C# 正则表达式应用

正则表达式平时不常用，经常都是用的时候，临时抱佛脚，查文档，然后就是被各种坑之后，才会逐渐熟练。

在线正则表达式测试：http://tool.oschina.net/regex/

在线JSON格式化：https://www.bejson.com/

正则表达式手册：http://tool.oschina.net/uploads/apidocs/jquery/regexp.html

先来看下代码和运行效果吧

 string msg, rex;
            Match m;
            msg = "昨日总能耗0度。 (长沙市口腔医院)星期一【紫衡技术】";
            rex = @".*(昨日总?能耗)([0-9]{1,}[.]?[0-9]*)*度。 \((.*)\)(.{3}).*";
            m = Regex.Match(msg, rex);
            Console.WriteLine("0:" + m.Success);
            WriteGroupInfo(m);

            //
            msg = @"上周总能耗28401.4度。 (沙井街道办)星期一【紫衡技术】";
             rex = @".*(上周总?能耗)([0-9]{1,}[.][0-9]*)*度。 \((.*)\)(.{3}).*";
            //昨日总能耗2582.1度。【长沙市天心区人民法院】2018 - 07 - 08【紫衡技术】
             m = Regex.Match(msg, rex);
            var r = m.Success;
            Console.WriteLine("1:"+r);
            WriteGroupInfo(m);

            //
            rex = @".*(昨日总?能耗)([0-9]{1,}[.]?[0-9]*)*度。\【(.*)\】(\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}).*";
            msg= "昨日总能耗209.9度。【长沙市天心区人民检察院】2018-07-08【紫衡技术】";
            Match m1 = Regex.Match(msg, rex);
            Console.WriteLine("2:"+m1.Success);
            WriteGroupInfo(m1);

            //
            rex = @".*(上周总?能耗)([0-9]{1,}[.]?[0-9]*)*度。 \((.*)\)(.{3}).*";
            msg = "上周总能耗10922.4度。 (深圳市地方税务局第二稽查局)星期一【紫衡技术】";
            m1 = Regex.Match(msg, rex);
            Console.WriteLine("3:"+m1.Success);
            WriteGroupInfo(m1);

            //
            rex = @".*(上月总?能耗)([0-9]{1,}[.]?[0-9]*)*度。 \((.*)\)(.{8}).*";
            msg = "上月总能耗49276.9度。 (深圳市地方税务局第二稽查局)2018年06月【紫衡技术】";
            m1 = Regex.Match(msg, rex);
            Console.WriteLine("4:"+m1.Success);
            WriteGroupInfo(m1);

            //
            rex = @".*(建筑名称)\：(.*)，在(\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}).{3}([0-9]{1,}[.][0-9]*)*度。";
            msg = "建筑名称：长沙市天心区人民法院，在2018-07-08日用电2582.1度。";
            m1 = Regex.Match(msg, rex);
            Console.WriteLine("5:"+m1.Success);
            WriteGroupInfo(m1);

            //
            rex = @"(今日能耗)\：([0-9]{1,}[.]?[0-9]*)";
            msg = "今日能耗：300【紫衡技术】";
            m1 = Regex.Match(msg, rex);
            Console.WriteLine("6:" + m1.Success);
            WriteGroupInfo(m1);

            //^【([^】]+)】异常(.+?)服务(【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)
            //*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*.+
            rex = @"^【([^】]+)】异常(.+?)服务(【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*
                 (服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*.+";
            msg = "【公司WNC服务监控台】异常 - 服务【Secom.Emx.SmsServer.Service】未找到或者未安装！【紫衡技术】";
            m1 = Regex.Match(msg, rex);
            Console.WriteLine("7:" + m1.Success);
            WriteGroupInfo(m1);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        private static void WriteGroupInfo(Match m)
        {
            var g = m.Groups;
            if (g.Count > )
            {
                for (var i = ; i < g.Count; i++)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(i+":"+g[i].Value);
                }
            }
        }

