Django的Form主要具有一下几大功能：

  • 生成HTML标签
  • 验证用户数据（显示错误信息）
  • HTML Form提交保留上次提交数据
  • 初始化页面显示内容

Form类的使用：

1、定义规则：

from django.forms import Form

from django.forms import fields

class xxx(Form):

	xx = fields.CharField(max_lenghth=,min_lenghth=,required=True,error_message=)

2、使用：

obj = xxx(request.POST)

# 是否校验成功

v = obj.is_valid()

	# html标签name属性 = Form类字段名

obj.is_valid()验证通过返回True，失败则返回False

# 所有错误信息

obj.errors

# 正确信息

obj.cleaned_data

登录和注册案例：

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect

from django.forms import Form

from django.forms import fields

class LoginForm(Form):

    # 正则验证: 不能为空,-

    username = fields.CharField(

        max_length=,

        min_length=,

        required=True,

        error_messages={

            'required': '用户名不能为空',

            'min_length': '太短了',

            'max_length': '太长了',

        }

    )

    # 正则验证: 不能为空，+

    password = fields.CharField(min_length=,required=True)

    # email = fields.EmailField()

    # email = fields.GenericIPAddressField()

    # email = fields.IntegerField()

def login(request):

    if request.method == "GET":

        return render(request,'login.html')

    else:

       obj = LoginForm(request.POST)

       if obj.is_valid():

           # 用户输入格式正确

           print(obj.cleaned_data) # 字典类型

           return redirect('http://www.baidu.com')

       else:

           # 用户输入格式错误

           return render(request,'login.html',{'obj':obj})

views.py

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<form method="POST" action="/login/">

    {% csrf_token %}

    用户名:<input type="text" name="username">{{ obj.errors.username. }}<br>

    密码 &nbsp;&nbsp;:<input type="password" name="password">{{ obj.errors.password. }}<br>

    <input type="submit" value="提交">

</form>

</body>

</html>

login.html

基于Form和Ajax提交实现用户登录案例：两种验证方式

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse

from django.forms import Form

from django.forms import fields

from django.forms import widgets

class LoginForm(Form):

    user = fields.CharField(required=True)

    pwd = fields.CharField(min_length=)

def login(request):

    if request.method == 'GET':

        return render(request,'login.html')

    else:

        obj = LoginForm(request.POST)

        if obj.is_valid():

            print(obj.cleaned_data)

            return redirect('http://www.baidu.com')

        return render(request,'login.html',{'obj': obj})

def ajax_login(request):

    import json

    ret = {'status': True,'msg': None}

    obj = LoginForm(request.POST)

    if obj.is_valid():

        print(obj.cleaned_data)

    else:

        # print(obj.errors) # obj.errors对象

        ret['status'] = False

        ret['msg'] = obj.errors

    v = json.dumps(ret)

    return HttpResponse(v)

#

# class TestForm(Form):

#     t1 = fields.CharField(

#         required=True,

#         max_length=,

#         min_length=,

#         error_messages={

#             'required': '不能为空',

#             'max_length': '太长',

#             'min_length': '太短',

#         }

#     )

#     t2 = fields.IntegerField(

#         min_value=,

#         max_value=,

#         error_messages={

#             'required': 't2不能为空',

#             'invalid': 't2格式错误，必须是数字',

#             'min_value': '必须大于10',

#             'max_value': '必须小于1000',

#         },

#     )

#     t3 = fields.EmailField(

#         error_messages={

#             'required': 't3不能为空',

#             'invalid': 't3格式错误，必须是邮箱格式',

#         }

#     )

class TestForm(Form):

    t1 = fields.CharField(required=True,max_length=,min_length=,

        error_messages={

            'required': '不能为空',

            'max_length': '太长',

            'min_length': '太短',

        }

    )

    t2 = fields.EmailField()

def test(request):

    if request.method == "GET":

        obj = TestForm()

        return render(request,'test.html',{'obj': obj})

    else:

