Django的Form主要具有一下几大功能：

  • 生成HTML标签
  • 验证用户数据（显示错误信息）
  • HTML Form提交保留上次提交数据
  • 初始化页面显示内容

Form类的使用：

1、定义规则：

  1. from django.forms import Form
  2. from django.forms import fields
  3. class xxx(Form):
  4. 	xx = fields.CharField(max_lenghth=,min_lenghth=,required=True,error_message=)

2、使用：

  1. obj = xxx(request.POST)
  2. # 是否校验成功
  3. v = obj.is_valid()
  4. 	# html标签name属性 = Form类字段名
  5.  
  6. obj.is_valid()验证通过返回True，失败则返回False
  7.  
  8. # 所有错误信息
  9. obj.errors
  10.  
  11. # 正确信息
  12. obj.cleaned_data

登录和注册案例：

  1. from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
  2.  
  3. from django.forms import Form
  4. from django.forms import fields
  5. class LoginForm(Form):
  6.     # 正则验证: 不能为空,-
  7.     username = fields.CharField(
  8.         max_length=,
  9.         min_length=,
  10.         required=True,
  11.         error_messages={
  12.             'required': '用户名不能为空',
  13.             'min_length': '太短了',
  14.             'max_length': '太长了',
  15.         }
  16.     )
  17.     # 正则验证: 不能为空，+
  18.     password = fields.CharField(min_length=,required=True)
  19.     # email = fields.EmailField()
  20.     # email = fields.GenericIPAddressField()
  21.     # email = fields.IntegerField()
  22.  
  23. def login(request):
  24.     if request.method == "GET":
  25.         return render(request,'login.html')
  26.     else:
  27.        obj = LoginForm(request.POST)
  28.        if obj.is_valid():
  29.            # 用户输入格式正确
  30.            print(obj.cleaned_data) # 字典类型
  31.            return redirect('http://www.baidu.com')
  32.        else:
  33.            # 用户输入格式错误
  34.            return render(request,'login.html',{'obj':obj})

views.py

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en">
  3. <head>
  4.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5.     <title>Title</title>
  6. </head>
  7. <body>
  8.  
  9. <form method="POST" action="/login/">
  10.     {% csrf_token %}
  11.     用户名:<input type="text" name="username">{{ obj.errors.username. }}<br>
  12.     密码 &nbsp;&nbsp;:<input type="password" name="password">{{ obj.errors.password. }}<br>
  13.     <input type="submit" value="提交">
  14.  
  15. </form>
  16.  
  17. </body>
  18. </html>

login.html

基于Form和Ajax提交实现用户登录案例：两种验证方式

  1. from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
  2. from django.forms import Form
  3. from django.forms import fields
  4. from django.forms import widgets
  5.  
  6. class LoginForm(Form):
  7.     user = fields.CharField(required=True)
  8.     pwd = fields.CharField(min_length=)
  9.  
  10. def login(request):
  11.     if request.method == 'GET':
  12.         return render(request,'login.html')
  13.     else:
  14.         obj = LoginForm(request.POST)
  15.         if obj.is_valid():
  16.             print(obj.cleaned_data)
  17.             return redirect('http://www.baidu.com')
  18.         return render(request,'login.html',{'obj': obj})
  19.  
  20. def ajax_login(request):
  21.     import json
  22.     ret = {'status': True,'msg': None}
  23.     obj = LoginForm(request.POST)
  24.     if obj.is_valid():
  25.         print(obj.cleaned_data)
  26.     else:
  27.         # print(obj.errors) # obj.errors对象
  28.         ret['status'] = False
  29.         ret['msg'] = obj.errors
  30.     v = json.dumps(ret)
  31.     return HttpResponse(v)
  32.  
  33. #
  34. # class TestForm(Form):
  35. #     t1 = fields.CharField(
  36. #         required=True,
  37. #         max_length=,
  38. #         min_length=,
  39. #         error_messages={
  40. #             'required': '不能为空',
  41. #             'max_length': '太长',
  42. #             'min_length': '太短',
  43. #         }
  44. #     )
  45. #     t2 = fields.IntegerField(
  46. #         min_value=,
  47. #         max_value=,
  48. #         error_messages={
  49. #             'required': 't2不能为空',
  50. #             'invalid': 't2格式错误，必须是数字',
  51. #             'min_value': '必须大于10',
  52. #             'max_value': '必须小于1000',
  53. #         },
  54. #     )
  55. #     t3 = fields.EmailField(
  56. #         error_messages={
  57. #             'required': 't3不能为空',
  58. #             'invalid': 't3格式错误，必须是邮箱格式',
  59. #         }
  60. #     )
  61.  
  62. class TestForm(Form):
  63.     t1 = fields.CharField(required=True,max_length=,min_length=,
  64.         error_messages={
  65.             'required': '不能为空',
  66.             'max_length': '太长',
  67.             'min_length': '太短',
  68.         }
  69.     )
  70.     t2 = fields.EmailField()
  71.  
  72. def test(request):
  73.     if request.method == "GET":
  74.         obj = TestForm()
  75.         return render(request,'test.html',{'obj': obj})
  76.     else:
  77.         obj = TestForm(request.POST)
  78.         if obj.is_valid():
  79.             print(obj.cleaned_data)
  80.         else:
  81.             print(obj.errors)
  82.         return render(request,'test.html',{'obj':obj})
  83.  
  84. class RegiterForm(Form):
  85.     user = fields.CharField(min_length=)
  86.     email = fields.EmailField()
  87.     password = fields.CharField()
  88.     phone = fields.RegexField('139\d+')
  89.  
  90. def register(request):
  91.     if request.method == 'GET':
  92.         obj = RegiterForm()
  93.         return render(request,'register.html',{'obj':obj})
  94.     else:
  95.         obj = RegiterForm(request.POST)
  96.         if obj.is_valid():
  97.             print(obj.cleaned_data)
  98.         else:
  99.             print(obj.errors)
  100.         return render(request,'register.html',{'obj':obj})

