drupal 用法小结,drupal select ,query ,distinct

https://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/includes%21actions.inc/function/actions_do/7.x

addFileds :

这个更全点：

https://www.drupal.org/docs/7/api/database-api/database-api-overview

这个distinct：

https://www.drupal.org/node/706264

//

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT first_field, second_field, third_field FROM the_table)  AS distinct_three
to work more generally.
 
using DBTNG in Drupal  this would look like
 
db_select($table)
  ->fields($table, array('field1', 'field2'))
  ->distinct()
  ->countQuery();

//db_count 方法:

https://www.drupal.org/node/1848376

Dynamic queries

• Introduction to dynamic queries
• Conditional clauses
• Count queries
• Distinct
• Expressions
• Extenders
• Fields
• Grouping
• Joins
• Ordering
• Query alteration (tagging)
• Ranges and limits
• Table sorting
• Unions

 

 

Count queries

 

Last updated on

5 December 2016

 

Count queries

Any query may have a corresponding "count query". The count query returns the number of rows in the original query. To obtain a count query, use the countQuery() method.

$count_query = $query->countQuery();
$count_query is now a new Dynamic Select query with no ordering restrictions that when executed will return a result set with only one value, the number of records that would be matched by the original query. Because PHP supports chaining methods on returned objects, the following idiom is a common approach:
 
$num_rows = $query->countQuery()->execute()->fetchField(); //输出数量
 
$detail_r = $detailresult->fetchAssoc();
$detailresult->rowCount()

db_select 方法:

https://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/includes%21database%21database.inc/group/database/7.x

https://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/includes%21database%21database.inc/7.x

https://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/includes%21database%21select.inc/class/SelectQueryExtender/7.x

简单截图：

// db_select :subQuery :

if you need joining a

ParisLiakos commented 6 years ago

if you need joining a subquery use this:

  // Create a subquery, which is just a normal query object.
    $subquery = db_select('test_task', 'tt');
    $subquery->addField('tt', 'pid', 'pid');
    $subquery->condition('priority', );
 
    // Create another query that joins against the virtual table resulting
    // from the subquery.
    $select = db_select('test', 't');
    $select->join($subquery, 'tt', 't.id=tt.pid');
    $select->addField('t', 'name');
 
    // The resulting query should be equivalent to:
    // SELECT t.name
    // FROM test t
    //   INNER JOIN (SELECT tt.pid AS pid FROM test_task tt WHERE priority=1) tt ON t.id=tt.pid

// db_query

$result = db_query('SELECT n.nid, n.title, n.created
FROM {node} n WHERE n.uid = :uid AND n.type = :type', array(':uid' => $uid, ':type' => 'page'));
// Result is returned as a iterable object that returns a stdClass object on each iteration
foreach ($result as $record) {
  // Perform operations on $record->title, etc. here.
 
print($record->title . "");
 
// in this example the available data would be mapped to object properties:
  // $record->nid, $record->title, $record->created
}

//date_format:

 $sql = "SELECT (DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME(co.changed), '%d-%m-%Y')) AS date, ci.type AS type, co.status, COUNT(distinct(co.order_id)) AS count
    FROM commerce_order co
    LEFT JOIN commerce_line_item ci ON co.order_id = ci.order_id
    GROUP BY date, co.status, ci.type
    ORDER BY date";
  $result = db_query($sql);
  foreach ($result as $row) {
    print_r($row);
  }

//Left Join SubQuery

Query I am executing with db_select:
 
     $query = db_select('node_view_count', 'n');
     $query->join('users', 'u', 'n.uid = u.uid'); //JOIN node with users
 
    $query->groupBy('n.nid');//GROUP BY user ID
    $query->groupBy('u.name');//GROUP BY user ID
 
    $query->fields('n',array('nid'))//SELECT the fields from node_view_count
    ->fields('u',array('name'))//SELECT the fields from user
    ->condition('n.uid','','<>')
    ->orderBy('timestamp', 'DESC');//ORDER BY created

2\

$connection = Database::getConnection();
    $sth = $connection->select('file_managed', 'fm');
    $sth->addField('fm', 'filemime');
    $sth->addExpression('COUNT(fm.filemime)', 'count');
    $sth->groupBy('fm.filemime');
    // Execute the statement
    $data = $sth->execute();
    // Get all the results
    $results = $data->fetchAll(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);

//结果集处理：

db_like($prefix);

https://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/includes!database!database.inc/function/db_like/7.x

  $search_string ="per";
  $result = db_query('SELECT title
                      FROM {node} n
                      WHERE n.title like :title'
                      ,array(':title' => "%".$search_string."%"))
                      ->fetchAll();
  print_r($result);
 
$result = db_select('person', 'p')
  ->fields('p')
  ->condition('name', db_like($prefix) . '%', 'LIKE')
  ->execute()
  ->fetchAll();

 $sql = 'SELECT sid, score FROM {search_index} WHERE word LIKE :term';
 $result = db_query($sql, array(':term' => '%' . db_like($search_term)));

//结果集处理：

<?php
// Using the same query from above...
$uid = ;
$result = db_query('SELECT n.nid, n.title, n.created
FROM {node} n WHERE n.uid = :uid', array(':uid' => $uid));
 
// Fetch next row as a stdClass object.
$record = $result->fetchObject();  
 
// Fetch next row as an associative array.
$record = $result->fetchAssoc();
 
// Fetch data from specific column from next row
// Defaults to first column if not specified as argument
$data = $result->fetchColumn(); // Grabs the title from the next row
 
// Retrieve all records into an indexed array of stdClass objects.
$result->fetchAll();
 
