【Elasticsearch学习之二】Elasticsearch Rest风格操作
环境
虚拟机:VMware 10
Linux版本:CentOS-6.5-x86_64
客户端:Xshell4
FTP:Xftp4
jdk8
elasticsearch-2.2.0
一、Rest简介
Representational State Transfer
一种软件架构风格,而不是标准,只是提供了一组设计原则和约束条件。它主要用于客户端和服务器交互类的软件。基于这个风格设计的软件可以更简洁,更有层次,更易于实现缓存等机制。
REST的操作分为以下几种
GET:获取对象的当前状态;
PUT:改变对象的状态;
POST:创建对象;
DELETE:删除对象;
HEAD:获取头信息。
ES内置的REST接口
二、curl-rest命令
curl属于linux命令,可以在命令行下访问url的一个工具,利用URL语法在命令行方式下工作的开源文件传输工具,使用curl可以简单实现常见的get/post请求
curl
-X 指定http请求的方法
HEAD GET POST PUT DELETE
-d 指定要传输的数据
1、创建索引库:wjy
[cluster@PCS101 bin]$ curl -XPUT http://196.168.123.101:9200/wjy/
{"acknowledged":true}
[cluster@PCS101 bin]$
2、创建类型(表):employee,插入一行记录,即文档document
#POST不指定ID 会自动生成ID;指定ID,会根据ID,如果存在该ID会更新,不存在就创建
[cluster@PCS101 bin]$ curl -XPOST http://196.168.123.101:9200/wjy/employee -d '
> {
> "first_name" : "bin",
> "age" : ,
> "about" : "I love to go rock climbing",
> "interests": [ "sports", "music" ]
> }'
{"_index":"wjy","_type":"employee","_id":"AWlv8cAl4hD4em0kzO4U","_version":,"_shards":{"total":,"successful":,"failed":},"created":true}
索引库 类型 编号 版本 分片 是否创建成功
#PUT方式 后面必须指定ID编码,如果重复添加相同编码数据 会失败
[cluster@PCS101 bin]$ curl -XPUT http://196.168.123.101:9200/wjy/employee/ -d '
> {
> "first_name" : "god bin",
> "last_name" : "pang",
> "age" : ,
> "about" : "I love to go rock climbing",
> "interests": [ "sports", "music" ]
> }'
{"_index":"wjy","_type":"employee","_id":"","_version":,"_shards":{"total":,"successful":,"failed":},"created":true}
3、增加field:sex
[cluster@PCS101 bin]$ curl -XPOST http://196.168.123.101:9200/wjy/employee -d '
> {
> "first_name" : "pablo2",
> "age" : ,
> "about" : "I love to go rock climbing",
> "interests": [ "sports", "music" ],
> "sex": "man"
> }'
{"_index":"wjy","_type":"employee","_id":"AWlv-tng4hD4em0kzO4W","_version":,"_shards":{"total":,"successful":,"failed":},"created":true}
4、获取数据 GET
(1)根据document的id来获取数据:pretty参数就是用json格式化的方式展示
[cluster@PCS101 bin]$ curl -XGET http://196.168.123.101:9200/wjy/employee/1?pretty
{
"_index" : "wjy",
"_type" : "employee",
"_id" : "",
"_version" : ,
"found" : true,
"_source" : {
"first_name" : "god bin",
"last_name" : "pang",
"age" : ,
"about" : "I love to go rock climbing",
"interests" : [ "sports", "music" ]
}
}
对比:
[cluster@PCS101 bin]$ curl -XGET http://196.168.123.101:9200/wjy/employee/1
{"_index":"wjy","_type":"employee","_id":"","_version":,"found":true,"_source":
{
"first_name" : "god bin",
"last_name" : "pang",
"age" : ,
"about" : "I love to go rock climbing",
"interests": [ "sports", "music" ]
}}
(2)根据field来查询数据:_search根据索引查找
[cluster@PCS101 bin]$ curl -XGET http://196.168.123.101:9200/wjy/employee/_search?q=first_name="bin"
{"took":,"timed_out":false,"_shards":{"total":,"successful":,"failed":},"hits":{"total":,"max_score":0.014065012,"hits":[{"_index":"wjy","_type":"employee","_id":"AWlv8cAl4hD4em0kzO4U","_score":0.014065012,"_source":
{
"first_name" : "bin",
"age" : ,
"about" : "I love to go rock climbing",