views.py

  1. """s4day77 URL Configuration
  2.  
  3. The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
  4.     https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/urls/
  5. Examples:
  6. Function views
  7.     . Add an import:  from my_app import views
  8.     . Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
  9. Class-based views
  10.     . Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
  11.     . Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
  12. Including another URLconf
  13.     . Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
  14.     . Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
  15. """
  16. from django.conf.urls import url
  17. from django.contrib import admin
  18. from app01 import views
  19. urlpatterns = [
  20.     url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
  21.     url(r'^login/', views.login),
  22.     url(r'^ajax_login/', views.ajax_login),
  23.     url(r'^test/', views.test),
  24.     url(r'^register/', views.register),
  25. ]

urls.py

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en">
  3. <head>
  4.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5.     <title></title>
  6. </head>
  7. <body>
  8.     <h1>用户登录</h1>
  9.     <form id="f1" action="/login/" method="POST">
  10.         {% csrf_token %}
  11.         <p>
  12.             <input type="text" name="user" />{{ obj.errors.user. }}
  13.         </p>
  14.         <p>
  15.             <input type="password" name="pwd" />{{ obj.errors.pwd. }}
  16.         </p>
  17.         <input type="submit" value="提交" />
  18.         <a onclick="submitForm();">提交</a>
  19.     </form>
  20.     <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>
  21.     <script>
  22.         function submitForm(){
  23.             $('.c1').remove();
  24.             $.ajax({
  25.                 url: '/ajax_login/',
  26.                 type: 'POST',
  27.                 data: $('#f1').serialize(),// user=alex&pwd=456&csrftoen=dfdf\
  28.                 dataType:"JSON",
  29.                 success:function(arg){
  30.                     console.log(arg);
  31.                     if(arg.status){
  32.  
  33.                     }else{
  34.                         $.each(arg.msg,function(index,value){
  35.                             console.log(index,value);
  36.                             var tag = document.createElement('span');
  37.                             tag.innerHTML = value[];
  38.                             tag.className = 'c1';
  39.                             $('#f1').find('input[name="'+ index +'"]').after(tag);
  40.                         })
  41.                     }
  42.                 }
  43.             })
  44.         }
  45.     </script>
  46. </body>
  47. </html>

login.html

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en">
  3. <head>
  4.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5.     <title></title>
  6. </head>
  7. <body>
  8.     <form action="/test/" method="POST" novalidate>
  9.         {% csrf_token %}
  10.         <p>
  11.             {{ obj.t1 }}{{ obj.errors.t1. }}
  12.         </p>
  13.         <p>
  14.             {{ obj.t2 }}{{ obj.errors.t2. }}
  15.         </p>
  16.         <input type="submit" value="提交" />
  17.     </form>
  18. </body>
  19. </html>

test.html

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en">
  3. <head>
  4.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5.     <title></title>
  6. </head>
  7. <body>
  8.  
  9.     <form action="/register/" method="POST" novalidate>
  10.         {% csrf_token %}
  11.         <p>
  12.             {{ obj.user }} {{ obj.errors.user. }}
  13.         </p>
  14.         <p>
  15.             {{ obj.email }} {{ obj.errors.email. }}
  16.         </p>
  17.         <p>
  18.             {{ obj.password }} {{ obj.errors.password. }}
  19.         </p>
  20.         <p>
  21.             {{ obj.phone }} {{ obj.errors.phone. }}
  22.         </p>
  23.         <input type="submit" value="提交"  />
  24.     </form>
  25. </body>
  26. </html>

register.html

总结：

  1. - Ajax，仅用验证功能
  2. - Form，验证功能，生成HTML标签

班级、学生案例：

  1. from django.db import models
  2.  
  3. class Classes(models.Model):
  4.     title = models.CharField(max_length=)
  5.  
  6. class Student(models.Model):
  7.     name = models.CharField(max_length=)
  8.     email = models.CharField(max_length=)
  9.     age = models.IntegerField(max_length=)
  10.     cls = models.ForeignKey('Classes')
  11.  
  12. class Teacher(models.Model):
  13.     tname = models.CharField(max_length=)
  14.     c2t = models.ManyToManyField('Classes')

