python基本数据类型操作

str 字符串

#1.进行字符串转换 首字母转换成大写
# name = 'wangjianhui'
# v = name.capitalize()
# print(v)
 
#2. 字符转换小写
# name = 'WangJianHui' #将所有的字符串转换成小写 包括多种语言
# v = name.casefold()
# print(v)
# name = 'WangJianHui' #将所有字符转换成小写，只限于英文
# v = name.lower()
# print(v)
 
#3 填充空白
# name = 'wangjianhui'  #填充空白 将字符串内容居中
# v = name.center(50,'*')
# print(v)
 
#4 查询索引
# name = 'wangjianhui123321' 查询出现字符的次数
# v = name.count('1')
# v = name.count('wang',0,15)指定查询位置以某索引开始到某索引结束
# print(v)
 
#5查询是否已某字段开始或结束
# name = 'wangjianhui'
# v = name.endswith('hui')
# print(v)
# v = name.startswith('wang')
 
#6 找到制表符\t，进行替换（包含前面的值）
# name = 'name:\twangjianhui\nage:\t19'
# v = name.expandtabs(10)#
# print(v)
 
#7 查询索引位置
# name = 'wangjianhui'
# v = name.index('w') 字符串中不存在的内容 查找会报错
# print(v)
# v = name.find('w') 字符串不存在的内容 查找返回-1
# print(v)
 
#8 字符串格式化方法
# infomesion = 'name:%sage:%sjob:%s'  %s占位符
# print(infomesion%('wangjianhui',19,'it'))
 
# infomesion = 'name:{0};age:{1};job{2}' format方法
# v = infomesion.format('wangjianhui',19,'it')
# print(v)
# infomesion = 'name:{name};age:{age};job{nianling}'
# v = infomesion.format(name='wangjianhui',age=19,nianling='it')
# print(v)
 
# infomesion = 'name:{name};age:{age};job{nianling}' format_map 以字典的形式进行填充
# v = infomesion.format_map({'name':'wangjianhui','age':19,'nianling':'it'})
# print(v)
 
#9字符串内容进行判断
#是否是数字、汉字不能包含特殊符号
# name = 'wangjianhui男子汉1'
# v = name.isalnum()
# print(v)
#判断是否是数字
# name = '②'
# v1 = name.isdecimal() #只能判断是否为阿拉伯数字
# v2 = name.isdigit() #特殊数字如②也可识别
# v3 = name.isnumeric()#阿拉伯数字及② 二都可识别
# print(v1,v2,v3)
 
#10
#判断是否是标识符
# name = 'wangjianhui'
# v = name.isidentifier()
# print(v)
 
#11
#判断是否全部是小写
# name = 'WangJianHui'
# v1 = name.islower()
# v2 = name.isupper()
# print(v1,v2)
 
#12
#全部变大写 对应全部小写lower
# name = 'wangjianhui'
# v = name.upper()
# print(v)
 
# 13
# 是否包含隐含的xx
# name = "钓鱼要钓刀鱼，\n刀鱼要到岛上钓"
# v = name.isprintable()
# print(v)
 
# 14
# 是否全部是空格
# name = '    '
# v = name.isspace()
# print(v)
 
#15
#内部循环每个元素
# name = 'wangjianhui'
# v = '_'.join(name)
# print(v)
# name = ['王建辉','金丽珍']
# v = '爱'.join(name)
# print(v)
 
#16
#字符替换
# name = 'aleX'
# v = name.replace('l','p')
# print(v)
 
#17
#转换字节类型
# name = '王建辉'
# v1 = name.encode(encoding='utf-8')
# v2 = name.encode(encoding='gbk')
# print(v1,v2)
 
#18左右填充
# center,rjust,ljust
# name = 'wangjianhui'
# v = name.ljust(20,'*')
# print(v)
 
#19对应关系加翻译
# m = str.maketrans('wangjianhui','123456')
# name = 'wangxiaoerweqrrwrwrq;wfasfs'
# v = name.translate(m)
# print(v)
 
#20保留分割的元素
# content = "李泉SB刘康SB刘浩SB刘一"
# v = content.replace('SB','Love')
# print(v)
# v = content.replace('SB','Love',1) 指定几个字符替换
# print(v)
 
# 21，移除空白,\n,\t，自定义
# name = 'alex\t'
# v = name.strip() # 空白,\n,\t
# print(v)
 
# 22. 大小写转换
# name = "Alex"
# v = name.swapcase()
# print(v)
 
#23填充0
# name = 'wangjianhui'
# v = name.zfill(30)
#
# name1 = 'wangjianhui1'
# v = name + name1
# print(v)
 