        obj = TestForm(request.POST)

        if obj.is_valid():

            print(obj.cleaned_data)

        else:

            print(obj.errors)

        return render(request,'test.html',{'obj':obj})

class RegiterForm(Form):

    user = fields.CharField(min_length=)

    email = fields.EmailField()

    password = fields.CharField()

    phone = fields.RegexField('139\d+')

def register(request):

    if request.method == 'GET':

        obj = RegiterForm()

        return render(request,'register.html',{'obj':obj})

    else:

        obj = RegiterForm(request.POST)

        if obj.is_valid():

            print(obj.cleaned_data)

        else:

            print(obj.errors)

        return render(request,'register.html',{'obj':obj})

views.py

"""s4day77 URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:

    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/urls/

Examples:

Function views

    . Add an import:  from my_app import views

    . Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')

Class-based views

    . Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home

    . Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')

Including another URLconf

    . Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include

    . Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))

"""

from django.conf.urls import url

from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

    url(r'^login/', views.login),

    url(r'^ajax_login/', views.ajax_login),

    url(r'^test/', views.test),

    url(r'^register/', views.register),

]

urls.py

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title></title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>用户登录</h1>

    <form id="f1" action="/login/" method="POST">

        {% csrf_token %}

        <p>

            <input type="text" name="user" />{{ obj.errors.user. }}

        </p>

        <p>

            <input type="password" name="pwd" />{{ obj.errors.pwd. }}

        </p>

        <input type="submit" value="提交" />

        <a onclick="submitForm();">提交</a>

    </form>

    <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>

    <script>

        function submitForm(){

            $('.c1').remove();

            $.ajax({

                url: '/ajax_login/',

                type: 'POST',

                data: $('#f1').serialize(),// user=alex&pwd=456&csrftoen=dfdf\

                dataType:"JSON",

                success:function(arg){

                    console.log(arg);

                    if(arg.status){

                    }else{

                        $.each(arg.msg,function(index,value){

                            console.log(index,value);

                            var tag = document.createElement('span');

                            tag.innerHTML = value[];

                            tag.className = 'c1';

                            $('#f1').find('input[name="'+ index +'"]').after(tag);

                        })

                    }

                }

            })

        }

    </script>

</body>

</html>

login.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title></title>

</head>

<body>

    <form action="/test/" method="POST" novalidate>

        {% csrf_token %}

        <p>

            {{ obj.t1 }}{{ obj.errors.t1. }}

        </p>

        <p>

            {{ obj.t2 }}{{ obj.errors.t2. }}

        </p>

        <input type="submit" value="提交" />

    </form>

</body>

</html>

test.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title></title>

</head>

<body>

    <form action="/register/" method="POST" novalidate>

        {% csrf_token %}

        <p>

            {{ obj.user }} {{ obj.errors.user. }}

        </p>

        <p>

            {{ obj.email }} {{ obj.errors.email. }}

        </p>

        <p>

            {{ obj.password }} {{ obj.errors.password. }}

        </p>

        <p>

            {{ obj.phone }} {{ obj.errors.phone. }}

        </p>

        <input type="submit" value="提交"  />

    </form>

</body>

</html>

register.html

总结：

- Ajax，仅用验证功能

- Form，验证功能，生成HTML标签

班级、学生案例：

from django.db import models

class Classes(models.Model):

    title = models.CharField(max_length=)

class Student(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=)

    email = models.CharField(max_length=)

    age = models.IntegerField(max_length=)

    cls = models.ForeignKey('Classes')

class Teacher(models.Model):

    tname = models.CharField(max_length=)

    c2t = models.ManyToManyField('Classes')

models.py

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect

from app01 import models

from django.forms import Form

from django.forms import fields

from django.forms import widgets

class ClassForm(Form):

    title = fields.RegexField('全栈\d+')

def class_list(request):

    cls_list = models.Classes.objects.all()

    return render(request,'class_list.html',{'cls_list':cls_list})

def add_class(request):

    if request.method == "GET":

        obj = ClassForm()

        return render(request,'add_class.html',{'obj': obj})

    else:

        obj = ClassForm(request.POST)

        if obj.is_valid():