models.py

  1. from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
  2. from app01 import models
  3. from django.forms import Form
  4. from django.forms import fields
  5. from django.forms import widgets
  6.  
  7. class ClassForm(Form):
  8.     title = fields.RegexField('全栈\d+')
  9.  
  10. def class_list(request):
  11.     cls_list = models.Classes.objects.all()
  12.     return render(request,'class_list.html',{'cls_list':cls_list})
  13.  
  14. def add_class(request):
  15.     if request.method == "GET":
  16.         obj = ClassForm()
  17.         return render(request,'add_class.html',{'obj': obj})
  18.     else:
  19.         obj = ClassForm(request.POST)
  20.         if obj.is_valid():
  21.             # obj.cleaned_data # 字典
  22.             # 数据库创建一条数据
  23.             # print(obj.cleaned_data)
  24.             # models.Classes.objects.create(title=obj.cleaned_data['tt'])
  25.  
  26.             models.Classes.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data)
  27.             return redirect('/class_list/')
  28.         return render(request,'add_class.html',{'obj': obj})
  29.  
  30. def edit_class(request,nid):
  31.     if request.method == "GET":
  32.         row = models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
  33.         # 让页面显示初始值
  34.         # obj = ClassForm(data={'title': 'asdfasdfasdfas'})
  35.         obj = ClassForm(initial={'title': row.title})
  36.         return render(request,'edit_class.html',{'nid': nid,'obj':obj})
  37.     else:
  38.         obj = ClassForm(request.POST)
  39.         if obj.is_valid():
  40.             models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data)
  41.             return redirect('/class_list/')
  42.         return render(request,'edit_class.html',{'nid': nid,'obj':obj})
  43.  
  44. class StudentForm(Form):
  45.     name = fields.CharField(
  46.         min_length=,
  47.         max_length=,
  48.         widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
  49.     )
  50.     email = fields.EmailField(widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
  51.     age = fields.IntegerField(min_value=,max_value=,widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
  52.     cls_id = fields.IntegerField(
  53.         # widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(,'上海'),(,'北京')])
  54.         widget=widgets.Select(choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title'),attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
  55.     )
  56.  
  57. def student_list(request):
  58.  
  59.     stu_list = models.Student.objects.all()
  60.     return render(request,'student_list.html',{'stu_list':stu_list})
  61.  
  62. def add_student(request):
  63.     if request.method == "GET":
  64.         obj = StudentForm()
  65.         return render(request,'add_student.html',{'obj':obj})
  66.     else:
  67.         obj = StudentForm(request.POST)
  68.         if obj.is_valid():
  69.             models.Student.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data)
  70.             return redirect('/student_list/')
  71.         return render(request,'add_student.html',{'obj':obj})
  72.  
  73. def edit_student(request,nid):
  74.     if request.method == "GET":
  75.         row = models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).values('name','email','age','cls_id').first()
  76.         obj = StudentForm(initial=row)
  77.         return render(request,'edit_student.html',{'nid':nid,'obj': obj})
  78.     else:
  79.         obj = StudentForm(request.POST)
  80.         if obj.is_valid():
  81.             models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data)
  82.             return redirect('/student_list/')
  83.         return render(request,'edit_student.html',{'nid':nid,'obj': obj})

views.py

  1. """s4day77example URL Configuration
  2.  
  3. The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
  4.     https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/urls/
  5. Examples:
  6. Function views
  7.     . Add an import:  from my_app import views
  8.     . Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
  9. Class-based views
  10.     . Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
  11.     . Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
  12. Including another URLconf
  13.     . Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
  14.     . Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
  15. """
  16. from django.conf.urls import url
  17. from django.contrib import admin
  18. from app01 import views
  19. urlpatterns = [
  20.     url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
  21.     url(r'^class_list/', views.class_list),
  22.     url(r'^add_class/', views.add_class),
  23.     url(r'^edit_class/(\d+)/', views.edit_class),
  24.  
  25.     url(r'^student_list/', views.student_list),
  26.     url(r'^add_student/', views.add_student),
  27.     url(r'^edit_student/(\d+)/', views.edit_student),
  28. ]

urls.py

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en">
  3. <head>
  4.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5.     <title></title>
  6. </head>
  7. <body>
  8.     <h1>班级列表</h1>
  9.     <div>
  10.         <a href="/add_class/">添加</a>
  11.     </div>
  12.     <ul>
  13.         {% for row in cls_list %}
  14.             <li>{{ row.title }} <a href="/edit_class/{{ row.id }}/">编辑</a>  </li>
  15.         {% endfor %}
  16.     </ul>
  17. </body>
  18. </html>

class_list.html

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en">
  3. <head>
  4.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5.     <title></title>
  6. </head>
  7. <body>
  8.     <h1>添加班级</h1>
  9.     <form method="POST" action="/add_class/" novalidate>
  10.         {% csrf_token %}
  11.         {{ obj.title }} {{ obj.errors.title. }}
  12.         <input type="submit" value="提交" />
  13.     </form>
  14. </body>
  15. </html>

add_class.html

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en">
  3. <head>
  4.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5.     <title></title>
  6. </head>
  7. <body>
  8.     <h1>编辑班级</h1>
  9.     <form method="POST" action="/edit_class/{{ nid }}/">
  10.         {% csrf_token %}
  11.         <p>
  12.             {{ obj.title }} {{ obj.errors.title. }}
  13.         </p>
  14.         <input type='submit' value="提交" />
  15.     </form>
  16. </body>
  17. </html>

