NAME       
       syscall - 间接系统调用

SYNOPSIS       
       #define _GNU_SOURCE        
       #include <unistd.h>
       #include <sys/syscall.h>                 /* For SYS_xxx definitions */

int syscall(int number, ...);

DESCRIPTION    
       syscall() 执行一个系统调用，根据指定的参数number和所有系统调用的汇编语言接口来确定调用哪个系统调用。
       系统调用所使用的符号常量可以在头文件<sys/syscll.h>里面找到

　　Linux中，每个进程有一个pid，类型pid_t，由getpid()取得。Linux下的POSIX线程也有一个id，类型 pthread_t，由pthread_self()取得，该id由线程库维护，其id空间是各个进程独立的（即不同进程中的线程可能有相同的id）。Linux中的POSIX线程库实现的线程其实也是一个进程（LWP），只是该进程与主进程（启动线程的进程）共享一些资源而已，比如代码段，数据段等。
有时候我们可能需要知道线程的真实pid。比如进程P1要向另外一个进程P2中的某个线程发送信号时，既不能使用P2的pid，更不能使用线程的pthread id，而只能使用该线程的真实pid，称为tid。
有一个函数gettid()可以得到tid，但glibc并没有实现该函数，只能通过Linux的系统调用syscall来获取。
 #include <unistd.h>

 #include <sys/syscall.h>

 #include <sys/types.h>

 #include <signal.h>

 #include <stdio.h>

 #include <stdlib.h>

 int

 main(int argc, char *argv[])

 {

      pid_t tid;

      tid = syscall(SYS_gettid);

      printf("tid : %d\n",tid);

      tid = syscall(SYS_tgkill, getpid(), tid, SIGHUP);

      printf("tid : %d ...\n",tid);