// Retrieve all records as stdObjects into an associative array
// keyed by the field in the result specified.
// (in this example, the title of the node)
$result->fetchAllAssoc('title');
 
// Retrieve a 2-column result set as an associative array of field 1 => field 2.
$result->fetchAllKeyed();
// Also good to note that you can specify which two fields to use
// by specifying the column numbers for each field
$result->fetchAllKeyed(,); // would be nid => created
$result->fetchAllKeyed(,); // would be title => nid
 
// Retrieve a 1-column result set as one single array.
$result->fetchCol();
// Column number can be specified otherwise defaults to first column
$result->fetchCol($db_column_number);
 
// Count the number of rows
$result->rowCount();
//count just one
$dev_query = "select id from aa where ont > UNIX_TIMESTAMP() - 60  group by id";
$id  = db_query($dev_query)->fetchField(); //print only one id  string
$a = ;
 
?>

//DB_insert
https://www.drupal.org/node/310079
 
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/insert-select.html   //db insert 语法

//多条数据的插入

 $values = array(
    array(
    'title' => 'Example',
    'uid' => ,
    'created' => REQUEST_TIME,
    ),
    array(
    'title' => 'Example 2',
    'uid' => ,
    'created' => REQUEST_TIME,
    ),
    array(
    'title' => 'Example 3',
    'uid' => ,
    'created' => REQUEST_TIME,
    ),
    );
    $query = db_insert('node')->fields(array('title', 'uid', 'created'));
    foreach ($values as $record) {
    $query->values($record);
    }
    $query->execute();

//基于select的插入：

<?php
// Build the SELECT query.
$query = db_select('node', 'n');
// Join to the users table.
$query->join('users', 'u', 'n.uid = u.uid');
// Add the fields we want.
$query->addField('n','nid');
$query->addField('u','name');
// Add a condition to only get page nodes.
$query->condition('type', 'page');
 
// Perform the insert.
db_insert('mytable')
  ->from($query)
  ->execute();
?>

 
db_insert 模拟 insert ignore 参数：
https://drupal.stackexchange.com/questions/89253/how-to-set-insert-ignore-in-db-insert-without-db-merge  （

How to set 'INSERT IGNORE' in db_insert without db_merge

貌似不可实现）
解决方案：

（1）

try {
    $insertID = db_insert('crawl_data')->fields(array(
        'url' => $url,
    ))->execute();
} catch (Exception $ex) {
   //这样就不会执行插入，并且不报错...
}

（2）：先查一下，再入库
其他：

db_merge('people')
  ->key(array('job' => 'Speaker'))
  ->insertFields(array('age' => ,'name' => 'Meredith'))
  ->updateFields(array('name' => 'Tiffany'))
  ->execute();

//如果存在job为Speaker的一条记录，则更新name为Tiffany，如果不存在，就插入一条age为31，name为Meredith，job为Speaker的记录。

6.对数据库某字段值自动加一或者自增。

复制代码 代码如下:

db_update('example_table')
  ->expression('count', 'count + 1')
  ->condition('field1', $some_value)
  ->expression('field2', 'field2 + :inc', array(':inc' => ))
  ->execute();

//通过子sql查询插入

<?php
// Build the SELECT query.
$query = db_select('node', 'n');
// Join to the users table.
$query->join('users', 'u', 'n.uid = u.uid');
// Add the fields we want.
$query->addField('n','nid');
$query->addField('u','name');
// Add a condition to only get page nodes.
$query->condition('type', 'page');
 
// Perform the insert.
db_insert('mytable')
  ->from($query)
  ->execute();
?>

https://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/includes%21database%21database.inc/7.x
 

//DB_AND  || DB_OR

$and = db_and()->condition('mid', )->condition('cache_type', 'year');
$and = db_or()->condition('mid', )->condition('cache_type', 'year');
$query->condition($or);

//切换数据库

// set external database.

db_set_active('panel');
// Start select query.
  $query = db_select('gw_route', 'g');
  $query->fields('g', array('country', 'cost'));
 
// Create expression (acts the same as any db value at sql) and use it.
  $query->addExpression('MIN(g.cost)', 'min_cost');
 
  $query->condition('g.country', '','!=');
  $query->groupBy('g.country');
  $query->orderBy('g.country', 'ASC');
  $result = $query->execute();
// Set active default database.
  db_set_active();
  while($record = $result->fetchAssoc()) {
        print_r($record);
    }

//LEFT_JOIN 子查询 sub_query
原理(code)：

public function leftJoin($table, $alias = NULL, $condition = NULL, $arguments = array()) {
  return $this->addJoin('LEFT OUTER', $table, $alias, $condition, $arguments);
}
//add join
public function addJoin($type, $table, $alias = NULL, $condition = NULL, $arguments = array()) {
 
  if (empty($alias)) {
    if ($table instanceof SelectQueryInterface) {
      $alias = 'subquery';
    }
    else {
      $alias = $table;
    }
  }//对table 做了是否是查询的判断
 
  $alias_candidate = $alias;
  $count = ;
  while (!empty($this->tables[$alias_candidate])) {
    $alias_candidate = $alias . '_' . $count++;
  }
  $alias = $alias_candidate;
 
  if (is_string($condition)) {
    $condition = str_replace('%alias', $alias, $condition);
  }
 
  $this->tables[$alias] = array(
    'join type' => $type,
    'table' => $table,
    'alias' => $alias,
    'condition' => $condition,
    'arguments' => $arguments,
  );
 
  return $alias;
}
 
QQQQ:

How to set an alias to a fields on a db_select?

$query = db_select('super_long_table', 'slt');
$query->addField('slt', 'mys_super_long_field', 'mslf');