edit_class.html

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en">
  3. <head>
  4.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5.     <title></title>
  6. </head>
  7. <body>
  8.     <h1>学生列表</h1>
  9.     <a href="/add_student/">添加</a>
  10.     <ul>
  11.         {% for row in stu_list %}
  12.             <li>{{ row.name }}-{{ row.email }}-{{ row.age }}-{{ row.cls_id }}-{{ row.cls.title }}   <a href="/edit_student/{{ row.id }}/">编辑</a></li>
  13.         {% endfor %}
  14.     </ul>
  15. </body>
  16. </html>

student_list.html

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en">
  3. <head>
  4.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5.     <title></title>
  6. </head>
  7. <body>
  8.     <h1>添加学生</h1>
  9.     <form action="/add_student/" method="POST">
  10.         {% csrf_token %}
  11.         <p>
  12.             {{ obj.name }}
  13.         </p>
  14.         <p>
  15.             {{ obj.email }}
  16.         </p>
  17.         <p>
  18.             {{ obj.age }}
  19.         </p>
  20.         <p>
  21.             {{ obj.cls_id }}
  22.         </p>
  23.         <input type="submit" value="提交" />
  24.     </form>
  25. </body>
  26. </html>

add_student.html

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en">
  3. <head>
  4.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5.     <title></title>
  6.     <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.5-dist/css/bootstrap.css"/>
  7. </head>
  8. <body>
  9.  
  10.     <div style="width: 500px;margin: 0 auto;">
  11.         <form class="form-horizontal" method="POST" action="/edit_student/{{ nid }}/">
  12.             {% csrf_token %}
  13.             <div class="form-group">
  14.                 <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名：</label>
  15.  
  16.                 <div class="col-sm-10">
  17.                     {{ obj.name }}
  18.                 </div>
  19.             </div>
  20.             <div class="form-group">
  21.                 <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">邮箱：</label>
  22.  
  23.                 <div class="col-sm-10">
  24.                     {{ obj.email }}
  25.                 </div>
  26.             </div>
  27.              <div class="form-group">
  28.                 <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">年龄：</label>
  29.  
  30.                 <div class="col-sm-10">
  31.                     {{ obj.age }}
  32.                 </div>
  33.             </div>
  34.              <div class="form-group">
  35.                 <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">班级：</label>
  36.  
  37.                 <div class="col-sm-10">
  38.                     {{ obj.cls_id }}
  39.                 </div>
  40.             </div>
  41.             <div class="form-group">
  42.                 <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
  43.                     <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default" value="提交" />
  44.                 </div>
  45.             </div>
  46.         </form>
  47.     </div>
  48. </body>
  49. </html>

edit_student.html

老师案例：

  1. class TeacherForm(Form):
  2.     name = fields.CharField()
  3.     xx = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
  4.         widget=widgets.SelectMultiple
  5.     )
  6.     def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
  7.         super(TeacherForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)
  8.         self.fields['xx'].choices = models.classes.objects.values_list('id','title')
  9.  
  10. def teacher_list(request):
  11.     tea_list = models.teacher.objects.all()
  12.     return render(request,'teacher_list.html',{'tea_list':tea_list})
  13.  
  14. def add_teacher(request):
  15.     if request.method == "GET":
  16.         obj = TeacherForm()
  17.         return render(request,'add_teacher.html',{'obj':obj})
  18.     else:
  19.         obj = TeacherForm(request.POST)
  20.         # print(obj)
  21.         if obj.is_valid():
  22.             xx = obj.cleaned_data.pop('xx')
  23.             row = models.teacher.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data)
  24.             row.c2t.add(*xx)
  25.             return redirect('/teacher_list/')
  26.         else:
  27.             print(obj.errors)
  28.         return render(request,'add_teacher.html',{'obj':obj})
  29.  
  30. def edit_teacher(request,nid):
  31.     if request.method == "GET":
  32.         row = models.teacher.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
  33.         class_ids = row.c2t.values_list('id')
  34.         id_list = list(zip(*class_ids))[] if list(zip(*class_ids)) else []
  35.         obj =TeacherForm(initial={'name':row.name,'xx':id_list})
  36.         return render(request,'edit_teacher.html',{'obj':obj,'nid':nid})
  37.     else:
  38.         obj = TeacherForm(request.POST)
  39.         if obj.is_valid():
  40.             cls_list = obj.cleaned_data.pop('xx')
  41.             row = models.teacher.objects.filter(id=nid)
  42.             row.update(**obj.cleaned_data)
  43.             row.first().c2t.set(cls_list)
  44.             return redirect('/teacher_list/')
  45.         else:
  46.             print(obj.errors)
  47.         return render(request,'edit_teacher.html',{'obj':obj,'nid':nid})

