Web Application Deployment Using Nginx

Nginx is a very high performant web server / (reverse)-proxy. It has reached its current popularity due to being light weight, relatively easy to work with, and easy to extend (with add-ons / plug-ins). Thanks to its architecture, it is capable of handling a lot of requests (virtually unlimited), which - depending on your application or website load - could be really hard to tackle using some other, older alternatives.

Remember: "Handling" connections technically means not dropping them and being able to serve them with something. You still need your application and database functioning well in order to have Nginx serve clients *esponses that are not error messages.

Why use Nginx as a reverse-proxy in front of an application server?

Many frameworks and application servers (including Gunicorn) can serve static files (e.g. javascript, css, images etc.) together with responses. However, the better thing to do is to let a (reverse-proxy) server such as Nginx handle the task of serving these files and managing connections (requests). This relieves a lot of the load from the application servers, granting you a much better overall performance.

As your application grows, you will want to optimize it— and when the time comes, distribute it across servers (VPS) to be able to handle more connections simultaneously (and have a generally more robust architecture). Having a reverse-proxy in front of your application server(s) helps you with this from the very beginning.

Nginx's extensibility (e.g. native caching along with failover and other mechanisms) is also a great feat that benefits web applications unlike (simpler) application servers.

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-deploy-python-wsgi-apps-using-gunicorn-http-server-behind-nginx

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Why do I need Nginx and something like Gunicorn?

Overly simplified: You need something that executes Python but Python isn't the best at handling all types of requests.

[disclaimer: I'm a Gunicorn developer]

Less simplified: Regardless of what app server you use (Gunicorn, mod_wsgi, mod_uwsgi, cherrypy) any sort of non-trivial deployment will have something upstream that will handle the requests that your Django app should not be handling. Trivial examples of such requests are serving static assets (images/css/js).

This results in two first tiers of the classic "three tier architecture". Ie, the webserver (Nginx in your case) will handle many requests for images and static resources. Requests that need to be dynamically generated will then be passed on to the application server (Gunicorn in your example). (As an aside, the third of the three tiers is the database)

Historically speaking, each of these tiers would be hosted on separate machines (and there would most likely be multiple machines in the first two tiers, ie: 5 web servers dispatch requests to two app servers which in turn query a single database).

In the modern era we now have applications of all shapes and sizes. Not every weekend project or small business site actually needs the horsepower of multiple machines and will run quite happily on a single box. This has spawned new entries into the array of hosting solutions. Some solutions will marry the app server to the web server (Apache httpd + mod_wsgi, Nginx + mod_uwsgi, etc). And its not at all uncommon to host the database on the same machine as one of these web/app server combinations.

Now in the case of Gunicorn, we made a specific decision (copying from Ruby's Unicorn) to keep things separate from Nginx while relying on Nginx's proxying behavior. Specifically, if we can assume that Gunicorn will never read connections directly from the internet, then we don't have to worry about clients that are slow. This means that the processing model for Gunicorn is embarrassingly simple.

The separation also allows Gunicorn to be written in pure Python which minimizes the cost of development while not significantly impacting performance. It also allows users the ability to use other proxies (assuming they buffer correctly).

As to your second question about what actually handles the HTTP request, the simple answer is Gunicorn. The complete answer is both Nginx and Gunicorn handle the request. Basically, Nginx will receive the request and if it's a dynamic request (generally based on URL patterns) then it will give that request to Gunicorn, which will process it, and then return a response to Nginx which then forwards the response back to the original client.

So in closing, yes. You need both Nginx and Gunicorn (or something similar) for a proper Django deployment. If you're specifically looking to host Django with Nginx, then I would investigate Gunicorn, mod_uwsgi, and maybe CherryPy as candidates for the Django side of things.

Gunicorn 和 Nginx的更多相关文章

  1. gunicorn+anaconda+nginx部署django项目(ubuntu)

    首先进入conda 虚拟环境: source activate test 安装gunicorn: pip install gunicorn 运行gunicorn gunicorn -w 2 -b 12 ...

  2. 在nginx上部署django项目--------Gunicorn+Django+nginx+mysql

    一.安装nginx 以前的博客我有写,这里就不写了 http://www.cnblogs.com/wt11/p/6420442.html 二.安装mysql 我用的mysql5.7  64位的二进制包 ...