 }

头文件如下：

 /* Generated at libc build time from kernel syscall list. */

 #ifndef _SYSCALL_H

 # error "Never use <bits/syscall.h> directly; include <sys/syscall.h> instead."

 #endif

 #include <bits/wordsize.h>

 #define SYS__sysctl __NR__sysctl

 #define SYS_access __NR_access

 #define SYS_acct __NR_acct

 #define SYS_add_key __NR_add_key

 #define SYS_adjtimex __NR_adjtimex

 #define SYS_afs_syscall __NR_afs_syscall

 #define SYS_alarm __NR_alarm

 #define SYS_brk __NR_brk

 #define SYS_capget __NR_capget

 #define SYS_capset __NR_capset

 #define SYS_chdir __NR_chdir

 #define SYS_chmod __NR_chmod

 #define SYS_chown __NR_chown

 #define SYS_chroot __NR_chroot

 #define SYS_clock_getres __NR_clock_getres

 #define SYS_clock_gettime __NR_clock_gettime

 #define SYS_clock_nanosleep __NR_clock_nanosleep

 #define SYS_clock_settime __NR_clock_settime

 #define SYS_clone __NR_clone

 #define SYS_close __NR_close

 #define SYS_creat __NR_creat

 #define SYS_create_module __NR_create_module

 #define SYS_delete_module __NR_delete_module

 #define SYS_dup __NR_dup

 #define SYS_dup2 __NR_dup2

 #define SYS_epoll_create __NR_epoll_create

 #define SYS_epoll_ctl __NR_epoll_ctl

 #define SYS_epoll_wait __NR_epoll_wait

 #define SYS_eventfd __NR_eventfd

 #define SYS_execve __NR_execve

 #define SYS_exit __NR_exit

 #define SYS_exit_group __NR_exit_group

 #define SYS_faccessat __NR_faccessat

 #define SYS_fadvise64 __NR_fadvise64

 #define SYS_fallocate __NR_fallocate

 #define SYS_fchdir __NR_fchdir

 #define SYS_fchmod __NR_fchmod

 #define SYS_fchmodat __NR_fchmodat

 #define SYS_fchown __NR_fchown

 #define SYS_fchownat __NR_fchownat

 #define SYS_fcntl __NR_fcntl

 #define SYS_fdatasync __NR_fdatasync

 #define SYS_fgetxattr __NR_fgetxattr

 #define SYS_flistxattr __NR_flistxattr

 #define SYS_flock __NR_flock

 #define SYS_fork __NR_fork

 #define SYS_fremovexattr __NR_fremovexattr

 #define SYS_fsetxattr __NR_fsetxattr

 #define SYS_fstat __NR_fstat

 #define SYS_fstatfs __NR_fstatfs

 #define SYS_fsync __NR_fsync

 #define SYS_ftruncate __NR_ftruncate

 #define SYS_futex __NR_futex

 #define SYS_futimesat __NR_futimesat

 #define SYS_get_kernel_syms __NR_get_kernel_syms

 #define SYS_get_mempolicy __NR_get_mempolicy

 #define SYS_get_robust_list __NR_get_robust_list

 #define SYS_get_thread_area __NR_get_thread_area

 #define SYS_getcwd __NR_getcwd

 #define SYS_getdents __NR_getdents

 #define SYS_getdents64 __NR_getdents64

 #define SYS_getegid __NR_getegid

 #define SYS_geteuid __NR_geteuid

 #define SYS_getgid __NR_getgid

 #define SYS_getgroups __NR_getgroups

 #define SYS_getitimer __NR_getitimer

 #define SYS_getpgid __NR_getpgid

 #define SYS_getpgrp __NR_getpgrp

 #define SYS_getpid __NR_getpid

 #define SYS_getpmsg __NR_getpmsg

 #define SYS_getppid __NR_getppid

 #define SYS_getpriority __NR_getpriority

 #define SYS_getresgid __NR_getresgid

 #define SYS_getresuid __NR_getresuid

 #define SYS_getrlimit __NR_getrlimit

 #define SYS_getrusage __NR_getrusage

 #define SYS_getsid __NR_getsid

 #define SYS_gettid __NR_gettid

 #define SYS_gettimeofday __NR_gettimeofday

 #define SYS_getuid __NR_getuid

 #define SYS_getxattr __NR_getxattr

 #define SYS_init_module __NR_init_module

 #define SYS_inotify_add_watch __NR_inotify_add_watch

 #define SYS_inotify_init __NR_inotify_init

 #define SYS_inotify_rm_watch __NR_inotify_rm_watch

 #define SYS_io_cancel __NR_io_cancel