            # obj.cleaned_data # 字典

            # 数据库创建一条数据

            # print(obj.cleaned_data)

            # models.Classes.objects.create(title=obj.cleaned_data['tt'])

            models.Classes.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data)

            return redirect('/class_list/')

        return render(request,'add_class.html',{'obj': obj})

def edit_class(request,nid):

    if request.method == "GET":

        row = models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).first()

        # 让页面显示初始值

        # obj = ClassForm(data={'title': 'asdfasdfasdfas'})

        obj = ClassForm(initial={'title': row.title})

        return render(request,'edit_class.html',{'nid': nid,'obj':obj})

    else:

        obj = ClassForm(request.POST)

        if obj.is_valid():

            models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data)

            return redirect('/class_list/')

        return render(request,'edit_class.html',{'nid': nid,'obj':obj})

class StudentForm(Form):

    name = fields.CharField(

        min_length=,

        max_length=,

        widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})

    )

    email = fields.EmailField(widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))

    age = fields.IntegerField(min_value=,max_value=,widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))

    cls_id = fields.IntegerField(

        # widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(,'上海'),(,'北京')])

        widget=widgets.Select(choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title'),attrs={'class': 'form-control'})

    )

def student_list(request):

    stu_list = models.Student.objects.all()

    return render(request,'student_list.html',{'stu_list':stu_list})

def add_student(request):

    if request.method == "GET":

        obj = StudentForm()

        return render(request,'add_student.html',{'obj':obj})

    else:

        obj = StudentForm(request.POST)

        if obj.is_valid():

            models.Student.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data)

            return redirect('/student_list/')

        return render(request,'add_student.html',{'obj':obj})

def edit_student(request,nid):

    if request.method == "GET":

        row = models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).values('name','email','age','cls_id').first()

        obj = StudentForm(initial=row)

        return render(request,'edit_student.html',{'nid':nid,'obj': obj})

    else:

        obj = StudentForm(request.POST)

        if obj.is_valid():

            models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj.cleaned_data)

            return redirect('/student_list/')

        return render(request,'edit_student.html',{'nid':nid,'obj': obj})

views.py

"""s4day77example URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:

    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/urls/

Examples:

Function views

    . Add an import:  from my_app import views

    . Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')

Class-based views

    . Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home

    . Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')

Including another URLconf

    . Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include

    . Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))

"""

from django.conf.urls import url

from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

    url(r'^class_list/', views.class_list),

    url(r'^add_class/', views.add_class),

    url(r'^edit_class/(\d+)/', views.edit_class),

    url(r'^student_list/', views.student_list),

    url(r'^add_student/', views.add_student),

    url(r'^edit_student/(\d+)/', views.edit_student),

]

urls.py

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title></title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>班级列表</h1>

    <div>

        <a href="/add_class/">添加</a>

    </div>

    <ul>

        {% for row in cls_list %}

            <li>{{ row.title }} <a href="/edit_class/{{ row.id }}/">编辑</a>  </li>

        {% endfor %}

    </ul>

</body>

</html>

class_list.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title></title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>添加班级</h1>

    <form method="POST" action="/add_class/" novalidate>

        {% csrf_token %}

        {{ obj.title }} {{ obj.errors.title. }}

        <input type="submit" value="提交" />

    </form>

</body>

</html>

add_class.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title></title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>编辑班级</h1>

    <form method="POST" action="/edit_class/{{ nid }}/">

        {% csrf_token %}

        <p>

            {{ obj.title }} {{ obj.errors.title. }}

        </p>

        <input type='submit' value="提交" />

    </form>

</body>

</html>

edit_class.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title></title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>学生列表</h1>