views.py

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en">
  3. <head>
  4.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5.     <title>Title</title>
  6. </head>
  7. <body>
  8.  
  9. <h1>老师列表</h1>
  10. <a href="/add_teacher/">添加</a>
  11. <table>
  12.     <tr>
  13.         <th>ID</th>
  14.         <th>老师姓名</th>
  15.         <th>班级</th>
  16.     </tr>
  17.     {% for row in tea_list %}
  18.     <tr>
  19.         <td>{{ row.id }}</td>
  20.         <td>{{ row.name }}</td>
  21.         <td>
  22.             {% for row in row.c2t.all %}
  23.                 {{ row.title }}
  24.             {% endfor %}
  25.         </td>
  26.         <td>
  27.             <a href="/edit_teacher/{{ row.id }}">编辑</a>
  28.         </td>
  29.     </tr>
  30.     {% endfor %}
  31. </table>
  32.  
  33. </body>
  34. </html>

teacher_list.html

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en">
  3. <head>
  4.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5.     <title>Title</title>
  6. </head>
  7. <body>
  8.  
  9. <form method="POST" action="/add_teacher/">
  10.     {% csrf_token %}
  11.     {{ obj.name }}{{ obj.errors.name. }}
  12.     {{ obj.xx }}{{ obj.errors.xx. }}
  13.     <input type="submit" value="提交">
  14. </form>
  15.  
  16. </body>
  17. </html>

add_teacher.html

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en">
  3. <head>
  4.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5.     <title>Title</title>
  6. </head>
  7. <body>
  8.  
  9. <h1>编辑老师</h1>
  10. <form method="POST" action="/edit_teacher/{{ nid }}/">
  11.     {% csrf_token %}
  12.     {{ obj.name }}{{ obj.errors.name. }}
  13.     {{ obj.xx }} {{ obj.errors.xx. }}
  14.     <input type="submit" value="提交">
  15. </form>
  16.  
  17. </body>
  18. </html>

edit_teacher.html

  1. """class_student URL Configuration
  2.  
  3. The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
  4.     https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/
  5. Examples:
  6. Function views
  7.     . Add an import:  from my_app import views
  8.     . Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
  9. Class-based views
  10.     . Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
  11.     . Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
  12. Including another URLconf
  13.     . Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
  14.     . Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
  15. """
  16. from django.conf.urls import url
  17. from django.contrib import admin
  18. from app01 import views
  19.  
  20. urlpatterns = [
  21.     url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
  22.     url(r'^class_list/', views.class_list),
  23.     url(r'^add_class/', views.add_class),
  24.     url(r'^edit_class/(\d+)/', views.edit_class),
  25.  
  26.     url(r'^student_list/', views.student_list),
  27.     url(r'^add_student/', views.add_student),
  28.     url(r'^edit_student/(\d+)/', views.edit_student),
  29.  
  30.     url(r'^teacher_list/', views.teacher_list),
  31.     url(r'^add_teacher/', views.add_teacher),
  32.     url(r'^edit_teacher/(\d+)/', views.edit_teacher),
  33.  
  34.     url(r'^f1/',views.f1),
  35.     url(r'^f2/',views.f2),
  36. ]

urls.py

Form组件的上传功能

  1. from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse
  2. from django.forms import Form
  3. from django.forms import fields
  4. from django.forms import widgets
  5. from app01 import models
  6. import os
  7.  
  8. class F2Form(Form):
  9.     user = fields.CharField()
  10.     fafafa = fields.FileField()
  11.  
  12. def f1(request):
  13.     if request.method=="GET":
  14.         return render(request,'f1.html')
  15.     else:
  16.         print(request.FILES)
  17.         file_obj = request.FILES.get("fafafa")
  18.         f = open(os.path.join('static',file_obj.name),'wb')
  19.         for chunk in file_obj.chunks():
  20.             f.write(chunk)
  21.         f.close()
  22.         return render(request,'f1.html')
  23.  
  24. def f2(request):
  25.     if request.method == "GET":
  26.         obj = F2Form()
  27.         return render(request,'f2.html',{'obj':obj})
  28.     else:
  29.         obj = F2Form(data=request.POST,files=request.FILES)
  30.         if obj.is_valid():
  31.             print(obj.cleaned_data.get("fafafa").name)
  32.             print(obj.cleaned_data.get("fafafa").size)
  33.         return render(request,'f2.html',{'obj':obj})
  34.  
  35. views.py

views.py

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en">
  3. <head>
  4.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5.     <title>Title</title>
  6. </head>
  7. <body>
  8.  
  9. <form method="POST" action="/f1/" enctype="multipart/form-data">
  10.     {% csrf_token %}
  11.     <input type="file" name="fafafa">
  12.     <input type="submit" value="提交">
  13. </form>
  14.  
  15. </body>
  16. </html>

f1.html

  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
  2. <html lang="en">
  3. <head>
  4.     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5.     <title>Title</title>
  6. </head>
  7. <body>
  8.  
  9. <form method="POST" action="/f2/" enctype="multipart/form-data">
  10.     {% csrf_token %}
  11.     {{ obj.user }}
  12.     {{ obj.fafafa }}
  13.     <input type="submit" value="提交">
  14. </form>
  15.  
  16. </body>
  17. </html>

f2.html

Form类的字段和插件

创建Form类时，主要涉及到 【字段】 和 【插件】，字段用于对用户请求数据的验证，插件用于自动生成HTML;

