除了binlog2sql工具外，使用python脚本闪回数据（数据库误操作）

利用binlog日志恢复数据库误操作数据

在人工手动进行一些数据库写操作的时候（比方说数据修改），尤其是一些不可控的批量更新或删除，通常都建议备份后操作。不过不怕万一，就怕一万，有备无患总是好的。在线上或者测试环境误操作导致数据被删除或者更新后，想要恢复，一般有两种方法。

方法一、利用最近的全量备份+增量binlog备份，恢复到误操作之前的状态，但是随着数据量的增大，binlog的增多，恢复起来很费时。
方法二、如果binlog的格式为row，那么就可以将binlog解析出来生成反向的原始SQL

以下是利用方法二写的一个python脚本binlog_rollback.py，可利用此脚本生成反向的原始SQL。

说明：

0、前提是binlog的格式为row
1、要恢复的表操作前后表结构没有发生变更，否则脚本无法解析
2、只生成DML(insert/update/delete)的rollback语句
3、最终生成的SQL是逆序的，所以最新的DML会生成在输入文件的最前面，并且带上了时间戳和偏移点，方便查找目标
4、需要提供一个连接MySQL的只读用户，主要是为了获取表结构
5、如果binlog过大，建议带上时间范围，也可以指定只恢复某个库的SQL
6、SQL生成后，请务必在测试环境上测试恢复后再应用到线上

（问题：原有主从Mysql服务器两台，主mysql的binlog日志格式不是row，修改主Mysql的binlog日志格式为row后，从Mysql不变，主从还能实现同步吗？  答：能）

数据库配置：

[mysqld]

server_id = 1
log_bin = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.log
max_binlog_size = 100M
binlog_format = row
binlog_row_image = full

脚本代码：

创建py脚本文件binlog_rollback.py如下

#!/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf- -*-

import os,sys,re,getopt
import MySQLdb

host = '127.0.0.1'
user = ''
password = ''
port =
start_datetime = '1971-01-01 00:00:00'
stop_datetime = '2037-01-01 00:00:00'
start_position = ''
stop_position = ''
database = ''
mysqlbinlog_bin = 'mysqlbinlog -v'
binlog = ''
fileContent = ''
output='rollback.sql'
only_primary = 

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 功能:获取参数,生成相应的binlog解析文件
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def getopts_parse_binlog():
    global host
    global user
    global password
    global port
    global fileContent
    global output
    global binlog
    global start_datetime
    global stop_datetime
    global start_position
    global stop_position
    global database
    global only_primary
    try:
        options, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[:], "f:o:h:u:p:P:d:", ["help","binlog=","output=","host=","user=","password=","port=","start-datetime=", \
                                                                      "stop-datetime=","start-position=","stop-position=","database=","only-primary="])
    except getopt.GetoptError:
        print "参数输入有误!!!!!"
        options = []
    if options == [] or options[][] in ("--help"):
        usage()
        sys.exit()
    print "正在获取参数....."
    for name, value in options:
        if name == "-f" or name == "--binlog":
            binlog = value
        if name == "-o" or name == "--output":
            output = value
        if name == "-h" or name == "--host":
            host = value
        if name == "-u" or name == "--user":
            user = value
        if name == "-p" or name == "--password":
            password = value
        if name == "-P" or name == "--port":
            port = value
        if name == "--start-datetime":
            start_datetime = value
        if name == "--stop-datetime":
            stop_datetime = value
        if name == "--start-position":
            start_position = value
        if name == "--stop-position":
            stop_position = value
        if name == "-d" or name == "--database":
            database = value
        if name == "--only-primary" :
            only_primary = value

    if binlog == '' :
        print "错误:请指定binlog文件名!"
        usage()
    if user == '' :
        print "错误:请指定用户名!"
        usage()
    if password == '' :
        print "错误:请指定密码!"
        usage()
    if database <> '' :
       condition_database = "--database=" + "'" + database + "'"
    else:
        condition_database = ''
    print "正在解析binlog....."
    fileContent=os.popen("%s %s  --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS --start-datetime='%s' --stop-datetime='%s' --start-position='%s' --stop-position='%s' %s\
                   |grep '###' -B |sed -e 's/### //g' -e 's/^INSERT/##INSERT/g' -e 's/^UPDATE/##UPDATE/g' -e 's/^DELETE/##DELETE/g' " \
                   %(mysqlbinlog_bin,binlog,start_datetime,stop_datetime,start_position,stop_position,condition_database)).read()
    #print fileContent