    <a href="/add_student/">添加</a>

    <ul>

        {% for row in stu_list %}

            <li>{{ row.name }}-{{ row.email }}-{{ row.age }}-{{ row.cls_id }}-{{ row.cls.title }}   <a href="/edit_student/{{ row.id }}/">编辑</a></li>

        {% endfor %}

    </ul>

</body>

</html>

student_list.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title></title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>添加学生</h1>

    <form action="/add_student/" method="POST">

        {% csrf_token %}

        <p>

            {{ obj.name }}

        </p>

        <p>

            {{ obj.email }}

        </p>

        <p>

            {{ obj.age }}

        </p>

        <p>

            {{ obj.cls_id }}

        </p>

        <input type="submit" value="提交" />

    </form>

</body>

</html>

add_student.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title></title>

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.5-dist/css/bootstrap.css"/>

</head>

<body>

    <div style="width: 500px;margin: 0 auto;">

        <form class="form-horizontal" method="POST" action="/edit_student/{{ nid }}/">

            {% csrf_token %}

            <div class="form-group">

                <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名：</label>

                <div class="col-sm-10">

                    {{ obj.name }}

                </div>

            </div>

            <div class="form-group">

                <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">邮箱：</label>

                <div class="col-sm-10">

                    {{ obj.email }}

                </div>

            </div>

             <div class="form-group">

                <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">年龄：</label>

                <div class="col-sm-10">

                    {{ obj.age }}

                </div>

            </div>

             <div class="form-group">

                <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">班级：</label>

                <div class="col-sm-10">

                    {{ obj.cls_id }}

                </div>

            </div>

            <div class="form-group">

                <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">

                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default" value="提交" />

                </div>

            </div>

        </form>

    </div>

</body>

</html>

edit_student.html

老师案例：

class TeacherForm(Form):

    name = fields.CharField()

    xx = fields.MultipleChoiceField(

        widget=widgets.SelectMultiple

    )

    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):

        super(TeacherForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)

        self.fields['xx'].choices = models.classes.objects.values_list('id','title')

def teacher_list(request):

    tea_list = models.teacher.objects.all()

    return render(request,'teacher_list.html',{'tea_list':tea_list})

def add_teacher(request):

    if request.method == "GET":

        obj = TeacherForm()

        return render(request,'add_teacher.html',{'obj':obj})

    else:

        obj = TeacherForm(request.POST)

        # print(obj)

        if obj.is_valid():

            xx = obj.cleaned_data.pop('xx')

            row = models.teacher.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data)

            row.c2t.add(*xx)

            return redirect('/teacher_list/')

        else:

            print(obj.errors)

        return render(request,'add_teacher.html',{'obj':obj})

def edit_teacher(request,nid):

    if request.method == "GET":

        row = models.teacher.objects.filter(id=nid).first()

        class_ids = row.c2t.values_list('id')

        id_list = list(zip(*class_ids))[] if list(zip(*class_ids)) else []

        obj =TeacherForm(initial={'name':row.name,'xx':id_list})

        return render(request,'edit_teacher.html',{'obj':obj,'nid':nid})

    else:

        obj = TeacherForm(request.POST)

        if obj.is_valid():

            cls_list = obj.cleaned_data.pop('xx')

            row = models.teacher.objects.filter(id=nid)

            row.update(**obj.cleaned_data)

            row.first().c2t.set(cls_list)

            return redirect('/teacher_list/')

        else:

            print(obj.errors)

        return render(request,'edit_teacher.html',{'obj':obj,'nid':nid})

views.py

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>老师列表</h1>

<a href="/add_teacher/">添加</a>

<table>

    <tr>

        <th>ID</th>

        <th>老师姓名</th>

        <th>班级</th>

    </tr>

    {% for row in tea_list %}

    <tr>

        <td>{{ row.id }}</td>

        <td>{{ row.name }}</td>

        <td>

            {% for row in row.c2t.all %}

                {{ row.title }}

            {% endfor %}

        </td>

        <td>

            <a href="/edit_teacher/{{ row.id }}">编辑</a>

        </td>

    </tr>

    {% endfor %}

</table>

</body>

</html>

teacher_list.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<form method="POST" action="/add_teacher/">

