Linux安装MariaDB+初始化数据库

背景说明：

在数据库中，mysql的是常用的数据库之一；作为一款开源的软件被广大公司所使用。

但是，mysql在被Oracle公司收购后，难免在以后会有取消开源的问题。所以急需一款新的数据库产品替换mysql的地位，就现在而言当前大多数主流linux发行版已经采用了mysql数据库的一个开源分支产品MariaDB，当前Google和Wikipedia已经采用了MariaDB数据库，也是为了防止以后mysql数据的技术垄断作的决定

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安装MariaDB：

[root@www ~]# yum install mariadb mariadb-server
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * epel: mirrors.aliyun.com
正在解决依赖关系

...

已安装:
  mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5          mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5         

作为依赖被安装:
  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5        perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7
  perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-6.el7
  perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7               perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7
  perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7         perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7           

完毕！

启动MariaDB数据库

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mariadb.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.

数据库操作：

初始化数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation 

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): #输入root密码，直接回车
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] y    #设置root密码
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y    #删除匿名用户
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y    #禁止root远程登录
 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y    #删除test数据库和对此数据库的访问权限
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y    #立即刷新权限
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

设置防火墙的策略

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=mysql
success

重新加载防火墙

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success