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 功能:初始化binlog里的所有表名和列名,用全局字典result_dict来储存每个表有哪些列
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def init_col_name():
    global result_dict
    global pri_dict
    global fileContent
    result_dict = {}
    pri_dict = {}
    table_list = re.findall('`.*`\\.`.*`',fileContent)
    table_list = list(set(table_list))
    #table_list 为所有在这段binlog里出现过的表
    print "正在初始化列名....."
    for table in table_list:
        sname = table.split('.')[].replace('`','')
        tname = table.split('.')[].replace('`','')
        #连接数据库获取列和列id
        try:
            conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=host,user=user,passwd=password,port=int(port))
            cursor = conn.cursor()
            cursor.execute("select ordinal_position,column_name \
                                                       from information_schema.columns \
                                                       where table_schema='%s' and table_name='%s' " %(sname,tname))

            result=cursor.fetchall()
            if result == () :
                print 'Warning:'+sname+'.'+tname+'已删除'
                #sys.exit()
            result_dict[sname+'.'+tname]=result
            cursor.execute("select ordinal_position,column_name   \
                               from information_schema.columns \
                               where table_schema='%s' and table_name='%s' and column_key='PRI' " %(sname,tname))
            pri=cursor.fetchall()
            #print pri
            pri_dict[sname+'.'+tname]=pri
            cursor.close()
            conn.close()
        except MySQLdb.Error, e:
            try:
                print "Error %d:%s" % (e.args[], e.args[])
            except IndexError:
                print "MySQL Error:%s" % str(e)