    {% csrf_token %}

    {{ obj.name }}{{ obj.errors.name. }}

    {{ obj.xx }}{{ obj.errors.xx. }}

    <input type="submit" value="提交">

</form>

</body>

</html>

add_teacher.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>编辑老师</h1>

<form method="POST" action="/edit_teacher/{{ nid }}/">

    {% csrf_token %}

    {{ obj.name }}{{ obj.errors.name. }}

    {{ obj.xx }} {{ obj.errors.xx. }}

    <input type="submit" value="提交">

</form>

</body>

</html>

edit_teacher.html

"""class_student URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:

    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/

Examples:

Function views

    . Add an import:  from my_app import views

    . Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')

Class-based views

    . Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home

    . Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')

Including another URLconf

    . Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include

    . Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))

"""

from django.conf.urls import url

from django.contrib import admin

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

    url(r'^class_list/', views.class_list),

    url(r'^add_class/', views.add_class),

    url(r'^edit_class/(\d+)/', views.edit_class),

    url(r'^student_list/', views.student_list),

    url(r'^add_student/', views.add_student),

    url(r'^edit_student/(\d+)/', views.edit_student),

    url(r'^teacher_list/', views.teacher_list),

    url(r'^add_teacher/', views.add_teacher),

    url(r'^edit_teacher/(\d+)/', views.edit_teacher),

    url(r'^f1/',views.f1),

    url(r'^f2/',views.f2),

]

urls.py

Form组件的上传功能

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse

from django.forms import Form

from django.forms import fields

from django.forms import widgets

from app01 import models

import os

class F2Form(Form):

    user = fields.CharField()

    fafafa = fields.FileField()

def f1(request):

    if request.method=="GET":

        return render(request,'f1.html')

    else:

        print(request.FILES)

        file_obj = request.FILES.get("fafafa")

        f = open(os.path.join('static',file_obj.name),'wb')

        for chunk in file_obj.chunks():

            f.write(chunk)

        f.close()

        return render(request,'f1.html')

def f2(request):

    if request.method == "GET":

        obj = F2Form()

        return render(request,'f2.html',{'obj':obj})

    else:

        obj = F2Form(data=request.POST,files=request.FILES)

        if obj.is_valid():

            print(obj.cleaned_data.get("fafafa").name)

            print(obj.cleaned_data.get("fafafa").size)

        return render(request,'f2.html',{'obj':obj})

views.py

views.py

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<form method="POST" action="/f1/" enctype="multipart/form-data">

    {% csrf_token %}

    <input type="file" name="fafafa">

    <input type="submit" value="提交">

</form>

</body>

</html>

f1.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<form method="POST" action="/f2/" enctype="multipart/form-data">

    {% csrf_token %}

    {{ obj.user }}

    {{ obj.fafafa }}

    <input type="submit" value="提交">

</form>

</body>

</html>

f2.html

Form类的字段和插件

创建Form类时，主要涉及到 【字段】 和 【插件】，字段用于对用户请求数据的验证，插件用于自动生成HTML;

1、Django内置字段如下：

Field

    required=True,               是否允许为空

    widget=None,                 HTML插件

    label=None,                  用于生成Label标签或显示内容

    initial=None,                初始值

    help_text='',                帮助信息(在标签旁边显示)

    error_messages=None,         错误信息 {'required': '不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'}

    show_hidden_initial=False,   是否在当前插件后面再加一个隐藏的且具有默认值的插件（可用于检验两次输入是否一直）

    validators=[],               自定义验证规则

    localize=False,              是否支持本地化

    disabled=False,              是否可以编辑

    label_suffix=None            Label内容后缀

CharField(Field)

    max_length=None,             最大长度

    min_length=None,             最小长度

    strip=True                   是否移除用户输入空白

IntegerField(Field)

    max_value=None,              最大值

    min_value=None,              最小值

FloatField(IntegerField)

    ...

