用sql语句生成sqlserver数据库表的数据字典

SELECT  表名=CASE WHEN C.column_id=1 THEN O.name ELSE N'' END,
       表描述=ISNULL(CASE WHEN C.column_id=1 THEN PTB.[value] END,N''),
       字段序号=C.column_id,
       字段名称=C.name,
       字段描述=ISNULL(PFD.[value],N''),
       主键=ISNULL(IDX.PrimaryKey,N''),
       是否递增=CASE WHEN C.is_identity=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
       是否计算=CASE WHEN C.is_computed=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
       数据类型=T.name,
       最大长度=C.max_length,
       数据长度=C.precision,
       小数长度=C.scale,
       允许空值=CASE WHEN C.is_nullable=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
       默认值=ISNULL(D.definition,N''),
       索引名称=ISNULL(IDX.IndexName,N''),
       索引类型=ISNULL(IDX.Sort,N''),
       创建日期=O.Create_Date,
       修改日期=O.Modify_date
FROM sys.columns C
INNER JOIN sys.objects O ON C.[object_id]=O.[object_id]
       AND O.type='U'
       AND O.is_ms_shipped=0
INNER JOIN sys.types T ON C.user_type_id=T.user_type_id
LEFT JOIN sys.default_constraints D ON C.[object_id]=D.parent_object_id
       AND C.column_id=D.parent_column_id
       AND C.default_object_id=D.[object_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties PFD ON PFD.class=1
       AND C.[object_id]=PFD.major_id
       AND C.column_id=PFD.minor_id
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties PTB ON PTB.class=1
       AND PTB.minor_id=0
       AND C.[object_id]=PTB.major_id
LEFT JOIN
(
  SELECT IDXC.[object_id],
         IDXC.column_id,
         Sort=CASE INDEXKEY_PROPERTY(IDXC.[object_id],IDXC.index_id,IDXC.index_column_id,'IsDescending')
                WHEN 1 THEN 'DESC'
                WHEN 0 THEN 'ASC'                  ELSE ''
              END,
         PrimaryKey=CASE WHEN IDX.is_primary_key=1 THEN N'√'ELSE N'' END,
         IndexName=IDX.Name
  FROM sys.indexes IDX
  INNER JOIN sys.index_columns IDXC ON IDX.[object_id]=IDXC.[object_id]
         AND IDX.index_id=IDXC.index_id
  LEFT JOIN sys.key_constraints KC ON IDX.[object_id]=KC.[parent_object_id]
         AND IDX.index_id=KC.unique_index_id
  INNER JOIN
  (
    SELECT [object_id], Column_id, index_id=MIN(index_id)
    FROM sys.index_columns
    GROUP BY [object_id], Column_id
  ) IDXCUQ ON IDXC.[object_id]=IDXCUQ.[object_id]
         AND IDXC.Column_id=IDXCUQ.Column_id
         AND IDXC.index_id=IDXCUQ.index_id
) IDX ON C.[object_id]=IDX.[object_id]
       AND C.column_id=IDX.column_id
WHERE O.name=N'MyTableName'
ORDER BY O.name,C.column_id 

MyTableName为数据库表的名称

为表添加新字段: ALTER TABLE [MyTableName] ADD  字段名称 varchar(10) NULL