###### 字符串功能总结：
# name = 'alex' 创建字符串给变量 或str（）
# name.upper()  转换为大写
# name.lower()转换为小写
# name.split() 切割
# name.find() 查找索引 没有不会报错
# name.strip() 移除空白或指定符号
# name.startswith()以什么内容开始
# name.format() 表格填充
# name.replace() 保留分割元素替换
# "alex".join(["aa",'bb']) 添加分割
 
###### 额外功能：
# name = "alex"
# name[0]
# name[0:3]
# name[0:3:2]
# len(name)
# for循环，每个元素是字符
# for i len(name):
#     print(name[i])

int 整数

#1. 获取当前数值二进制最小位数
# name = 10
# v = name.bit_length()
# print(v)
 
#2.获取当前数据的字节表示
# name = 15
# v = name.to_bytes(5,byteorder='big') #位数表示 从后往前正常显示
# v1 = name.to_bytes(5,byteorder='little')#从前往后反向显示
# print(v,v1)

bool 布尔值

#1. False True
#0为False 1或其他为True
# print(bool(0))

list 列表

# user_list = ['李泉','刘一','刘康','豆豆','小龙'] # 可变类型
# PS:
#功能集合
#1.追加 append
# user_list = ['李泉','刘一','刘康','豆豆','小龙']
# user_list.append('王二')
# print(user_list)
 
#2.清空 clear
# user_list = ['李泉','刘一','刘康','豆豆','小龙']
# user_list.clear()
# print(user_list)
 
#3.拷贝 浅拷贝copy
# user_list = ['李泉','刘一','刘康','豆豆','小龙']
# user_list1 = user_list.copy()
# print(user_list1)
 
#4.计数 统计某个列表字符数量 count
# user_list = ['李泉','刘一','刘康','豆豆','小龙']
# user_c = user_list.count('小龙')
# print(user_c)
 
#5.扩展列表 extend
# user_list = ['李泉','刘一','刘康','豆豆','小龙']
# user_list.extend(['王建辉','王二小'])
# print(user_list)
 
#6.查找元素索引，没有则报错 index
# user_list = ['李泉','刘一','刘康','豆豆','小龙']
# v = user_list.index('小龙')
# print(v)
 
#7.删除 pop(按照索引删除，并保存删除值) remove（指定删除内容不保存） del（索引删除不保留）
# user_list = ['李泉','刘一','刘康','豆豆','小龙']
# v = user_list.pop(1)
# print(v,user_list)
 
# del user_list[1]
# print(user_list)
 
# user_list.remove('李泉')
# print(user_list)
 
#8.列表翻转 reverse
# user_list = ['李泉','刘一','刘康','豆豆','小龙']
# user_list.reverse()
# print(user_list)
 
#9.排序 sort
#user_list = [1,'李泉','刘一','刘康','豆豆','小龙']#数字和字符不能进行排序
# user_list = [10,20,5,67,44]
# user_list.sort() #从小到大
# print(user_list)
# user_list.sort(reverse=True/False) 从大到小或从小到大
# print(user_list)
 
#10.
 
######  额外：
# user_list = ['李泉','刘一','李泉','刘康','豆豆','小龙']
# user_list[0]
# user_list[1:5:2] #显示从索引开始结束 跳着显示
# del user_list[3]
# for i in user_list: #循环显示
#     print(i)
# user_list[1] = '姜日天' 覆盖或修改
# user_list = ['李泉','刘一','李泉','刘康','豆豆',['日天','日地','泰迪'],'小龙'] #嵌套

range,enumrate

# 1. 请输出1-10
# 2.7: 立即生成所有数字
# range(1,11) # 生成 1,23，，4,56.10
 
# 3.x: 不会立即生成，只有循环迭代时，才一个一个生成
# for i in range(1,11): #
#     print(i)
 
# for i in range(1,11,2): #
#     print(i)
 
# for i in range(10,0,-1): #
#     print(i)
 
# 2. range: 三个参数
#
# li = ['eric','alex','tony']
# # range,len,li循环
# for i in range(0,len(li)):
#     ele = li[i]
#     print(ele)
 