运行结果：

需要注意的地方，待匹配文字中的空格以及全角和半角字符要注意区分。

存储正则表达式字符串，不能存储到Json文件中，特殊字符会出现转义，存XML中没有这个问题。通过构造sql语句存储到mysql中的时候，反斜杠\将会被直接吃掉，所以插入之前要先进行转义。

 var _TemplateReg = v.Value.TemplateReg.Replace("\\", "\\\\");

在C#中\\表示\，\\\\就表示\\。

之前在一个全局变量中存储了许多数据，现在我需要将其存储到数据库中。原来的代码如下：

        /// <summary>
        /// 短信模板
        /// </summary>
        #region old code
        Dictionary<string, SmsTemplate> templates = new Dictionary<string, SmsTemplate> {
            // 能耗日报模板
            {
                "能耗提醒",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_139242133",
                    TemplateReg = @"测试短信通知",
                    TemplateParam =  new { name=string.Empty, date=string.Empty, energy=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "紫衡技术"
                }
            },
            {
                "测试",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_119091381",
                    TemplateReg = @"测试短信通知",
                    TemplateParam =  new { name=string.Empty, date=string.Empty, energy=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "紫衡技术"
                }
            },
            {
                "能耗",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_119076277",
                    TemplateReg = @"^[^(上周)|(上月)]*(能耗)值*[:：]*([\d.]+).*\(([^)]+)\)(\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}).*$",
                    TemplateParam =  new { name=string.Empty, date=string.Empty, energy=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "能耗报告"
                }
            },
            {
                "能耗Extend",
                new SmsTemplate
                {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_128880488",
                    TemplateReg = @"^[^(上周)|(上月)]*(能耗)值*[:：]*([\d.]+).*\(([^)]+)\)(\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}).*$",
                    TemplateParam =  new { name=string.Empty, date=string.Empty, energy=string.Empty, extend=string.Empty},
                    SignName = "能耗报告"
                }
            },
            {
                "昨日能耗",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_139242142",
                    TemplateReg = @".*(昨日总?能耗)([0-9]{1,}[.]?[0-9]*)*度。 \((.*)\)(.{3}).*",//昨日总能耗16677.6度。 (天心区鑫远白天鹅酒店)星期一【紫衡技术】
                    TemplateParam =  new { name=string.Empty, date=string.Empty, energy=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "能耗报告"
                }
            },
             {
                "昨日能耗1",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_139242142",
                    TemplateReg = @".*(昨日总?能耗)([0-9]{1,}[.]?[0-9]*)*度。\【(.*)\】(\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}).*",//昨日总能耗209.9度。【长沙市天心区人民检察院】2018-07-08【紫衡技术】
                    TemplateParam =  new { name=string.Empty, date=string.Empty, energy=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "能耗报告"
                }
            },
            {
                "上周能耗",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_119081757",
                    TemplateReg = @".*(上周总?能耗)值*[:：]*([\d.]+).*\(([^)]+)\)(\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}).*",
                    TemplateParam =  new { name=string.Empty, date=string.Empty, energy=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "能耗报告"
                }
            },
            {
                "上月能耗",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_119086386",
                    TemplateReg = @".*(上月总？能耗)值*[:：]*([\d.]+).*\(([^)]+)\)(\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}).*",
                    TemplateParam =  new { name=string.Empty, date=string.Empty, energy=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "能耗报告"
                }
            },
            {
                "定额",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_119076277",
                    TemplateReg = @".*(定额)值*[:：]*([\d.]+).*\(([^)]+)\)(\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}).*",
                    TemplateParam =  new { name=string.Empty, date=string.Empty, energy=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "能耗报告"
                }
            },
            {
                "基准",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_119076277",
                    TemplateReg = @".*(基准)值*[:：]*([\d.]+).*\(([^)]+)\)(\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}).*",
                    TemplateParam =  new { name=string.Empty, date=string.Empty, energy=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "能耗报告"
                }
            },
            {
                "节能量",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_119076277",
                    TemplateReg = @".*(节能量)值*[:：]*([\d.]+).*\(([^)]+)\)(\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}).*",
                    TemplateParam =  new { name=string.Empty, date=string.Empty, energy=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "能耗报告"
                }
            },
            {
                "优化",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_119076277",
                    TemplateReg = @".*(优化)值*[:：]*([\d.]+).*\(([^)]+)\)(\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}).*",
                    TemplateParam =  new { name=string.Empty, date=string.Empty, energy=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "能耗报告"
                }
            },
            // 报警日报模板
            {
                "报警",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_119076278",
                    TemplateReg = @"(建筑\[)*(.+?)([\],，])*产生以下报警：(.+)(【紫衡技术】)",
                    TemplateParam =  new { name=string.Empty, date=string.Empty, alarm=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "能管系统报警"
                }
            },
            // 运维工单模板
            {
                "运维通知",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_119091206",
                    TemplateReg = "您有一条新的(.+)工单需处理【工单号[：:]([^】]+).+",
                    TemplateParam =  new { type=string.Empty, code=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "运维系统"
                }
            },
            {
                "运维抢单",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_119076276",
                    TemplateReg = "您有一条新的(.+)工单(提示)*【工单号[：:]([^】]+).+",
                    TemplateParam =  new { type=string.Empty, code=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "运维系统"
                }
            },
            {
                "运维派单",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_119076273",
                    TemplateReg =  "您有新的(.+)工单无人[抢|接]单【工单号[：:]([^】]+).+",
                    TemplateParam =  new { type=string.Empty, code=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "运维系统"
                }
            },
            {
                "库存不足",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_119091203",
                    TemplateReg =  ".+【([^】]+)】.+库存已不足.+",
                    TemplateParam =  new { type=string.Empty, code=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "运维系统"
                }
            },
            {
                "维修签到",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_119076712",
                    TemplateReg =  ".*您有(.*)未签到【工单号：([^】]+)】.+",
                    TemplateParam =  new { type=string.Empty, code=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "运维系统"
                }
            }

