Kubernetes 系列（六）:Kubernetes部署Prometheus监控

1.创建命名空间

新建一个yaml文件命名为monitor-namespace.yaml，写入如下内容：

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: monitoring

执行如下命令创建monitoring命名空间：

kubectl create -f monitor-namespace.yaml

2.创建ClusterRole

你需要对上面创建的命名空间分配集群的读取权限，以便Prometheus可以通过Kubernetes的API获取集群的资源目标。

新建一个yaml文件命名为cluster-role.yaml，写入如下内容：

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: prometheus
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources:
  - nodes
  - nodes/proxy
  - services
  - endpoints
  - pods
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups:
  - extensions
  resources:
  - ingresses
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- nonResourceURLs: ["/metrics"]
  verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: prometheus
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: default
  namespace: monitoring

执行如下命令创建:

kubectl create -f cluster-role.yaml

3.创建Config Map

我们需要创建一个Config Map保存后面创建Prometheus容器用到的一些配置，这些配置包含了从Kubernetes集群中动态发现pods和运行中的服务。
新建一个yaml文件命名为config-map.yaml，写入如下内容：

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-server-conf
  labels:
    name: prometheus-server-conf
  namespace: monitoring
data:
  prometheus.yml: |-
    global:
      scrape_interval: 5s
      evaluation_interval: 5s
    scrape_configs:
      - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiservers'
        kubernetes_sd_configs:
        - role: endpoints
        scheme: https
        tls_config:
          ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
        bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
        relabel_configs:
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
          action: keep
          regex: default;kubernetes;https

      - job_name: 'kubernetes-nodes'
        scheme: https
        tls_config:
          ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
        bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
        kubernetes_sd_configs:
        - role: node
        relabel_configs:
        - action: labelmap
          regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
        - target_label: __address__
          replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
          regex: (.+)
          target_label: __metrics_path__
          replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${}/proxy/metrics

      - job_name: 'kubernetes-pods'
        kubernetes_sd_configs:
        - role: pod
        relabel_configs:
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
          action: keep
          regex: true
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
          action: replace
          target_label: __metrics_path__
          regex: (.+)
        - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
          action: replace
          regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
          replacement: $:$
          target_label: __address__
        - action: labelmap
          regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
          action: replace
          target_label: kubernetes_namespace
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
          action: replace
          target_label: kubernetes_pod_name

      - job_name: 'kubernetes-cadvisor'
        scheme: https
        tls_config:
          ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
        bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
        kubernetes_sd_configs:
        - role: node
        relabel_configs:
        - action: labelmap
          regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
        - target_label: __address__
          replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
          regex: (.+)
          target_label: __metrics_path__
          replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor

      - job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
        kubernetes_sd_configs:
        - role: endpoints
        relabel_configs:
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
          action: keep
          regex: true
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
          action: replace
          target_label: __scheme__
          regex: (https?)
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
          action: replace
          target_label: __metrics_path__
          regex: (.+)
        - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
          action: replace
          target_label: __address__
          regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
          replacement: $:$
        - action: labelmap
          regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
          action: replace
          target_label: kubernetes_namespace
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
          action: replace
          target_label: kubernetes_name

执行如下命令进行创建:

kubectl create -f config-map.yaml -n monitoring

4.创建Deployment模式的Prometheus

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: prometheus-deployment
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  replicas:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: prometheus-server
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: prometheus
          image: prom/prometheus:v2.3.2
          args:
            - "--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
            - "--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus/"
          ports:
            - containerPort:
          volumeMounts:
            - name: prometheus-config-volume
              mountPath: /etc/prometheus/
            - name: prometheus-storage-volume
              mountPath: /prometheus/
      volumes:
        - name: prometheus-config-volume
          configMap:
            defaultMode:
            name: prometheus-server-conf
        - name: prometheus-storage-volume
          emptyDir: {}

使用如下命令部署:

kubectl create -f prometheus-deployment.yaml --namespace=monitoring

部署完成后通过dashboard能够看到如下的界面：

5.连接Prometheus

这里有两种方式

1.通过kubectl命令进行端口代理

2.针对Prometheus的POD暴露一个服务，推荐此种方式
首先新建一个yaml文件命名为prometheus-service.yaml，写入如下内容：

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: prometheus-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: prometheus-server
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port:
      targetPort:
      nodePort: 

执行如下命令创建服务:

kubectl create -f prometheus-service.yaml --namespace=monitoring

通过以下命令查看Service的状态，我们可以看到暴露的端口是30909：

kubectl get svc -n monitoring
NAME                 TYPE       CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
prometheus-service   NodePort   10.101.186.82    <none>        :/TCP   100m

现在可以通过浏览器访问【http://虚拟机IP:30909】，看到如下界面，现在可以点击 status –> Targets，马上就可以看到所有Kubernetes集群上的Endpoint通过服务发现的方式自动连接到了Prometheus。：

我们还可以通过图形化界面查看内存：

OK，到这里Prometheus部署就算完成了，但是数据的统计明显不够直观，所以我们需要使用Grafana来构建更加友好的监控页面。

6.搭建Grafana

新建以下yaml文件：grafana-dashboard-provider.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: grafana-dashboard-provider
  namespace: monitoring
data:
  default-dashboard.yaml: |
    - name: 'default'
      org_id:
      folder: ''
      type: file
      options:
        folder: /var/lib/grafana/dashboards

grafana.yaml：

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: grafana
  namespace: monitoring
  labels:
    app: grafana
    component: core
spec:
  replicas:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: grafana
        component: core
    spec:
      containers:
        - image: grafana/grafana:5.0.
          name: grafana
          ports:
          - containerPort:
          resources:
            limits:
              cpu: 100m
              memory: 100Mi
            requests:
              cpu: 100m
              memory: 100Mi
          volumeMounts:
          - name: grafana-persistent-storage
            mountPath: /var
          - name: grafana-dashboard-provider
            mountPath: /etc/grafana/provisioning/dashboards
      volumes:
      - name: grafana-dashboard-provider
        configMap:
          name: grafana-dashboard-provider
      - name: grafana-persistent-storage
        emptyDir: {}

grafana-service.yaml：

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    name: grafana
  name: grafana
  namespace: monitoring
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    app: grafana
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
    port:
    targetPort:
    nodePort: 

执行如下命令进行创建：

kubectl apply -f grafana-dashboard-provider.yaml
kubectl apply -f grafana.yaml
kubectl apply -f grafana-service.yaml

部署完成后通过Kubernetes Dashboard可以看到:

根据服务暴露出来的端口30300通过浏览器访问【http://虚拟机IP:30300】看到如下界面：

输入用户名和密码（admin/admin）即可登录。

接着我们配置数据源：

然后导入Dashboards：

将JSON文件上传

grafana-dashboard.json （百度云链接 https://pan.baidu.com/s/1YtfD3s1U_d6Yon67qjihmw   密码：n25f）

然后点击导入：

然后就可以看到Kubernetes集群的监控数据了：

还有一个资源统计的Dashboards：

kubernetes-resources-usage-dashboard.json

OK，Prometheus的监控搭建到此结束。

参考资料：https://www.jianshu.com/p/c2e549480c50