java.lang.Integer 类（JDK1.7）

1.Integer 和int 的区别

　　①、Integer 是 int 包装类，int 是八大基本数据类型之一（byte,char,short,int,long,float,double,boolean）

　　②、Integer 是类，默认值为null，int是基本数据类型，默认值为0；

　　③、Integer 表示的是对象，用一个引用指向这个对象，而int是基本数据类型，直接存储数值。

2.源码解析

package java.lang;

import java.util.Properties;

public final class Integer extends Number implements Comparable<Integer> {
    /**
     * A constant holding the minimum value an {@code int} can
     * have, -2<sup>31</sup>.
     */
    public static final int   MIN_VALUE = 0x80000000;  // -2的31次方（ -2147483648）

    /**
     * A constant holding the maximum value an {@code int} can
     * have, 2<sup>31</sup>-1.
     */
    public static final int   MAX_VALUE = 0x7fffffff;  //2的31次方减1（2147483647）

    /**
     * The {@code Class} instance representing the primitive type
     * {@code int}.
     *
     * @since   JDK1.1
     */
    public static final Class<Integer>  TYPE = (Class<Integer>) Class.getPrimitiveClass("int");

    /**
     * All possible chars for representing a number as a String
     */
    final static char[] digits = {
        '0' , '1' , '2' , '3' , '4' , '5' ,
        '6' , '7' , '8' , '9' , 'a' , 'b' ,
        'c' , 'd' , 'e' , 'f' , 'g' , 'h' ,
        'i' , 'j' , 'k' , 'l' , 'm' , 'n' ,
        'o' , 'p' , 'q' , 'r' , 's' , 't' ,
        'u' , 'v' , 'w' , 'x' , 'y' , 'z'
    };

    public static String toString(int i, int radix) {

        if (radix < Character.MIN_RADIX || radix > Character.MAX_RADIX)
            radix = 10;

        /* Use the faster version */
        if (radix == 10) {
            return toString(i);
        }

        char buf[] = new char[33];
        boolean negative = (i < 0);
        int charPos = 32;

        if (!negative) {
            i = -i;
        }

        while (i <= -radix) {
            buf[charPos--] = digits[-(i % radix)];
            i = i / radix;
        }
        buf[charPos] = digits[-i];

        if (negative) {
            buf[--charPos] = '-';
        }

        return new String(buf, charPos, (33 - charPos));
    }

    public static String toHexString(int i) {
        return toUnsignedString(i, 4);
    }

    public static String toOctalString(int i) {
        return toUnsignedString(i, 3);
    }

    public static String toBinaryString(int i) {
        return toUnsignedString(i, 1);
    }

    /**
     * Convert the integer to an unsigned number.
     */
    private static String toUnsignedString(int i, int shift) {
        char[] buf = new char[32];
        int charPos = 32;
        int radix = 1 << shift;
        int mask = radix - 1;
        do {
            buf[--charPos] = digits[i & mask];
            i >>>= shift;
        } while (i != 0);

        return new String(buf, charPos, (32 - charPos));
    }

    final static char [] DigitTens = {
        '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0',
        '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1',
        '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2',
        '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3',
        '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4',
        '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5',
        '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6',
        '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7',
        '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8',
        '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9',
        } ;

    final static char [] DigitOnes = {
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        } ;

    public static String toString(int i) {
        if (i == Integer.MIN_VALUE)
            return "-2147483648";
        int size = (i < 0) ? stringSize(-i) + 1 : stringSize(i);
        char[] buf = new char[size];
        getChars(i, size, buf);
        return new String(buf, true);
    }

    static void getChars(int i, int index, char[] buf) {
        int q, r;
        int charPos = index;
        char sign = 0;

        if (i < 0) {
            sign = '-';
            i = -i;
        }

        // Generate two digits per iteration
        while (i >= 65536) {
            q = i / 100;
        // really: r = i - (q * 100);
            r = i - ((q << 6) + (q << 5) + (q << 2));
            i = q;
            buf [--charPos] = DigitOnes[r];
            buf [--charPos] = DigitTens[r];
        }

        // Fall thru to fast mode for smaller numbers
        // assert(i <= 65536, i);
        for (;;) {
            q = (i * 52429) >>> (16+3);
            r = i - ((q << 3) + (q << 1));  // r = i-(q*10) ...
            buf [--charPos] = digits [r];
            i = q;
            if (i == 0) break;
        }
        if (sign != 0) {
            buf [--charPos] = sign;
        }
    }

    final static int [] sizeTable = { 9, 99, 999, 9999, 99999, 999999, 9999999,
                                      99999999, 999999999, Integer.MAX_VALUE };

    // Requires positive x
    static int stringSize(int x) {
        for (int i=0; ; i++)
            if (x <= sizeTable[i])
                return i+1;
    }

    public static int parseInt(String s, int radix)
                throws NumberFormatException
    {