DecimalField(IntegerField)

    max_value=None,              最大值

    min_value=None,              最小值

    max_digits=None,             总长度

    decimal_places=None,         小数位长度

BaseTemporalField(Field)

    input_formats=None          时间格式化   

DateField(BaseTemporalField)    格式：2015-09-01

TimeField(BaseTemporalField)    格式：11:12

DateTimeField(BaseTemporalField)格式：2015-09-01 11:12

DurationField(Field)            时间间隔：%d %H:%M:%S.%f

    ...

RegexField(CharField)

    regex,                      自定制正则表达式

    max_length=None,            最大长度

    min_length=None,            最小长度

    error_message=None,         忽略，错误信息使用 error_messages={'invalid': '...'}

EmailField(CharField)

    ...

FileField(Field)

    allow_empty_file=False     是否允许空文件

ImageField(FileField)

    ...

    注：需要PIL模块，pip3 install Pillow

    以上两个字典使用时，需要注意两点：

        - form表单中 enctype="multipart/form-data"

        - view函数中 obj = MyForm(request.POST, request.FILES)

URLField(Field)

    ...

BooleanField(Field)

    ...

NullBooleanField(BooleanField)

    ...

ChoiceField(Field)

    ...

    choices=(),                选项，如：choices = ((0,'上海'),(1,'北京'),)

    required=True,             是否必填

    widget=None,               插件，默认select插件

    label=None,                Label内容

    initial=None,              初始值

    help_text='',              帮助提示

ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField)

    ...                        django.forms.models.ModelChoiceField

    queryset,                  # 查询数据库中的数据

    empty_label="---------",   # 默认空显示内容

    to_field_name=None,        # HTML中value的值对应的字段

    limit_choices_to=None      # ModelForm中对queryset二次筛选

ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField)

    ...                        django.forms.models.ModelMultipleChoiceField

TypedChoiceField(ChoiceField)

    coerce = lambda val: val   对选中的值进行一次转换

    empty_value= ''            空值的默认值

MultipleChoiceField(ChoiceField)

    ...

TypedMultipleChoiceField(MultipleChoiceField)

    coerce = lambda val: val   对选中的每一个值进行一次转换

    empty_value= ''            空值的默认值

ComboField(Field)

    fields=()                  使用多个验证，如下：即验证最大长度20，又验证邮箱格式

                               fields.ComboField(fields=[fields.CharField(max_length=20), fields.EmailField(),])

MultiValueField(Field)

    PS: 抽象类，子类中可以实现聚合多个字典去匹配一个值，要配合MultiWidget使用

SplitDateTimeField(MultiValueField)

    input_date_formats=None,   格式列表：['%Y--%m--%d', '%m%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y']

    input_time_formats=None    格式列表：['%H:%M:%S', '%H:%M:%S.%f', '%H:%M']

FilePathField(ChoiceField)     文件选项，目录下文件显示在页面中

    path,                      文件夹路径

    match=None,                正则匹配

    recursive=False,           递归下面的文件夹

    allow_files=True,          允许文件

    allow_folders=False,       允许文件夹

    required=True,

    widget=None,

    label=None,

    initial=None,

    help_text=''

GenericIPAddressField

    protocol='both',           both,ipv4,ipv6支持的IP格式

    unpack_ipv4=False          解析ipv4地址，如果是::ffff:192.0.2.1时候，可解析为192.0.2.1， PS：protocol必须为both才能启用

SlugField(CharField)           数字，字母，下划线，减号（连字符）

    ...

UUIDField(CharField)           uuid类型

    ...