1、Django内置字段如下：

  1. Field
  2.     required=True,               是否允许为空
  3.     widget=None,                 HTML插件
  4.     label=None,                  用于生成Label标签或显示内容
  5.     initial=None,                初始值
  6.     help_text='',                帮助信息(在标签旁边显示)
  7.     error_messages=None,         错误信息 {'required': '不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'}
  8.     show_hidden_initial=False,   是否在当前插件后面再加一个隐藏的且具有默认值的插件（可用于检验两次输入是否一直）
  9.     validators=[],               自定义验证规则
  10.     localize=False,              是否支持本地化
  11.     disabled=False,              是否可以编辑
  12.     label_suffix=None            Label内容后缀
  13.  
  14. CharField(Field)
  15.     max_length=None,             最大长度
  16.     min_length=None,             最小长度
  17.     strip=True                   是否移除用户输入空白
  18.  
  19. IntegerField(Field)
  20.     max_value=None,              最大值
  21.     min_value=None,              最小值
  22.  
  23. FloatField(IntegerField)
  24.     ...
  25.  
  26. DecimalField(IntegerField)
  27.     max_value=None,              最大值
  28.     min_value=None,              最小值
  29.     max_digits=None,             总长度
  30.     decimal_places=None,         小数位长度
  31.  
  32. BaseTemporalField(Field)
  33.     input_formats=None          时间格式化   
  34.  
  35. DateField(BaseTemporalField)    格式：2015-09-01
  36. TimeField(BaseTemporalField)    格式：11:12
  37. DateTimeField(BaseTemporalField)格式：2015-09-01 11:12
  38.  
  39. DurationField(Field)            时间间隔：%d %H:%M:%S.%f
  40.     ...
  41.  
  42. RegexField(CharField)
  43.     regex,                      自定制正则表达式
  44.     max_length=None,            最大长度
  45.     min_length=None,            最小长度
  46.     error_message=None,         忽略，错误信息使用 error_messages={'invalid': '...'}
  47.  
  48. EmailField(CharField)
  49.     ...
  50.  
  51. FileField(Field)
  52.     allow_empty_file=False     是否允许空文件
  53.  
  54. ImageField(FileField)
  55.     ...
  56.     注：需要PIL模块，pip3 install Pillow
  57.     以上两个字典使用时，需要注意两点：
  58.         - form表单中 enctype="multipart/form-data"
  59.         - view函数中 obj = MyForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
  60.  
  61. URLField(Field)
  62.     ...
  63.  
  64. BooleanField(Field)
  65.     ...
  66.  
  67. NullBooleanField(BooleanField)
  68.     ...
  69.  
  70. ChoiceField(Field)
  71.     ...
  72.     choices=(),                选项，如：choices = ((0,'上海'),(1,'北京'),)
  73.     required=True,             是否必填
  74.     widget=None,               插件，默认select插件
  75.     label=None,                Label内容
  76.     initial=None,              初始值
  77.     help_text='',              帮助提示
  78.  
  79. ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField)
  80.     ...                        django.forms.models.ModelChoiceField
  81.     queryset,                  # 查询数据库中的数据
  82.     empty_label="---------",   # 默认空显示内容
  83.     to_field_name=None,        # HTML中value的值对应的字段
  84.     limit_choices_to=None      # ModelForm中对queryset二次筛选
  85.  
  86. ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField)
  87.     ...                        django.forms.models.ModelMultipleChoiceField
  88.  
  89. TypedChoiceField(ChoiceField)
  90.     coerce = lambda val: val   对选中的值进行一次转换
  91.     empty_value= ''            空值的默认值
  92.  
  93. MultipleChoiceField(ChoiceField)
  94.     ...
  95.  
  96. TypedMultipleChoiceField(MultipleChoiceField)
  97.     coerce = lambda val: val   对选中的每一个值进行一次转换
  98.     empty_value= ''            空值的默认值
  99.  
  100. ComboField(Field)
  101.     fields=()                  使用多个验证，如下：即验证最大长度20，又验证邮箱格式
  102.                                fields.ComboField(fields=[fields.CharField(max_length=20), fields.EmailField(),])
  103.  
  104. MultiValueField(Field)
  105.     PS: 抽象类，子类中可以实现聚合多个字典去匹配一个值，要配合MultiWidget使用
  106.  
  107. SplitDateTimeField(MultiValueField)
  108.     input_date_formats=None,   格式列表：['%Y--%m--%d', '%m%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y']
  109.     input_time_formats=None    格式列表：['%H:%M:%S', '%H:%M:%S.%f', '%H:%M']
  110.  
  111. FilePathField(ChoiceField)     文件选项，目录下文件显示在页面中
  112.     path,                      文件夹路径
  113.     match=None,                正则匹配
  114.     recursive=False,           递归下面的文件夹
  115.     allow_files=True,          允许文件
  116.     allow_folders=False,       允许文件夹
  117.     required=True,
  118.     widget=None,
  119.     label=None,
  120.     initial=None,
  121.     help_text=''
  122.  
  123. GenericIPAddressField
  124.     protocol='both',           both,ipv4,ipv6支持的IP格式
  125.     unpack_ipv4=False          解析ipv4地址，如果是::ffff:192.0.2.1时候，可解析为192.0.2.1， PS：protocol必须为both才能启用
  126.  
  127. SlugField(CharField)           数字，字母，下划线，减号（连字符）
  128.     ...
  129.  
  130. UUIDField(CharField)           uuid类型
  131.     ...

