce9/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/82a315246590c8462d5eb47edb56b6849e3c6cdc67b5c9082e0be3bfa34d1bd4/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/74dfa5eaa2c884b217443ba87d7173a53bc287de3ea02e12b2944fd4676c282a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/707035914ce0c667e4aec7ddbd3e2dba3325d8c8f73344ae6736ee7c9a03c31d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ce1b273f2ead7c2f091ad1de6f5401c3c989075c9d5368714bd02f5122e518f6/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dc78b220d2479289e41af7cf28ec60bc60030cfc5e3d38be5343bdc57828207b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/423cd24bcc5d2c4025abf3358196394bd36ef1be6943e86c80a4ffda44ac2067/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/25ba916284f3a30bad8a723a0f06428fb7aa49332d2213736c79a2e9afedccdc/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7a82ad0c45a2abd460e6037ef7bb1c6424bc3bbdd3300ab0653144b3bf32607c/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7a82ad0c45a2abd460e6037ef7bb1c6424bc3bbdd3300ab0653144b3bf32607c/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7a82ad0c45a2abd460e6037ef7bb1c6424bc3bbdd3300ab0653144b3bf32607c/work"
}
},
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "volume",
"Name": "f6c63f01eb4065563842de03418bfe2d10a3645b9674d64d2f19b5bb053d6461",
"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/f6c63f01eb4065563842de03418bfe2d10a3645b9674d64d2f19b5bb053d6461/_data",
"Destination": "/var/lib/mysql",
"Driver": "local",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": ""
}
],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "bb8c5376040e",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"3306/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456",
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"GOSU_VERSION=1.7",
"MYSQL_MAJOR=8.0",
"MYSQL_VERSION=8.0.11-1debian9"
],
"Cmd": [
"mysqld"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "mysql",
"Volumes": {
"/var/lib/mysql": {}
},
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": [
"docker-entrypoint.sh"
],
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "08f01088ef9a536008fe9550a44df8e172ce5d86015416d69f207cb41bb51e62",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": ,
"Ports": {
"3306/tcp": [
{
"HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
"HostPort": ""
}
]
},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/08f01088ef9a",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "c2f5548748c4c88696205230c47b9e4d4cbe466157cf3ded96d0147f6ebd87a8",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": ,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": ,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "b387fe177a81bb2eb51d29e88da05b122bf8cc5d3d4f877f819208a29d41a0c8",
"EndpointID": "c2f5548748c4c88696205230c47b9e4d4cbe466157cf3ded96d0147f6ebd87a8",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": ,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": ,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02"
}
}
}
}
]
[root@admin-fxr ~]#
重启web应用程序：docker restart 容器名称
查询全部的容器：docker ps -a
查询最后一次创建的容器：docker ps -l
移除web应用程序：可以批量移除
docker rm 容器id1 容器id2 容器id3 容器id4 注意：删除容器的时候，容器必须是停止的状态，否则会报错。
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