            sys.exit()
    #print result_dict
    #print pri_dict

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 功能:拼凑回滚sql,逆序
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def gen_rollback_sql():
    global only_primary
    fileOutput = open(output, 'w')
    #先将文件根据'--'分块,每块代表一个sql
    area_list=fileContent.split('--\n')
    #逆序读取分块
    print "正在开始拼凑sql....."
    for area in area_list[::-]:
        #由于一条sql可能影响多行,每个sql又可以分成多个逐条执行的sql
        sql_list = area.split('##')
        #先将pos点和timestamp传入输出文件中
        for sql_head in sql_list[].splitlines():
            sql_head = '#'+sql_head+'\n'
            fileOutput.write(sql_head)
        #逐条sql进行替换更新,逆序
        for sql in sql_list[::-][:-]:
            try:
                if sql.split()[] == 'INSERT':
                    rollback_sql = re.sub('^INSERT INTO', 'DELETE FROM', sql, )
                    rollback_sql = re.sub('SET\n', 'WHERE\n', rollback_sql, )
                    tablename_pos =
                    table_name = rollback_sql.split()[tablename_pos].replace('`', '')
                    # 获取该sql中的所有列
                    col_list = sorted(list(set(re.findall('@\d+', rollback_sql))))
                    # 因为第一个列前面没有逗号或者and,所以单独替换
                    rollback_sql = rollback_sql.replace('@1=', result_dict[table_name][][]+'=')
                    for col in col_list[:]:
                        i = int(col[:]) -
                        rollback_sql = rollback_sql.replace(col+'=', 'AND ' + result_dict[table_name][i][]+'=',)
                    # 如果only_primary开启且存在主键,where条件里就只列出主键字段
                    if int(only_primary) ==  and pri_dict[table_name] <> ():
                        sub_where = ''
                        for primary in pri_dict[table_name]:
                            primary_name = primary[]
                            for condition in rollback_sql.split('WHERE', )[].splitlines():
                                if re.compile('^\s*'+primary_name).match(condition) or re.compile('^\s*AND\s*'+primary_name).match(condition):
                                    sub_where = sub_where + condition + '\n'
                        sub_where = re.sub('^\s*AND', '', sub_where, )
                        rollback_sql = rollback_sql.split('WHERE', )[] + 'WHERE\n' + sub_where
                if sql.split()[] == 'UPDATE':
                    rollback_sql = re.sub('SET\n', '#SET#\n', sql, )
                    rollback_sql = re.sub('WHERE\n', 'SET\n', rollback_sql, )
                    rollback_sql = re.sub('#SET#\n', 'WHERE\n', rollback_sql, )
                    tablename_pos =
                    table_name = rollback_sql.split()[tablename_pos].replace('`', '')
                    # 获取该sql中的所有列
                    col_list = sorted(list(set(re.findall('@\d+', rollback_sql))))
                    # 因为第一个列前面没有逗号或者and,所以单独替换
                    rollback_sql = rollback_sql.replace('@1=', result_dict[table_name][][] + '=')
                    for col in col_list[:]:
                        i = int(col[:]) -
                        rollback_sql = rollback_sql.replace(col+'=', ',' + result_dict[table_name][i][]+'=', ).replace(col+'=','AND ' +result_dict[table_name][i][]+'=')
                    # 如果only_primary开启且存在主键,where条件里就只列出主键字段
                    if int(only_primary) ==  and pri_dict[table_name] <> ():
                        sub_where = ''
                        for primary in pri_dict[table_name]:
                            primary_name = primary[]
                            for condition in rollback_sql.split('WHERE', )[].splitlines():
                                if re.compile('^\s*' + primary_name).match(condition) or re.compile('^\s*AND\s*'+primary_name).match(condition):
                                    sub_where = sub_where + condition + '\n'
                        sub_where = re.sub('^\s*AND', '', sub_where, )
                        rollback_sql = rollback_sql.split('WHERE', )[] + 'WHERE\n' + sub_where

                if sql.split()[] == 'DELETE':
                    rollback_sql = re.sub('^DELETE FROM', 'INSERT INTO', sql, )
                    rollback_sql = re.sub('WHERE\n', 'SET\n', rollback_sql, )
                    tablename_pos =
                    table_name = rollback_sql.split()[tablename_pos].replace('`', '')
                    # 获取该sql中的所有列
                    col_list = sorted(list(set(re.findall('@\d+', rollback_sql))))
                    # 因为第一个列前面没有逗号或者and,所以单独替换
                    rollback_sql = rollback_sql.replace('@1=', result_dict[table_name][][] + '=')
                    for col in col_list[:]:
                        i = int(col[:]) -
                        rollback_sql = rollback_sql.replace(col+'=', ',' + result_dict[table_name][i][]+'=',)

                rollback_sql = re.sub('\n$',';\n',rollback_sql)
                #print rollback_sql
                fileOutput.write(rollback_sql)
            except IndexError,e:
                print "Error:%s" % str(e)
                sys.exit()
    print "done!"

def usage():
    help_info="""==========================================================================================
Command line options :
    --help                  # OUT : print help info
    -f, --binlog            # IN  : binlog file. (required)
    -o, --outfile           # OUT : output rollback sql file. (default 'rollback.sql')
    -h, --host              # IN  : host. (default '127.0.0.1')
    -u, --user              # IN  : user. (required)
    -p, --password          # IN  : password. (required)
    -P, --port              # IN  : port. (default )
    --start-datetime        # IN  : start datetime. (default '1970-01-01 00:00:00')
    --stop-datetime         # IN  : stop datetime. default '2070-01-01 00:00:00'
    --start-position        # IN  : start position. (default '')
    --stop-position         # IN  : stop position. (default '')
    -d, --database          # IN  : List entries for just this database (No default value).
    --only-primary          # IN  : Only list primary key in where condition (default )