注：UUID是根据MAC以及当前时间等创建的不重复的随机字符串

>>> import uuid

    # make a UUID based on the host ID and current time

    >>> uuid.uuid1()    # doctest: +SKIP

    UUID('a8098c1a-f86e-11da-bd1a-00112444be1e')

    # make a UUID using an MD5 hash of a namespace UUID and a name

    >>> uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')

    UUID('6fa459ea-ee8a-3ca4-894e-db77e160355e')

    # make a random UUID

    >>> uuid.uuid4()    # doctest: +SKIP

    UUID('16fd2706-8baf-433b-82eb-8c7fada847da')

    # make a UUID using a SHA- hash of a namespace UUID and a name

    >>> uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')

    UUID('886313e1-3b8a-5372-9b90-0c9aee199e5d')

    # make a UUID from a string of hex digits (braces and hyphens ignored)

    >>> x = uuid.UUID('{00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f}')

    # convert a UUID to a string of hex digits in standard form

    >>> str(x)

    '00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f'

    # get the raw  bytes of the UUID

    >>> x.bytes

    b'\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\t\n\x0b\x0c\r\x0e\x0f'

    # make a UUID from a -byte string

    >>> uuid.UUID(bytes=x.bytes)

    UUID('00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f')

2、Django内置插件：

TextInput(Input)

NumberInput(TextInput)

EmailInput(TextInput)

URLInput(TextInput)

PasswordInput(TextInput)

HiddenInput(TextInput)

Textarea(Widget)

DateInput(DateTimeBaseInput)

DateTimeInput(DateTimeBaseInput)

TimeInput(DateTimeBaseInput)

CheckboxInput

Select

NullBooleanSelect

SelectMultiple

RadioSelect

CheckboxSelectMultiple

FileInput

ClearableFileInput

MultipleHiddenInput

SplitDateTimeWidget

SplitHiddenDateTimeWidget

SelectDateWidget

常用选择插件

# 单radio，值为字符串

# user = fields.CharField(

#     initial=2,

#     widget=widgets.RadioSelect(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))

# )

# 单radio，值为字符串

# user = fields.ChoiceField(

#     choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),

#     initial=2,

#     widget=widgets.RadioSelect

# )

# 单select，值为字符串

# user = fields.CharField(

#     initial=2,

#     widget=widgets.Select(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))

# )

# 单select，值为字符串

# user = fields.ChoiceField(

#     choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),

#     initial=2,

#     widget=widgets.Select

# )

# 多选select，值为列表

# user = fields.MultipleChoiceField(

#     choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),),

#     initial=[1,],

#     widget=widgets.SelectMultiple

# )

# 单checkbox

# user = fields.CharField(

#     widget=widgets.CheckboxInput()

# )

# 多选checkbox,值为列表

# user = fields.MultipleChoiceField(

#     initial=[2, ],

#     choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),

#     widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple

# )

在使用选择标签时，需要注意choices的选项可以从数据库中获取，但是由于是静态字段 ***获取的值无法实时更新***，那么需要自定义构造方法从而达到此目的。

方式一：

from django.forms import Form

from django.forms import widgets

from django.forms import fields

from django.core.validators import RegexValidator

class MyForm(Form):

    user = fields.ChoiceField(

        # choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),

        initial=2,

        widget=widgets.Select

    )

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):

        super(MyForm,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        # self.fields['user'].widget.choices = ((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),)

        # 或

        self.fields['user'].widget.choices = models.Classes.objects.all().value_list('id','caption')

方式二：

使用django提供的ModelChoiceField和ModelMultipleChoiceField字段来实现

from django import forms

from django.forms import fields

from django.forms import widgets

from django.forms import models as form_model

from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError

from django.core.validators import RegexValidator

class FInfo(forms.Form):

    authors = form_model.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=models.NNewType.objects.all())

    # authors = form_model.ModelChoiceField(queryset=models.NNewType.objects.all())zidi

自定义验证规则

方式一：

from django.forms import Form

from django.forms import widgets

from django.forms import fields

from django.core.validators import RegexValidator

class MyForm(Form):

    user = fields.CharField(

        validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', '请输入数字'), RegexValidator(r'^159[0-9]+$', '数字必须以159开头')],

    )