            ,
            {
                "报警抢单",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_119091869",
                    TemplateReg =  "您有(.*)报警.*无人[抢|接]单【工单号[：:]([^】]+).+",
                    TemplateParam =  new { type=string.Empty, code=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "运维系统"
                }
            }
            ,
            {
                "广医派工",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_135795374",
                    TemplateReg =  "您有新的(.+)工单(.+)需处理，详情请打开“智慧机电运维系统APP”查看。",
                    TemplateParam =  new { type=string.Empty, code=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "运维系统"
                }
            }
            ,
            {
                "报警签到",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_119081998",
                    TemplateReg =  "您有(.*)报警事件未现场签到【工单号[：:]([^】]+).+",
                    TemplateParam =  new { type=string.Empty, code=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "运维系统"
                }
            },
            {
                "未处理完崔单",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_119076997",
                    TemplateReg =  "您有(.*)处理尚未完成【工单号[：:]([^】]+).+",
                    TemplateParam =  new { type=string.Empty, code=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "运维系统"
                }
            },
            {
                "运维崔单",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_119087014",
                    TemplateReg =  "您有一条(.+)催单提示【工单号[：:]([^】]+).+",
                    TemplateParam =  new { type=string.Empty, code=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "运维系统"
                }
            },
            {
                "运维工单事件",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_119091936",
                    TemplateReg =  "您有新的工单事件【工单号[：:]([^】]+).+",
                    TemplateParam =  new { type=string.Empty, code=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "运维系统"
                }
            },
            {
                "MAN服务未找到异常",
                new SmsTemplate {
                    TemplateCode = "SMS_120120306",
                    TemplateReg =  "^【([^】]+)】异常(.+?)服务(【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*.+",
                    TemplateParam =  new { type=string.Empty, code=string.Empty },
                    SignName = "能管365"
                }
            }

