CentOS安装Python模块cx

在线安装

$ wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
$ python get-pip.py
$ pip -V　　#查看pip版本

或者将网页中的代码复制到get-pip.py中再执行

离线安装

cx_Oracle 可以到这里下载：http://cx-oracle.sourceforge.net/
旧版本的下载地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/cx-oracle/files/

# 先安装 rpm
$ yum install rpm

# oracle-instantclient-basic-10.2.0.3-1.x86_64.rpm 请到 Oracle 官网下载
rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient-basic-10.2.0.3-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh cx_Oracle-5.1.2-10g-py27-1.x86_64.rpm
# 有这个文件表示安装成功，根据 python 的位置，也可能在其他地方
ls /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cx_Oracle.so

问题 1

import cx_Oracle
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: libclntsh.so.10.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

The problem is that the just installed libraries of the Oracle Instant Client aren’t part of the default library path of your CentOS installation. Either you have to extend the LD_LIBRARY_PATH Bash variable of your current user or you have to add the lib directory of the Instant Client installation to the system-wide library path if all users should be allowed to use the Oracle Instant Client. To do so you have to create a new file, e.g. oracle.conf, in the /etc/ld.so.conf.d directory with the following content:

vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/oracle.conf

添加

/usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.3/client64/lib/

This tells ldconfig to also look for libraries in the lib folder of the Instant Client installation. To update the library cache just call ldconfig without any parameter. This will take a while since ldconfig will re-read every configured library folder and add its content to the library cache. The new oracle.conf file has to be owned by the root user as well as ldconfig has to be called as the root user. Afterwards so should be able to use the cx_Oracle module in your Python shell:

这样做之后，有时仍然出现问题。参照这里的方法，需要de >设置环境变量de>：

方法1：
export PATH
在/etc/profile文件中添加变量，该变量将会对Linux下所有用户有效，并且是“永久的”。

vi /etc/profile

在文件末尾添加

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.3/client64/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

要是刚才的修改马上生效，需要执行以下代码

source /etc/profile

这时再查看系统环境变量，就能看见刚才加的东西已经生效了

echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH

方法2：直接运行export命令定义变量，只对当前shell（BASH）有效（临时的）

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.3/client64/lib

问题 2

import cx_Oracle
ImportError: No module named cx_Oracle

如果安装的 python 64 位，需要把cx_Oracle文件复制到 /usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/ 目录下

cd /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/
cp cx_Oracle.so /usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/cx_Oracle.so
cp cx_Oracle-5.1.2-py2.7.egg-info /usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/cx_Oracle-5.1.2-py2.7.egg-info

如果是 Ubuntu 系统则需要注意

For Debian and derivatives, this sys.path is augmented with directories for packages distributed within the distribution. Local addons go into /usr/local/lib/python/dist-packages, Debian addons install into /usr/{lib,share}/python/dist-packages. /usr/lib/python/site-packages is not used.

cd /usr/lib/python2.7
sudo mv site-packages/cx_Oracle* dist-packages/
sudo rmdir site-packages/
sudo ln -s dist-packages site-packages
sudo ldconfig

Thanks to http://bayo.opadeyi.net/2011/07/setting-up-cxoracle-on-ubuntu-1104.html

SQLAlchemy Oracle 的中文问题

你需要设置 de >NLS_LANGde> 环境变量，否则你读取出来的中文可能是乱码，或者当 insert 的数据有中文时会导致 Unicode 编码错误。

你可以在 Python 代码中这么设置环境变量

# 设置编码，否则：
# 1. Oracle 查询出来的中文是乱码
# 2. 插入数据时有中文，会导致
# UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 1-7: ordinal not in range(128)
os.environ['NLS_LANG'] = 'SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.UTF8'

参考自：https://www.cnblogs.com/restran/p/4787609.html