注：UUID是根据MAC以及当前时间等创建的不重复的随机字符串

  1. >>> import uuid
  2.  
  3.     # make a UUID based on the host ID and current time
  4.     >>> uuid.uuid1()    # doctest: +SKIP
  5.     UUID('a8098c1a-f86e-11da-bd1a-00112444be1e')
  6.  
  7.     # make a UUID using an MD5 hash of a namespace UUID and a name
  8.     >>> uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')
  9.     UUID('6fa459ea-ee8a-3ca4-894e-db77e160355e')
  10.  
  11.     # make a random UUID
  12.     >>> uuid.uuid4()    # doctest: +SKIP
  13.     UUID('16fd2706-8baf-433b-82eb-8c7fada847da')
  14.  
  15.     # make a UUID using a SHA- hash of a namespace UUID and a name
  16.     >>> uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')
  17.     UUID('886313e1-3b8a-5372-9b90-0c9aee199e5d')
  18.  
  19.     # make a UUID from a string of hex digits (braces and hyphens ignored)
  20.     >>> x = uuid.UUID('{00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f}')
  21.  
  22.     # convert a UUID to a string of hex digits in standard form
  23.     >>> str(x)
  24.     '00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f'
  25.  
  26.     # get the raw  bytes of the UUID
  27.     >>> x.bytes
  28.     b'\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\t\n\x0b\x0c\r\x0e\x0f'
  29.  
  30.     # make a UUID from a -byte string
  31.     >>> uuid.UUID(bytes=x.bytes)
  32.     UUID('00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f')

2、Django内置插件：

  1. TextInput(Input)
  2. NumberInput(TextInput)
  3. EmailInput(TextInput)
  4. URLInput(TextInput)
  5. PasswordInput(TextInput)
  6. HiddenInput(TextInput)
  7. Textarea(Widget)
  8. DateInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
  9. DateTimeInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
  10. TimeInput(DateTimeBaseInput)
  11. CheckboxInput
  12. Select
  13. NullBooleanSelect
  14. SelectMultiple
  15. RadioSelect
  16. CheckboxSelectMultiple
  17. FileInput
  18. ClearableFileInput
  19. MultipleHiddenInput
  20. SplitDateTimeWidget
  21. SplitHiddenDateTimeWidget
  22. SelectDateWidget

常用选择插件

  1. # 单radio，值为字符串
  2. # user = fields.CharField(
  3. #     initial=2,
  4. #     widget=widgets.RadioSelect(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))
  5. # )
  6.  
  7. # 单radio，值为字符串
  8. # user = fields.ChoiceField(
  9. #     choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
  10. #     initial=2,
  11. #     widget=widgets.RadioSelect
  12. # )
  13.  
  14. # 单select，值为字符串
  15. # user = fields.CharField(
  16. #     initial=2,
  17. #     widget=widgets.Select(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))
  18. # )
  19.  
  20. # 单select，值为字符串
  21. # user = fields.ChoiceField(
  22. #     choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
  23. #     initial=2,
  24. #     widget=widgets.Select
  25. # )
  26.  
  27. # 多选select，值为列表
  28. # user = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
  29. #     choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),),
  30. #     initial=[1,],
  31. #     widget=widgets.SelectMultiple
  32. # )
  33.  
  34. # 单checkbox
  35. # user = fields.CharField(
  36. #     widget=widgets.CheckboxInput()
  37. # )
  38.  
  39. # 多选checkbox,值为列表
  40. # user = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
  41. #     initial=[2, ],
  42. #     choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
  43. #     widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple
  44. # )

在使用选择标签时，需要注意choices的选项可以从数据库中获取，但是由于是静态字段 ***获取的值无法实时更新***，那么需要自定义构造方法从而达到此目的。

方式一：

  1. from django.forms import Form
  2. from django.forms import widgets
  3. from django.forms import fields
  4. from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
  5.  
  6. class MyForm(Form):
  7.  
  8.     user = fields.ChoiceField(
  9.         # choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
  10.         initial=2,
  11.         widget=widgets.Select
  12.     )
  13.  
  14.     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
  15.         super(MyForm,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
  16.         # self.fields['user'].widget.choices = ((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),)
  17.         # 或
  18.         self.fields['user'].widget.choices = models.Classes.objects.all().value_list('id','caption')

方式二：

使用django提供的ModelChoiceField和ModelMultipleChoiceField字段来实现

  1. from django import forms
  2. from django.forms import fields
  3. from django.forms import widgets
  4. from django.forms import models as form_model
  5. from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
  6. from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
  7.  
  8. class FInfo(forms.Form):
  9.     authors = form_model.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=models.NNewType.objects.all())
  10.     # authors = form_model.ModelChoiceField(queryset=models.NNewType.objects.all())zidi

自定义验证规则

方式一：

  1. from django.forms import Form
  2. from django.forms import widgets
  3. from django.forms import fields
  4. from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
  5.  
  6. class MyForm(Form):
  7.     user = fields.CharField(
  8.         validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', '请输入数字'), RegexValidator(r'^159[0-9]+$', '数字必须以159开头')],
  9.     )