 #define SYS_io_destroy __NR_io_destroy

 #define SYS_io_getevents __NR_io_getevents

 #define SYS_io_setup __NR_io_setup

 #define SYS_io_submit __NR_io_submit

 #define SYS_ioctl __NR_ioctl

 #define SYS_ioperm __NR_ioperm

 #define SYS_iopl __NR_iopl

 #define SYS_ioprio_get __NR_ioprio_get

 #define SYS_ioprio_set __NR_ioprio_set

 #define SYS_kexec_load __NR_kexec_load

 #define SYS_keyctl __NR_keyctl

 #define SYS_kill __NR_kill

 #define SYS_lchown __NR_lchown

 #define SYS_lgetxattr __NR_lgetxattr

 #define SYS_link __NR_link

 #define SYS_linkat __NR_linkat

 #define SYS_listxattr __NR_listxattr

 #define SYS_llistxattr __NR_llistxattr

 #define SYS_lookup_dcookie __NR_lookup_dcookie

 #define SYS_lremovexattr __NR_lremovexattr

 #define SYS_lseek __NR_lseek

 #define SYS_lsetxattr __NR_lsetxattr

 #define SYS_lstat __NR_lstat

 #define SYS_madvise __NR_madvise

 #define SYS_mbind __NR_mbind

 #define SYS_migrate_pages __NR_migrate_pages

 #define SYS_mincore __NR_mincore

 #define SYS_mkdir __NR_mkdir

 #define SYS_mkdirat __NR_mkdirat

 #define SYS_mknod __NR_mknod

 #define SYS_mknodat __NR_mknodat

 #define SYS_mlock __NR_mlock

 #define SYS_mlockall __NR_mlockall

 #define SYS_mmap __NR_mmap

 #define SYS_modify_ldt __NR_modify_ldt

 #define SYS_mount __NR_mount

 #define SYS_move_pages __NR_move_pages

 #define SYS_mprotect __NR_mprotect

 #define SYS_mq_getsetattr __NR_mq_getsetattr

 #define SYS_mq_notify __NR_mq_notify

 #define SYS_mq_open __NR_mq_open

 #define SYS_mq_timedreceive __NR_mq_timedreceive

 #define SYS_mq_timedsend __NR_mq_timedsend

 #define SYS_mq_unlink __NR_mq_unlink

 #define SYS_mremap __NR_mremap

 #define SYS_msync __NR_msync

 #define SYS_munlock __NR_munlock

 #define SYS_munlockall __NR_munlockall

 #define SYS_munmap __NR_munmap

 #define SYS_nanosleep __NR_nanosleep

 #define SYS_nfsservctl __NR_nfsservctl

 #define SYS_open __NR_open

 #define SYS_openat __NR_openat

 #define SYS_pause __NR_pause

 #define SYS_personality __NR_personality

 #define SYS_pipe __NR_pipe

 #define SYS_pivot_root __NR_pivot_root

 #define SYS_poll __NR_poll

 #define SYS_ppoll __NR_ppoll

 #define SYS_prctl __NR_prctl

 #define SYS_pread64 __NR_pread64

 #define SYS_pselect6 __NR_pselect6

 #define SYS_ptrace __NR_ptrace

 #define SYS_putpmsg __NR_putpmsg

 #define SYS_pwrite64 __NR_pwrite64

 #define SYS_query_module __NR_query_module

 #define SYS_quotactl __NR_quotactl

 #define SYS_read __NR_read

 #define SYS_readahead __NR_readahead

 #define SYS_readlink __NR_readlink

 #define SYS_readlinkat __NR_readlinkat

 #define SYS_readv __NR_readv

 #define SYS_reboot __NR_reboot

 #define SYS_remap_file_pages __NR_remap_file_pages

 #define SYS_removexattr __NR_removexattr

 #define SYS_rename __NR_rename

 #define SYS_renameat __NR_renameat

 #define SYS_request_key __NR_request_key

 #define SYS_restart_syscall __NR_restart_syscall

 #define SYS_rmdir __NR_rmdir

 #define SYS_rt_sigaction __NR_rt_sigaction

 #define SYS_rt_sigpending __NR_rt_sigpending

 #define SYS_rt_sigprocmask __NR_rt_sigprocmask

 #define SYS_rt_sigqueueinfo __NR_rt_sigqueueinfo

 #define SYS_rt_sigreturn __NR_rt_sigreturn

 #define SYS_rt_sigsuspend __NR_rt_sigsuspend

 #define SYS_rt_sigtimedwait __NR_rt_sigtimedwait

 #define SYS_sched_get_priority_max __NR_sched_get_priority_max

 #define SYS_sched_get_priority_min __NR_sched_get_priority_min