        //如果转换的字符串如果为null，直接抛出空指针异常
        if (s == null) {
            throw new NumberFormatException("null");
        }
        //如果转换的radix(默认是10)<2 则抛出数字格式异常，因为进制最小是 2 进制
        if (radix < Character.MIN_RADIX) {
            throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
                                            " less than Character.MIN_RADIX");
        }
        //如果转换的radix(默认是10)>36 则抛出数字格式异常，因为0到9一共10位，a到z一共26位，所以一共36位
       //也就是最高只能有36进制数
        if (radix > Character.MAX_RADIX) {
            throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
                                            " greater than Character.MAX_RADIX");
        }

        int result = 0;
        boolean negative = false;
        int i = 0, len = s.length(); //len是待转换字符串的长度
        int limit = -Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        int multmin;
        int digit;

        if (len > 0) {
            char firstChar = s.charAt(0); //获取待转换字符串的第一个字符
			//这里主要用来判断第一个字符是"+"或者"-"，因为这两个字符的 ASCII码都小于字符'0'
            if (firstChar < '0') {
                if (firstChar == '-') {
                    negative = true;
                    limit = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
                } else if (firstChar != '+')
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);

                if (len == 1) //待转换字符长度是1，不能是单独的"+"或者"-"，否则抛出异常
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                i++;
            }
            multmin = limit / radix;
			//通过不断循环，将字符串除掉第一个字符之后，根据进制不断相乘在相加得到一个正整数
            while (i < len) {
                // Accumulating negatively avoids surprises near MAX_VALUE
                digit = Character.digit(s.charAt(i++),radix);
                if (digit < 0) {
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                }
                if (result < multmin) {
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                }
                result *= radix;
                if (result < limit + digit) {
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                }
                result -= digit;
            }
        } else {
            throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
        }
        return negative ? result : -result;
    }

    public static int parseInt(String s) throws NumberFormatException {
        return parseInt(s,10);
    }

    public static Integer valueOf(String s) throws NumberFormatException {
        return Integer.valueOf(parseInt(s, 10));
    }

    private static class IntegerCache {
        static final int low = -128;
        static final int high;
        static final Integer cache[];

        static {
            // high value may be configured by property
            int h = 127;
            String integerCacheHighPropValue =
                sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
            if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
                int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
                i = Math.max(i, 127);
                // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
                h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low));
            }
            high = h;

            cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
            int j = low;
            for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
                cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
        }

        private IntegerCache() {}
    }

    public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
        assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
        if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
            return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
        return new Integer(i);
    }

    /**
     * The value of the {@code Integer}.
     *
     * @serial
     */
    private final int value;

    /**
     * Constructs a newly allocated {@code Integer} object that
     * represents the specified {@code int} value.
     *
     * @param   value   the value to be represented by the
     *                  {@code Integer} object.
     */
    public Integer(int value) {
        this.value = value;
    }

    public Integer(String s) throws NumberFormatException {
        this.value = parseInt(s, 10);  //其中s表示我们需要转换的字符串，10表示以十进制输出，默认也是10进制
    }

    /**
     * Returns the value of this {@code Integer} as a
     * {@code byte}.
     */
    public byte byteValue() {
        return (byte)value;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the value of this {@code Integer} as a
     * {@code short}.
     */
    public short shortValue() {
        return (short)value;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the value of this {@code Integer} as an
     * {@code int}.
     */
    public int intValue() {
        return value;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the value of this {@code Integer} as a
     * {@code long}.
     */
    public long longValue() {
        return (long)value;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the value of this {@code Integer} as a
     * {@code float}.
     */
    public float floatValue() {
        return (float)value;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the value of this {@code Integer} as a
     * {@code double}.
     */
    public double doubleValue() {
        return (double)value;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return toString(value);
    }

    public int hashCode() {
        return value;
    }

    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (obj instanceof Integer) {
            return value == ((Integer)obj).intValue();
        }
        return false;
    }

    public static Integer getInteger(String nm) {
        return getInteger(nm, null);
    }

    public static Integer decode(String nm) throws NumberFormatException {
        int radix = 10;
        int index = 0;
        boolean negative = false;
        Integer result;

        if (nm.length() == 0)
            throw new NumberFormatException("Zero length string");
        char firstChar = nm.charAt(0);
        // Handle sign, if present
        if (firstChar == '-') {
            negative = true;
            index++;
        } else if (firstChar == '+')
            index++;

        // Handle radix specifier, if present
        if (nm.startsWith("0x", index) || nm.startsWith("0X", index)) {
            index += 2;
            radix = 16;
        }
        else if (nm.startsWith("#", index)) {
            index ++;
            radix = 16;
        }
        else if (nm.startsWith("0", index) && nm.length() > 1 + index) {
            index ++;
            radix = 8;
        }

        if (nm.startsWith("-", index) || nm.startsWith("+", index))
            throw new NumberFormatException("Sign character in wrong position");

        try {
            result = Integer.valueOf(nm.substring(index), radix);
            result = negative ? Integer.valueOf(-result.intValue()) : result;
        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
            // If number is Integer.MIN_VALUE, we'll end up here. The next line
            // handles this case, and causes any genuine format error to be
            // rethrown.
            String constant = negative ? ("-" + nm.substring(index))
                                       : nm.substring(index);
            result = Integer.valueOf(constant, radix);
        }
        return result;
    }

    public int compareTo(Integer anotherInteger) {
        return compare(this.value, anotherInteger.value);
    }

    public static int compare(int x, int y) {
        return (x < y) ? -1 : ((x == y) ? 0 : 1);
    }

    public static final int SIZE = 32;

    public static int highestOneBit(int i) {
        // HD, Figure 3-1
        i |= (i >>  1);
        i |= (i >>  2);
        i |= (i >>  4);
        i |= (i >>  8);
        i |= (i >> 16);
        return i - (i >>> 1);
    }
}　

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/ysocean/p/8075676.html ，