Sample :
   shell> python binlog_rollback.py -f 'mysql-bin.000001' -o '/tmp/rollback.sql' -h 192.168.0.1 -u 'user' -p 'pwd' -P  -d dbname
=========================================================================================="""

    print help_info
    sys.exit()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    getopts_parse_binlog()
    init_col_name()
    gen_rollback_sql()

实例：

mysql> grant select on *.* to 'jeck'@'localhost' identified by '';
Query OK,  rows affected (0.09 sec)

mysql> create database t2;
Query OK,  row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> use t2;
Database changed
mysql> create table test(
    -> id int() not null auto_increment,
    -> gender enum('male','woman'),
    -> hobby varchar() default null,
    -> primary key(id)
    -> );
Query OK,  rows affected (0.64 sec)

mysql> desc test;
+--------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field  | Type                 | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+--------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id     | int()              | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| gender | enum('male','woman') | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| hobby  | varchar()          | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+--------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
 rows in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> alter table test add name varchar() after id;
Query OK,  rows affected (0.58 sec)
Records:   Duplicates:   Warnings: 

mysql> insert into test values
    -> (,'tom','male','movie'),
    -> (,'Nancy','woman','dance'),
    -> (,'jeck','male','basketball'),
    -> (,'danny','male','game');
Query OK,  rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records:   Duplicates:   Warnings: 

mysql> select * from test;
+----+-------+--------+------------+
| id | name  | gender | hobby      |
+----+-------+--------+------------+
|   | tom   | male   | movie      |
|   | Nancy | woman  | dance      |
|   | jeck  | male   | basketball |
|   | danny | male   | game       |
+----+-------+--------+------------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)

更新数据

mysql> update test set hobby='hike' where name='jeck';
Query OK,  row affected (0.06 sec)
Rows matched:   Changed:   Warnings: 

删除数据

mysql> delete from test where id=;
Query OK,  row affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> select * from test;
+----+-------+--------+-------+
| id | name  | gender | hobby |
+----+-------+--------+-------+
|   | tom   | male   | movie |
|   | Nancy | woman  | dance |
|   | jeck  | male   | hike  |
+----+-------+--------+-------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)

生成方向sql语句文件

[root@A mysql]# python binlog_rollback.py -f /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.  -o rollback.sql -u jeck -p  --start-datetime='2018-03-21 16:37:00'  --stop-datetime='2018-03-21 16:39:00' -d t2
正在获取参数.....
正在解析binlog.....
正在初始化列名.....
正在开始拼凑sql.....
done!

报ImportError: No module named MySQLdb错误时，参考https://www.cnblogs.com/dannylinux/p/9772624.html

数据恢复输出文件 vim rollback.sql

## at
## :: server id   end_log_pos  CRC32 0xd8f72cdb        Delete_rows: table id  flags: STMT_END_F
INSERT INTO `t2`.`test`
SET
  id=
  ,name='danny'
  ,gender=
  ,hobby='game';
## at
## :: server id   end_log_pos  CRC32 0xafd8a964        Update_rows: table id  flags: STMT_END_F
UPDATE `t2`.`test`
SET
  id=
  ,name='jeck'
  ,gender=
  ,hobby='basketball'
WHERE
  id=
  AND name='jeck'
  AND gender=
  AND hobby='hike';

检查语句并恢复

[root@A mysql]# mysql -uroot -p123 -S /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock < rollback.sql

mysql> select * from t2.test;
+----+-------+--------+------------+
| id | name  | gender | hobby      |
+----+-------+--------+------------+
|   | tom   | male   | movie      |
|   | Nancy | woman  | dance      |
|   | jeck  | male   | basketball |
|   | danny | male   | game       |
+----+-------+--------+------------+
 rows in set (0.00 sec)

注意：经测试，如alter table t1 add mo int(10),drop table xxx之类的变化无法生成反向sql

只适用于inset,update,delete语句