方式二：

  1. import re
  2. from django.forms import Form
  3. from django.forms import widgets
  4. from django.forms import fields
  5. from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
  6.  
  7. # 自定义验证规则
  8. def mobile_validate(value):
  9.     mobile_re = re.compile(r'^(13[0-9]|15[012356789]|17[678]|18[0-9]|14[57])[0-9]{8}$')
  10.     if not mobile_re.match(value):
  11.         raise ValidationError('手机号码格式错误')
  12.  
  13. class PublishForm(Form):
  14.  
  15.     title = fields.CharField(max_length=20,
  16.                             min_length=5,
  17.                             error_messages={'required': '标题不能为空',
  18.                                             'min_length': '标题最少为5个字符',
  19.                                             'max_length': '标题最多为20个字符'},
  20.                             widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
  21.                                                           'placeholder': '标题5-20个字符'}))
  22.  
  23.     # 使用自定义验证规则
  24.     phone = fields.CharField(validators=[mobile_validate, ],
  25.                             error_messages={'required': '手机不能为空'},
  26.                             widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
  27.                                                           'placeholder': u'手机号码'}))
  28.  
  29.     email = fields.EmailField(required=False,
  30.                             error_messages={'required': u'邮箱不能为空','invalid': u'邮箱格式错误'},
  31.                             widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control", 'placeholder': u'邮箱'}))

方法三：自定义方法

  1. from django import forms
  2.     from django.forms import fields
  3.     from django.forms import widgets
  4.     from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
  5.     from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
  6.  
  7.     class FInfo(forms.Form):
  8.         username = fields.CharField(max_length=5,
  9.                                     validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.', 'invalid')], )
  10.         email = fields.EmailField()
  11.  
  12.         def clean_username(self):
  13.             """
  14.             Form中字段中定义的格式匹配完之后，执行此方法进行验证
  15.             :return:
  16.             """
  17.             value = self.cleaned_data['username']
  18.             if "666" in value:
  19.                 raise ValidationError('666已经被玩烂了...', 'invalid')
  20.             return value

方式四：同时生成多个标签进行验证

  1. from django.forms import Form
  2. from django.forms import widgets
  3. from django.forms import fields
  4.  
  5. from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
  6.  
  7. ############## 自定义字段 ##############
  8. class PhoneField(fields.MultiValueField):
  9.     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
  10.         # Define one message for all fields.
  11.         error_messages = {
  12.             'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code and a phone number.',
  13.         }
  14.         # Or define a different message for each field.
  15.         f = (
  16.             fields.CharField(
  17.                 error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code.'},
  18.                 validators=[
  19.                     RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid country calling code.'),
  20.                 ],
  21.             ),
  22.             fields.CharField(
  23.                 error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a phone number.'},
  24.                 validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid phone number.')],
  25.             ),
  26.             fields.CharField(
  27.                 validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.')],
  28.                 required=False,
  29.             ),
  30.         )
  31.         super(PhoneField, self).__init__(error_messages=error_messages, fields=f, require_all_fields=False, *args,
  32.                                          **kwargs)
  33.  
  34.     def compress(self, data_list):
  35.         """
  36.         当用户验证都通过后，该值返回给用户
  37.         :param data_list:
  38.         :return:
  39.         """
  40.         return data_list
  41.  
  42. ############## 自定义插件 ##############
  43. class SplitPhoneWidget(widgets.MultiWidget):
  44.     def __init__(self):
  45.         ws = (
  46.             widgets.TextInput(),
  47.             widgets.TextInput(),
  48.             widgets.TextInput(),
  49.         )
  50.         super(SplitPhoneWidget, self).__init__(ws)
  51.  
  52.     def decompress(self, value):
  53.         """
  54.         处理初始值，当初始值initial不是列表时，调用该方法
  55.         :param value:
  56.         :return:
  57.         """
  58.         if value:
  59.             return value.split(',')
  60.         return [None, None, None]

初始化数据

在Web应用程序中开发编写功能时，时常用到获取数据库中的数据并将值初始化在HTML中的标签上。

1、Form

  1. from django.forms import Form
  2. from django.forms import widgets
  3. from django.forms import fields
  4. from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
  5.  
  6. class MyForm(Form):
  7.     user = fields.CharField()
  8.  
  9.     city = fields.ChoiceField(
  10.         choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
  11.         widget=widgets.Select
  12.     )

2、Views

  1. from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
  2. from .forms import MyForm
  3.  
  4. def index(request):
  5.     if request.method == "GET":
  6.         values = {'user': 'root', 'city': 2}
  7.         obj = MyForm(values)
  8.  
  9.         return render(request, 'index.html', {'form': obj})
  10.     elif request.method == "POST":
  11.         return redirect('http://www.google.com')
  12.     else:
  13.         return redirect('http://www.google.com')

3、HTML

  1. <form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
  2.     {% csrf_token %}
  3.     <p>{{ form.user }} {{ form.user.errors }}</p>
  4.     <p>{{ form.city }} {{ form.city.errors }}</p>
  5.  
  6.     <input type="submit"/>
  7. </form>

　　

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