方式二：

import re

from django.forms import Form

from django.forms import widgets

from django.forms import fields

from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError

# 自定义验证规则

def mobile_validate(value):

    mobile_re = re.compile(r'^(13[0-9]|15[012356789]|17[678]|18[0-9]|14[57])[0-9]{8}$')

    if not mobile_re.match(value):

        raise ValidationError('手机号码格式错误')

class PublishForm(Form):

    title = fields.CharField(max_length=20,

                            min_length=5,

                            error_messages={'required': '标题不能为空',

                                            'min_length': '标题最少为5个字符',

                                            'max_length': '标题最多为20个字符'},

                            widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",

                                                          'placeholder': '标题5-20个字符'}))

    # 使用自定义验证规则

    phone = fields.CharField(validators=[mobile_validate, ],

                            error_messages={'required': '手机不能为空'},

                            widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",

                                                          'placeholder': u'手机号码'}))

    email = fields.EmailField(required=False,

                            error_messages={'required': u'邮箱不能为空','invalid': u'邮箱格式错误'},

                            widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control", 'placeholder': u'邮箱'}))

方法三：自定义方法

from django import forms

    from django.forms import fields

    from django.forms import widgets

    from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError

    from django.core.validators import RegexValidator

    class FInfo(forms.Form):

        username = fields.CharField(max_length=5,

                                    validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.', 'invalid')], )

        email = fields.EmailField()

        def clean_username(self):

            """

            Form中字段中定义的格式匹配完之后，执行此方法进行验证

            :return:

            """

            value = self.cleaned_data['username']

            if "666" in value:

                raise ValidationError('666已经被玩烂了...', 'invalid')

            return value

方式四：同时生成多个标签进行验证

from django.forms import Form

from django.forms import widgets

from django.forms import fields

from django.core.validators import RegexValidator

############## 自定义字段 ##############

class PhoneField(fields.MultiValueField):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):

        # Define one message for all fields.

        error_messages = {

            'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code and a phone number.',

        }

        # Or define a different message for each field.

        f = (

            fields.CharField(

                error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code.'},

                validators=[

                    RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid country calling code.'),

                ],

            ),

            fields.CharField(

                error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a phone number.'},

                validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid phone number.')],

            ),

            fields.CharField(

                validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.')],

                required=False,

            ),

        )

        super(PhoneField, self).__init__(error_messages=error_messages, fields=f, require_all_fields=False, *args,

                                         **kwargs)

    def compress(self, data_list):

        """

        当用户验证都通过后，该值返回给用户

        :param data_list:

        :return:

        """

        return data_list

############## 自定义插件 ##############

class SplitPhoneWidget(widgets.MultiWidget):

    def __init__(self):

        ws = (

            widgets.TextInput(),

            widgets.TextInput(),

            widgets.TextInput(),

        )

        super(SplitPhoneWidget, self).__init__(ws)

    def decompress(self, value):

        """

        处理初始值，当初始值initial不是列表时，调用该方法

        :param value:

        :return:

        """

        if value:

            return value.split(',')

        return [None, None, None]

初始化数据

在Web应用程序中开发编写功能时，时常用到获取数据库中的数据并将值初始化在HTML中的标签上。

1、Form

from django.forms import Form

from django.forms import widgets

from django.forms import fields

from django.core.validators import RegexValidator

class MyForm(Form):

    user = fields.CharField()

    city = fields.ChoiceField(

        choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),

        widget=widgets.Select

    )

2、Views

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect

from .forms import MyForm

def index(request):

    if request.method == "GET":

        values = {'user': 'root', 'city': 2}

        obj = MyForm(values)

        return render(request, 'index.html', {'form': obj})

    elif request.method == "POST":

        return redirect('http://www.google.com')

    else:

        return redirect('http://www.google.com')

3、HTML

<form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">

    {% csrf_token %}

    <p>{{ form.user }} {{ form.user.errors }}</p>

    <p>{{ form.city }} {{ form.city.errors }}</p>

    <input type="submit"/>

</form>

　　

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