"interests": [ "sports", "music" ]
}},{"_index":"wjy","_type":"employee","_id":"AWlv91mF4hD4em0kzO4V","_score":0.01125201,"_source":
{
"first_name" : "gob bin",
"age" : ,
"about" : "I love to go rock climbing",
"interests": [ "sports", "music" ]
}},{"_index":"wjy","_type":"employee","_id":"","_score":0.01125201,"_source":
{
"first_name" : "god bin",
"last_name" : "pang",
"age" : ,
"about" : "I love to go rock climbing",
"interests": [ "sports", "music" ]
}}]}}
(3)根据field来查询数据,参数封装起来传进去:match 匹配
[cluster@PCS101 bin]$ curl -XGET http://196.168.123.101:9200/wjy/employee/_search?pretty -d '
> {
> "query":
> {"match":
> {"first_name":"bin"}
> }
> }'
{
"took" : ,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : ,
"successful" : ,
"failed" :
},
"hits" : {
"total" : ,
"max_score" : 0.30685282,
"hits" : [ {
"_index" : "wjy",
"_type" : "employee",
"_id" : "AWlv8cAl4hD4em0kzO4U",
"_score" : 0.30685282,
"_source" : {
"first_name" : "bin",
"age" : ,
"about" : "I love to go rock climbing",
"interests" : [ "sports", "music" ]
}
}, {
"_index" : "wjy",
"_type" : "employee",
"_id" : "AWlv91mF4hD4em0kzO4V",
"_score" : 0.19178301,
"_source" : {
"first_name" : "gob bin",
"age" : ,
"about" : "I love to go rock climbing",
"interests" : [ "sports", "music" ]
}
}, {
"_index" : "wjy",
"_type" : "employee",
"_id" : "",
"_score" : 0.19178301,
"_source" : {
"first_name" : "god bin",
"last_name" : "pang",
"age" : ,
"about" : "I love to go rock climbing",
"interests" : [ "sports", "music" ]
}
} ]
}
}
#对多个field发起查询:multi_match
[cluster@PCS101 bin]$ curl -XGET http://196.168.123.101:9200/wjy/employee/_search?pretty -d '
> {
> "query":
> {"multi_match":
> {
> "query":"bin",
> "fields":["last_name","first_name"],
> "operator":"and"
> }
> }
> }'
{
"took" : ,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : ,
"successful" : ,
"failed" :
},
"hits" : {
"total" : ,
"max_score" : 0.09415865,
"hits" : [ {
"_index" : "wjy",
"_type" : "employee",
"_id" : "AWlv8cAl4hD4em0kzO4U",
"_score" : 0.09415865,
"_source" : {
"first_name" : "bin",
"age" : ,
"about" : "I love to go rock climbing",
"interests" : [ "sports", "music" ]
}
}, {
"_index" : "wjy",
"_type" : "employee",
"_id" : "AWlv91mF4hD4em0kzO4V",
"_score" : 0.058849156,
"_source" : {
"first_name" : "gob bin",
"age" : ,
"about" : "I love to go rock climbing",
"interests" : [ "sports", "music" ]
}
}, {
"_index" : "wjy",
"_type" : "employee",
"_id" : "",
"_score" : 0.058849156,
"_source" : {
"first_name" : "god bin",
"last_name" : "pang",
"age" : ,
"about" : "I love to go rock climbing",
"interests" : [ "sports", "music" ]
}
} ]
}
}
(4)多个term对多个field发起查询:bool(boolean),组合查询,must,must_not,should
#must + must : 交集
[cluster@PCS101 bin]$ curl -XGET http://196.168.123.101:9200/wjy/employee/_search?pretty -d '
> {
> "query":
> {"bool" :
> {
> "must" :
> {"match":
> {"first_name":"bin"}
> },
> "must" :
> {"match":
> {"age":}
> }
> }
> }
> }'
{