 #define SYS_sched_getaffinity __NR_sched_getaffinity

 #define SYS_sched_getparam __NR_sched_getparam

 #define SYS_sched_getscheduler __NR_sched_getscheduler

 #define SYS_sched_rr_get_interval __NR_sched_rr_get_interval

 #define SYS_sched_setaffinity __NR_sched_setaffinity

 #define SYS_sched_setparam __NR_sched_setparam

 #define SYS_sched_setscheduler __NR_sched_setscheduler

 #define SYS_sched_yield __NR_sched_yield

 #define SYS_select __NR_select

 #define SYS_sendfile __NR_sendfile

 #define SYS_set_mempolicy __NR_set_mempolicy

 #define SYS_set_robust_list __NR_set_robust_list

 #define SYS_set_thread_area __NR_set_thread_area

 #define SYS_set_tid_address __NR_set_tid_address

 #define SYS_setdomainname __NR_setdomainname

 #define SYS_setfsgid __NR_setfsgid

 #define SYS_setfsuid __NR_setfsuid

 #define SYS_setgid __NR_setgid

 #define SYS_setgroups __NR_setgroups

 #define SYS_sethostname __NR_sethostname

 #define SYS_setitimer __NR_setitimer

 #define SYS_setpgid __NR_setpgid

 #define SYS_setpriority __NR_setpriority

 #define SYS_setregid __NR_setregid

 #define SYS_setresgid __NR_setresgid

 #define SYS_setresuid __NR_setresuid

 #define SYS_setreuid __NR_setreuid

 #define SYS_setrlimit __NR_setrlimit

 #define SYS_setsid __NR_setsid

 #define SYS_settimeofday __NR_settimeofday

 #define SYS_setuid __NR_setuid

 #define SYS_setxattr __NR_setxattr

 #define SYS_sigaltstack __NR_sigaltstack

 #define SYS_splice __NR_splice

 #define SYS_stat __NR_stat

 #define SYS_statfs __NR_statfs

 #define SYS_swapoff __NR_swapoff

 #define SYS_swapon __NR_swapon

 #define SYS_symlink __NR_symlink

 #define SYS_symlinkat __NR_symlinkat

 #define SYS_sync __NR_sync

 #define SYS_sync_file_range __NR_sync_file_range

 #define SYS_sysfs __NR_sysfs

 #define SYS_sysinfo __NR_sysinfo

 #define SYS_syslog __NR_syslog

 #define SYS_tee __NR_tee

 #define SYS_tgkill __NR_tgkill

 #define SYS_time __NR_time

 #define SYS_timer_create __NR_timer_create

 #define SYS_timer_delete __NR_timer_delete

 #define SYS_timer_getoverrun __NR_timer_getoverrun

 #define SYS_timer_gettime __NR_timer_gettime

 #define SYS_timer_settime __NR_timer_settime

 #define SYS_times __NR_times

 #define SYS_tkill __NR_tkill

 #define SYS_truncate __NR_truncate

 #define SYS_umask __NR_umask

 #define SYS_umount2 __NR_umount2

 #define SYS_uname __NR_uname

 #define SYS_unlink __NR_unlink

 #define SYS_unlinkat __NR_unlinkat

 #define SYS_unshare __NR_unshare

 #define SYS_uselib __NR_uselib

 #define SYS_ustat __NR_ustat

 #define SYS_utime __NR_utime

 #define SYS_utimes __NR_utimes

 #define SYS_vfork __NR_vfork

 #define SYS_vhangup __NR_vhangup

 #define SYS_vmsplice __NR_vmsplice

 #define SYS_vserver __NR_vserver

 #define SYS_wait4 __NR_wait4

 #define SYS_waitid __NR_waitid

 #define SYS_write __NR_write

 #define SYS_writev __NR_writev

 #if __WORDSIZE == 64

 #define SYS_accept __NR_accept

 #define SYS_arch_prctl __NR_arch_prctl

 #define SYS_bind __NR_bind

 #define SYS_connect __NR_connect

 #define SYS_epoll_ctl_old __NR_epoll_ctl_old

 #define SYS_epoll_pwait __NR_epoll_pwait

 #define SYS_epoll_wait_old __NR_epoll_wait_old

 #define SYS_getpeername __NR_getpeername

 #define SYS_getsockname __NR_getsockname

 #define SYS_getsockopt __NR_getsockopt

 #define SYS_listen __NR_listen

 #define SYS_msgctl __NR_msgctl

 #define SYS_msgget __NR_msgget

 #define SYS_msgrcv __NR_msgrcv