  3. (Nginx + Gunicorn) 时 nginx 400 request line is too large (4360 4094)

    查看nginx下面两个参数 值是否满足 client_header_buffer_size 512k;large_client_header_buffers 4 512k; 满足依然出现 如果ngin ...

  4. gunicorn flask nginx环境配置

    防火墙端口设置****修改后要重启生效(有时在控制面板中设置80端口无法生效) /etc/init.d/iptables statusservice iptables stopfirewall-cmd ...

  5. Python3 Flask+nginx+Gunicorn部署(上)

    前言:一般在本地运行flask项目通常是直接python3 文件名.py,然后打开:http://127.0.0.1:5000 查看代码结果 这次主要是记录flask在python3 环境结合ngin ...

  6. 【新手向】阿里云上ubuntu+flask+gunicorn+nginx服务器部署(二)项目部署

    本项目实现的是类似于ins的图片分享网站.继续(一),当nginx的配置已修改好后,要在远程服务器上部署网站,只需要几个步骤: 1 前期准备 2 将运行网站的代码从github上下载过来 3 下载依赖 ...

  7. 如何使用Nginx和uWSGI或Gunicorn在Ubuntu上部署Flask Web应用

    你好!欢迎阅读我的博文,你可以跳转到我的个人博客网站,会有更好的排版效果和功能. 此外,本篇博文为本人Pushy原创,如需转载请注明出处:https://pushy.site/posts/151981 ...

  8. nginx+uwsgi 和nginx+gunicorn区别、如何部署

    [线上环境部署Django,nginx+uwsgi 和nginx+gunicorn,这两种方案,应该如何选择?] 大家是采用的何种部署方式? 第一种,高并发稳定一点 我们公司使用的是nginx+gun ...

  9. 使用docker-compose部署nginx+gunicorn+mariadb的django应用

    目录 1. docker-compose 项目的组织目录 2. 构建 mysql 容器 3. 构建 django-blog 容器 4. 构建 nginx 容器 5. docker-compose.ya ...

随机推荐

  1. 使用chrome查看页面元素的css样式

    使用chrome查看页面元素的css样式 我们在写页面的时候,可能总是不知道怎么回事,就发现某个元素出现了问题,但是不知道为什么会这样,这时候,就需要使用强大的chrome了!!! 举例说明: 1. ...

  2. 淘淘商城基于maven和svn的理解

    首先了解下maven和svn是什么: Maven是一个项目的管理工具,它包含了一个项目对象模型 (Project Object Model),一组标准集合,一个项目的生命周期(Project Life ...

  3. IOS 中的CoreImage框架(framework)

    http://www.cnblogs.com/try2do-neo/p/3601546.html coreimage framework 组成 apple 已经帮我们把image的处理分类好,来看看它 ...

  4. js006-面向对象的程序设计

    js006-面向对象的程序设计 面向对象(Object-Oriented,OO)的语言有一个标志,那就是他们都有类的概念.而通过类可以创建多个具有相同属性和方法的对象. ECMA-262把对象定义为: ...

  5. matlab注释

    单行注释: 两个'%': 多行注释: A. %{ 若干语句 %} B. 注释: 选中要注释的若干语句, 编辑器菜单Text->Comment, 或者快捷键Ctrl+R 取消注释: 选中要取消注释 ...

  6. LaTeX 页眉页脚的设置

    Latex中页眉页脚的设置 1. 首先要加页眉页脚的话,需要启动宏: 我通常用fancyhdr宏包来设置页眉和页脚. \usepackage{fancyhdr} 我们在 LaTeX 中先把 page ...

  7. python中,ascii,unicode,utf8,gbk之间的关系梳理

    在计算机中,经常遇到编码问题,本节主要梳理下ascii,unicode,utf8,gbk 这几种编码之间的关系. ASCII 计算机中,所有数据都以0和1来表示.在一开始的时候,要表示的内容比较少,人 ...

  8. 硬盘安装win10

    http://hd.ruanmei.com/

  9. C# 实现 Snowflake算法 ID生成

    http://blog.csdn.net/w200221626/article/details/52064976 C# 实现 Snowflake算法 /// <summary> /// 动 ...

  10. Python之路【第十六篇续】Django进阶篇

    Django请求生命周期 首先:对于所有的web框架来说本质就是一个socket服务端,浏览器是socket客户端 路由系统 在Django的urls中我们可以根据一个URL对应一个函数名来定义路由规 ...