        };
        #endregion

我想直接通过代码来自动将其迁移到mysql数据库中去。

        /// <summary>
        /// 初始化数据，将原来代码中的模板配置生成并加载到数据库中
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="templates"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public int InitData(Dictionary<string, SmsTemplate> templates)
        {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            sb.Append("INSERT INTO smstemplate VALUES");
            foreach(var v in templates)
            {
                var _TemplateReg = v.Value.TemplateReg.Replace("\\", "\\\\");
                sb.AppendFormat(@"('{0}','{1}','{2}','{3}','{4}'),",v.Key,v.Value.TemplateCode, _TemplateReg, JsonConvert.SerializeObject(v.Value.TemplateParam),v.Value.SignName);
            }
            string sql= sb.ToString().TrimEnd(',');
            var cmd = db.GetSqlStringCommand(sql);
            return db.ExecuteNonQuery(cmd);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 从数据库中加载模板配置列表
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>模板配置列表</returns>
        public Dictionary<string, SmsTemplate> GetSmsTemplate()
        {
            Dictionary<string, SmsTemplate> dic = new Dictionary<string, SmsTemplate>();
            var sql = "SELECT `Key`,`TemplateCode`,`TemplateReg`,`TemplateParam`,`SignName` FROM smstemplate";
            try
            {
                var cmd = db.GetSqlStringCommand(sql);
                SmsTemplate item;
                string key;
                using (var reader = db.ExecuteReader(cmd))
                {
                    while (reader.Read())
                    {
                        key = reader.GetString();
                        item = new SmsTemplate();
                        item.TemplateCode = reader.GetString();
                        item.TemplateReg = reader.GetString();
                        item.TemplateParam = (JObject)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(reader.GetString());
                        item.SignName = reader.GetString();
                        dic.Add(key, item);
                    }
                }
            }
            catch(Exception ex)
            {
                throw new Exception(ex.Message);
            }