# li = ['eric','alex','tony']
# for i in li:
#     print(i)
 
# for i in range(0,len(li)):
#     print(i+1,li[i])
 
# enumerate额外生成一列有序的数字
# li = ['eric','alex','tony']
# for i,ele in enumerate(li,1):
#     print(i,ele)
#
# v = input('请输入商品序号：')
# v = int(v)
# item = li[v-1]
# print(item)

tuple：元组,不可被修改的列表；不可变类型

#创建元组
#name = ('wnagjianhui','wangxiaoer','wangerxiao')
#1.获取元祖字符个数
# name = ('wangjianhui','wangxiaoer','wangerxiao')
# v = name.count('wangjianhui')
# print(v)
 
#2.获取索引位置
# name = ('wangjianhui','wangxiaoer','wangerxiao')
# v = name.index('wangjianhui')
# print(v)
 
#3.额外
# user_tuple = ('alex','eric','seven','alex')
# for i in user_tuple:
#     print(i)
 
# v = user_tuple[0]
 
# v = user_tuple[0:2]
# print(v)
 
# user_tuple = ('alex','eric','seven',['陈涛','刘浩','赵芬芬'],'alex')
# user_tuple[0] = 123   x
# user_tuple[3] = [11,22,33] x
# user_tuple[3][1] = '刘一'
# print(user_tuple)
 
# li = ['陈涛','刘浩',('alex','eric','seven'),'赵芬芬']
# ****** 元组最后，加逗号 ******
# li = ('alex',)
# print(li)

dict：字典: 可变类型

#1.清空字典 clear
# namedic = {'name':'wangjianhui','age':19,'job':'it'}
# namedic.clear()
# print(namedic)
 
#2.浅拷贝 copy
# namedic = {'name':'wangjianhui','age':19,'job':'it'}
# namedic1 = namedic.copy()
# print(namedic1)
 
#3.根据key值获取value值，不存在不报错 get
# namedic = {'name':'wangjianhui','age':19,'job':'it'} get查找根据key找value 找不到不报错
# namedic1 = namedic.get('name')
# print(namedic1)
 
#4.删除key对应的value值 并保存删除值
# namedic = {'name':'wangjianhui','age':19,'job':'it'}
# namedic1 = namedic.pop('name')
# print(namedic1,namedic)
 
# 5. 随机删除键值对，并获取到删除的键值 popitem
# dic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2'}
# v = dic.popitem()
# print(dic)
# print(v)
 
# v = dic.popitem() # ('k2', 'v2')
# print(dic)
# print(v[0],v[1])
 
#6.增加字典 如果存在则不作操作
# namedic = {'name':'wangjianhui','age':19,'job':'it'}
# namedic.setdefault('wait','1111')
# print(namedic)
 
#7.批量增加或修改
# namedic = {'name':'wangjianhui','age':19,'job':'it'}
# namedic.update({'name':'wangxiaoer','wait':'111'})
# print(namedic)
 
#8.批量创建字典
# dic = dict.fromkeys(['k1','k2','k3'],321)
# print(dic)
 
# ########## 额外：
# - 字典可以嵌套
# - 字典key: 必须是不可变类型
# dic = {
#     'k1': 'v1',
#     'k2': [1,2,3,],
#     (1,2): 'lllll',
#     1: 'fffffffff',
#     111: 'asdf',
# }
# print(dic)
# key:
#     - 不可变
#     - True,1
 
# dic = {'k1':'v1'}
# del dic['k1']

set集合

# s1 = {"alex",'eric','tony','李泉','李泉11'}
# s2 = {"alex",'eric','tony','刘一'}
# 1.s1中存在，s2中不存在
# v = s1.difference(s2)
# print(v)
# ####　s1中存在，s2中不存在，然后对s1清空，然后在重新复制
# s1.difference_update(s2)
# print(s1)
 
# 2.s2中存在，s1中不存在
# v = s2.difference(s1)
# print(v)
 
# 3.s2中存在，s1中不存在
# s1中存在，s2中不存在
# v = s1.symmetric_difference(s2)
# print(v)
# 4. 交集
# v = s1.intersection(s2)
# print(v)
# 5. 并集
# v = s1.union(s2)
# print(v)
 
# 6. 移除
# s1 = {"alex",'eric','tony','李泉','李泉11'}
# s1.discard('alex')
# print(s1)
 
# s1 = {"alex",'eric','tony','李泉','李泉11'}
# s1.update({'alex','123123','fff'})
# print(s1)
# ##### 额外：
 
# s1 = {"alex",'eric','tony','李泉','李泉11'}
# for i in s1:
#     print(i)
 
# s1 = {"alex",'eric','tony','李泉','李泉11',(11,22,33)}
# for i in s1:
#     print(i)