"took" : ,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : ,
"successful" : ,
"failed" :
},
"hits" : {
"total" : ,
"max_score" : 0.4339554,
"hits" : [ {
"_index" : "wjy",
"_type" : "employee",
"_id" : "AWlv8cAl4hD4em0kzO4U",
"_score" : 0.4339554,
"_source" : {
"first_name" : "bin",
"age" : ,
"about" : "I love to go rock climbing",
"interests" : [ "sports", "music" ]
}
} ]
}
}
#must +must_not :差集
[cluster@PCS101 bin]$ curl -XGET http://196.168.123.101:9200/wjy/employee/_search?pretty -d '
> {
> "query":
> {"bool" :
> {
> "must" :
> {"match":
> {"first_name":"bin"}
> },
> "must_not" :
> {"match":
> {"age":}
> }
> }
> }
> }'
{
"took" : ,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : ,
"successful" : ,
"failed" :
},
"hits" : {
"total" : ,
"max_score" : 0.19178301,
"hits" : [ {
"_index" : "wjy",
"_type" : "employee",
"_id" : "AWlv91mF4hD4em0kzO4V",
"_score" : 0.19178301,
"_source" : {
"first_name" : "gob bin",
"age" : ,
"about" : "I love to go rock climbing",
"interests" : [ "sports", "music" ]
}
}, {
"_index" : "wjy",
"_type" : "employee",
"_id" : "",
"_score" : 0.19178301,
"_source" : {
"first_name" : "god bin",
"last_name" : "pang",
"age" : ,
"about" : "I love to go rock climbing",
"interests" : [ "sports", "music" ]
}
} ]
}
}
#must+must_not 查询first_name=bin的,或者年龄在20岁到33岁之间的
[cluster@PCS101 bin]$ curl -XGET http://196.168.123.101:9200/wjy/employee/_search?pretty -d '
> {
> "query":
> {"bool" :
> {
> "must" :
> {"term" :
> { "first_name" : "bin" }
> }
> ,
> "must_not" :
> {"range":
> {"age" : { "from" : , "to" : }
> }
> }
> }
> }
> }'
{
"took" : ,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : ,
"successful" : ,
"failed" :
},
"hits" : {
"total" : ,
"max_score" : 0.19178301,
"hits" : [ {
"_index" : "wjy",
"_type" : "employee",
"_id" : "AWlv91mF4hD4em0kzO4V",
"_score" : 0.19178301,
"_source" : {
"first_name" : "gob bin",
"age" : ,
"about" : "I love to go rock climbing",
"interests" : [ "sports", "music" ]
}
}, {
"_index" : "wjy",
"_type" : "employee",
"_id" : "",
"_score" : 0.19178301,
"_source" : {
"first_name" : "god bin",
"last_name" : "pang",
"age" : ,
"about" : "I love to go rock climbing",
"interests" : [ "sports", "music" ]
}
} ]
}
}
#must_not+must_not : 并集
[cluster@PCS101 bin]$ curl -XGET http://196.168.123.101:9200/wjy/employee/_search?pretty -d '
> {
> "query":
> {"bool" :
> {
> "must_not" :
> {"match":
> {"first_name":"bin"}
> },
> "must_not" :
> {"match":
> {"age":}
> }
> }
> }
> }'
{
"took" : ,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : ,
"successful" : ,
"failed" :
},
"hits" : {
"total" : ,
"max_score" : null,
"hits" : [ ]
}
}
(5)删除
curl -XDELETE http://196.168.123.101:9200/test2/
(6)设置
#设置备份数
curl -XPUT 'http://196.168.123.101:9200/test2/' -d'{"settings":{"number_of_replicas":2}}' #设置分片数 备份数
curl -XPUT 'http://196.168.123.101:9200/test3/' -d'{"settings":{"number_of_shards":3,"number_of_replicas":3}}'
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