            return dic;
        }

构造完成后的sql脚本：

INSERT INTO smstemplate
VALUES
    (
        '能耗提醒',
        'SMS_139242133',
        '测试短信通知',
        '{"name":"","date":"","energy":""}',
        '紫衡技术'
    ),
    (
        '测试',
        'SMS_119091381',
        '测试短信通知',
        '{"name":"","date":"","energy":""}',
        '紫衡技术'
    ),
    (
        '能耗',
        'SMS_119076277',
        '^[^(上周)|(上月)]*(能耗)值*[:：]*([\\d.]+).*\\(([^)]+)\\)(\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}).*$',
        '{"name":"","date":"","energy":""}',
        '能耗报告'
    ),
    (
        '能耗Extend',
        'SMS_128880488',
        '^[^(上周)|(上月)]*(能耗)值*[:：]*([\\d.]+).*\\(([^)]+)\\)(\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}).*$',
        '{"name":"","date":"","energy":"","extend":""}',
        '能耗报告'
    ),
    (
        '昨日能耗',
        'SMS_139242142',
        '.*(昨日总?能耗)([0-9]{1,}[.]?[0-9]*)*度。 \\((.*)\\)(.{3}).*',
        '{"name":"","date":"","energy":""}',
        '能耗报告'
    ),
    (
        '昨日能耗1',
        'SMS_139242142',
        '.*(昨日总?能耗)([0-9]{1,}[.]?[0-9]*)*度。\\【(.*)\\】(\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}).*',
        '{"name":"","date":"","energy":""}',
        '能耗报告'
    ),
    (
        '上周能耗',
        'SMS_119081757',
        '.*(上周总?能耗)值*[:：]*([\\d.]+).*\\(([^)]+)\\)(\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}).*',
        '{"name":"","date":"","energy":""}',
        '能耗报告'
    ),
    (
        '上月能耗',
        'SMS_119086386',
        '.*(上月总？能耗)值*[:：]*([\\d.]+).*\\(([^)]+)\\)(\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}).*',
        '{"name":"","date":"","energy":""}',
        '能耗报告'
    ),
    (
        '定额',
        'SMS_119076277',
        '.*(定额)值*[:：]*([\\d.]+).*\\(([^)]+)\\)(\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}).*',
        '{"name":"","date":"","energy":""}',
        '能耗报告'
    ),
    (
        '基准',
        'SMS_119076277',
        '.*(基准)值*[:：]*([\\d.]+).*\\(([^)]+)\\)(\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}).*',
        '{"name":"","date":"","energy":""}',
        '能耗报告'
    ),
    (
        '节能量',
        'SMS_119076277',
        '.*(节能量)值*[:：]*([\\d.]+).*\\(([^)]+)\\)(\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}).*',
        '{"name":"","date":"","energy":""}',
        '能耗报告'
    ),
    (
        '优化',
        'SMS_119076277',
        '.*(优化)值*[:：]*([\\d.]+).*\\(([^)]+)\\)(\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}).*',
        '{"name":"","date":"","energy":""}',
        '能耗报告'
    ),
    (
        '报警',
        'SMS_119076278',
        '(建筑\\[)*(.+?)([\\],，])*产生以下报警：(.+)(【紫衡技术】)',
        '{"name":"","date":"","alarm":""}',
        '能管系统报警'
    ),
    (
        '运维通知',
        'SMS_119091206',
        '您有一条新的(.+)工单需处理【工单号[：:]([^】]+).+',
        '{"type":"","code":""}',
        '运维系统'
    ),
    (
        '运维抢单',
        'SMS_119076276',
        '您有一条新的(.+)工单(提示)*【工单号[：:]([^】]+).+',
        '{"type":"","code":""}',
        '运维系统'
    ),
    (
        '运维派单',
        'SMS_119076273',
        '您有新的(.+)工单无人[抢|接]单【工单号[：:]([^】]+).+',
        '{"type":"","code":""}',
        '运维系统'
    ),
    (
        '库存不足',
        'SMS_119091203',
        '.+【([^】]+)】.+库存已不足.+',
        '{"type":"","code":""}',
        '运维系统'
    ),
    (
        '维修签到',
        'SMS_119076712',
        '.*您有(.*)未签到【工单号：([^】]+)】.+',
        '{"type":"","code":""}',
        '运维系统'
    ),
    (
        '报警抢单',
        'SMS_119091869',
        '您有(.*)报警.*无人[抢|接]单【工单号[：:]([^】]+).+',
        '{"type":"","code":""}',
        '运维系统'
    ),
    (
        '广医派工',
        'SMS_135795374',
        '您有新的(.+)工单(.+)需处理，详情请打开“智慧机电运维系统APP”查看。',
        '{"type":"","code":""}',
        '运维系统'
    ),
    (
        '报警签到',
        'SMS_119081998',
        '您有(.*)报警事件未现场签到【工单号[：:]([^】]+).+',
        '{"type":"","code":""}',
        '运维系统'
    ),
    (
        '未处理完崔单',
        'SMS_119076997',
        '您有(.*)处理尚未完成【工单号[：:]([^】]+).+',
        '{"type":"","code":""}',
        '运维系统'
    ),
    (
        '运维崔单',
        'SMS_119087014',
        '您有一条(.+)催单提示【工单号[：:]([^】]+).+',
        '{"type":"","code":""}',
        '运维系统'
    ),
    (
        '运维工单事件',
        'SMS_119091936',
        '您有新的工单事件【工单号[：:]([^】]+).+',
        '{"type":"","code":""}',
        '运维系统'
    ),
    (
        'MAN服务未找到异常',
        'SMS_120120306',
        '^【([^】]+)】异常(.+?)服务(【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*(服务【([^】]+)】未找到或者未安装！)*.+',
        '{"type":"","code":""}',
        '能管365'
    )

JsonConvert.SerializeObject(v.Value.TemplateParam)，把原来的对象进行序列化。
之前一直用的在线正则表达式匹配http://tool.oschina.net/regex/，不过发现不方便，于是我自己写了一个小工具。

源码下载：https://github.com/zouyujie/RegexTool
吐槽：阿里云的短信平台，短信模板中的单个变量长度不超过20个字符，而且还不支持组合变量，变量之间要用文字或者字符隔开，这样一来，假设我有需要发出去的变量文字是超过20个字符的，就不得不拆开，中间还要用字符或者汉字拆开，那么这样的话，客户收到的短信岂不是很奇葩，活生生的一些连续的描述文字被拆开了。
记录以备忘。