 #define SYS_msgsnd __NR_msgsnd

 #define SYS_newfstatat __NR_newfstatat

 #define SYS_recvfrom __NR_recvfrom

 #define SYS_recvmsg __NR_recvmsg

 #define SYS_security __NR_security

 #define SYS_semctl __NR_semctl

 #define SYS_semget __NR_semget

 #define SYS_semop __NR_semop

 #define SYS_semtimedop __NR_semtimedop

 #define SYS_sendmsg __NR_sendmsg

 #define SYS_sendto __NR_sendto

 #define SYS_setsockopt __NR_setsockopt

 #define SYS_shmat __NR_shmat

 #define SYS_shmctl __NR_shmctl

 #define SYS_shmdt __NR_shmdt

 #define SYS_shmget __NR_shmget

 #define SYS_shutdown __NR_shutdown

 #define SYS_signalfd __NR_signalfd

 #define SYS_socket __NR_socket

 #define SYS_socketpair __NR_socketpair

 #define SYS_timerfd_create __NR_timerfd_create

 #define SYS_tuxcall __NR_tuxcall

 #define SYS_utimensat __NR_utimensat

 #else

 #define SYS__llseek __NR__llseek

 #define SYS__newselect __NR__newselect

 #define SYS_bdflush __NR_bdflush

 #define SYS_break __NR_break

 #define SYS_chown32 __NR_chown32

 #define SYS_fadvise64_64 __NR_fadvise64_64

 #define SYS_fchown32 __NR_fchown32

 #define SYS_fcntl64 __NR_fcntl64

 #define SYS_fstat64 __NR_fstat64

 #define SYS_fstatat64 __NR_fstatat64

 #define SYS_fstatfs64 __NR_fstatfs64

 #define SYS_ftime __NR_ftime

 #define SYS_ftruncate64 __NR_ftruncate64

 #define SYS_getcpu __NR_getcpu

 #define SYS_getegid32 __NR_getegid32

 #define SYS_geteuid32 __NR_geteuid32

 #define SYS_getgid32 __NR_getgid32

 #define SYS_getgroups32 __NR_getgroups32

 #define SYS_getresgid32 __NR_getresgid32

 #define SYS_getresuid32 __NR_getresuid32

 #define SYS_getuid32 __NR_getuid32

 #define SYS_gtty __NR_gtty

 #define SYS_idle __NR_idle

 #define SYS_ipc __NR_ipc

 #define SYS_lchown32 __NR_lchown32

 #define SYS_lock __NR_lock

 #define SYS_lstat64 __NR_lstat64

 #define SYS_madvise1 __NR_madvise1

 #define SYS_mmap2 __NR_mmap2

 #define SYS_mpx __NR_mpx

 #define SYS_nice __NR_nice

 #define SYS_oldfstat __NR_oldfstat

 #define SYS_oldlstat __NR_oldlstat

 #define SYS_oldolduname __NR_oldolduname

 #define SYS_oldstat __NR_oldstat

 #define SYS_olduname __NR_olduname

 #define SYS_prof __NR_prof

 #define SYS_profil __NR_profil

 #define SYS_readdir __NR_readdir

 #define SYS_sendfile64 __NR_sendfile64

 #define SYS_setfsgid32 __NR_setfsgid32

 #define SYS_setfsuid32 __NR_setfsuid32

 #define SYS_setgid32 __NR_setgid32

 #define SYS_setgroups32 __NR_setgroups32

 #define SYS_setregid32 __NR_setregid32

 #define SYS_setresgid32 __NR_setresgid32

 #define SYS_setresuid32 __NR_setresuid32

 #define SYS_setreuid32 __NR_setreuid32

 #define SYS_setuid32 __NR_setuid32

 #define SYS_sgetmask __NR_sgetmask

 #define SYS_sigaction __NR_sigaction

 #define SYS_signal __NR_signal

 #define SYS_sigpending __NR_sigpending

 #define SYS_sigprocmask __NR_sigprocmask

 #define SYS_sigreturn __NR_sigreturn

 #define SYS_sigsuspend __NR_sigsuspend

 #define SYS_socketcall __NR_socketcall

 #define SYS_ssetmask __NR_ssetmask

 #define SYS_stat64 __NR_stat64

 #define SYS_statfs64 __NR_statfs64

 #define SYS_stime __NR_stime

 #define SYS_stty __NR_stty

 #define SYS_truncate64 __NR_truncate64

 #define SYS_ugetrlimit __NR_ugetrlimit

 #define SYS_ulimit __NR_ulimit

 #define SYS_umount __NR_umount

 #define SYS_vm86 __NR_vm86

 #define SYS_vm86old __NR_vm86old

 #define SYS_waitpid __NR_waitpid

 #endif

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