来了，老弟!__二进制部署kubernetes1.11.7集群

Kubernetes容器集群管理

Kubernetes介绍

Kubernetes是Google在2014年6月开源的一个容器集群管理系统，使用Go语言开发，Kubernetes也叫K8S。
K8S是Google内部一个叫Borg的容器集群管理系统衍生出来的，Borg已经在Google大规模生产运行十年之久。
K8S主要用于自动化部署、扩展和管理容器应用，提供了资源调度、部署管理、服务发现、扩容缩容、监控等一整套功能。
2015年7月，Kubernetes v1.0正式发布。
Kubernetes目标是让部署容器化应用简单高效。
官方网站：www.kubernetes.io

Kubernetes 主要功能

数据卷

Pod中容器之间共享数据，可以使用数据卷。

应用程序健康检查

容器内服务可能进程堵塞无法处理请求，可以设置监控检查策略保证应用健壮性。

复制应用程序实例

控制器维护着Pod副本数量，保证一个Pod或一组同类的Pod数量始终可用。

弹性伸缩

根据设定的指标（CPU利用率）自动缩放Pod副本数。

服务发现

使用环境变量或DNS服务插件保证容器中程序发现Pod入口访问地址。

负载均衡

一组Pod副本分配一个私有的集群IP地址，负载均衡转发请求到后端容器。在集群内部其他Pod可通过这个ClusterIP访问应用。

滚动更新

更新服务不中断，一次更新一个Pod，而不是同时删除整个服务。

服务编排

通过文件描述部署服务，使得应用程序部署变得更高效。

资源监控

Node节点组件集成cAdvisor资源收集工具，可通过Heapster汇总整个集群节点资源数据，然后存储到InfluxDB时序数据库，再由Grafana展示。

提供认证和授权

支持角色访问控制（RBAC）认证授权等策略。

基本对象概念

基本对象：

Pod是最小部署单元，一个Pod有一个或多个容器组成，Pod中容器共享存储和网络，在同一台Docker主机上运行。

Service

Service一个应用服务抽象，定义了Pod逻辑集合和访问这个Pod集合的策略。
Service代理Pod集合对外表现是为一个访问入口，分配一个集群IP地址，来自这个IP的请求将负载均衡转发后端Pod中的容器。
Service通过Lable Selector选择一组Pod提供服务。

Volume

数据卷，共享Pod中容器使用的数据。

Namespace

命名空间将对象逻辑上分配到不同Namespace，可以是不同的项目、用户等区分管理，并设定控制策略，从而实现多租户。
命名空间也称为虚拟集群。

Lable

标签用于区分对象（比如Pod、Service），键/值对存在；每个对象可以有多个标签，通过标签关联对象。

基于基本对象更高层次抽象：

ReplicaSet

下一代Replication Controller。确保任何给定时间指定的Pod副本数量，并提供声明式更新等功能。
RC与RS唯一区别就是lable selector支持不同，RS支持新的基于集合的标签，RC仅支持基于等式的标签。

Deployment

Deployment是一个更高层次的API对象，它管理ReplicaSets和Pod，并提供声明式更新等功能。
官方建议使用Deployment管理ReplicaSets，而不是直接使用ReplicaSets，这就意味着可能永远不需要直接操作ReplicaSet对象。

StatefulSet

StatefulSet适合持久性的应用程序，有唯一的网络标识符（IP），持久存储，有序的部署、扩展、删除和滚动更新。

DaemonSet

DaemonSet确保所有（或一些）节点运行同一个Pod。当节点加入Kubernetes集群中，Pod会被调度到该节点上运行，当节点从集群中
移除时，DaemonSet的Pod会被删除。删除DaemonSet会清理它所有创建的Pod。

一次性任务，运行完成后Pod销毁，不再重新启动新容器。还可以任务定时运行。

系统架构图及组件功能

Master 组件：

kube- - apiserver

Kubernetes API，集群的统一入口，各组件协调者，以HTTP API提供接口服务，所有对象资源的增删改查和监听操作都交给APIServer处理后再提交给Etcd存储。

kube- - controller- - manager

处理集群中常规后台任务，一个资源对应一个控制器，而ControllerManager就是负责管理这些控制器的。

kube- - scheduler

根据调度算法为新创建的Pod选择一个Node节点。

Node 组件：

kubelet

kubelet是Master在Node节点上的Agent，管理本机运行容器的生命周期，比如创建容器、Pod挂载数据卷、
下载secret、获取容器和节点状态等工作。kubelet将每个Pod转换成一组容器。

kube- - proxy

在Node节点上实现Pod网络代理，维护网络规则和四层负载均衡工作。

docker 或 rocket/rkt

运行容器。
第三方服务：

etcd

分布式键值存储系统。用于保持集群状态，比如Pod、Service等对象信息。

下图清晰表明了Kubernetes的架构设计以及组件之间的通信协议。

好了，不BB！。。。

集群部署
1、环境规划
2、安装Docker
3、自签TLS证书
4、部署Etcd集群
5、部署Flannel网络
6、创建Node节点kubeconfig文件
7、获取K8S二进制包
8、运行Master组件
9、运行Node组件
10、查询集群状态
11、启动一个测试示例
12、部署Web UI (Dashboard)
Kubernetes容器集群管理

集群部署 – 环境规划
角色	IP	组件	推荐配置
master	192.168.247.211	kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler etcd	CPU 2核+ 2G内存+
node01	192.168.247.212	kubelet kube-proxy docker flannel etcd
node02	192.168.247.213	kubelet kube-proxy docker flannel etcd

软件版本信息
软件	版本
Linux操作系统	CentOS7.4_x64
Kubernetes	1.11.7
Docker	17.12-ce
Etcd	3.0

Kubernetes发布地址：https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/releases

系统环境准备

cat <<EOF >>/etc/hosts
192.168.247.211 master
192.168.247.212 node01
192.168.247.213 node02
EOF
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
swapoff -a
sed -i 's/\/dev\/mapper\/centos-swap/\#\/dev\/mapper\/centos-swap/g' /etc/fstab
yum -y install ntp
systemctl enable ntpd
systemctl start ntpd
ntpdate -u cn.pool.ntp.org
hwclock --systohc
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
yum install wget vim lsof net-tools lrzsz -y
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum makecache
#设置内核参数
echo "* soft nofile 190000" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* hard nofile 200000" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* soft nproc 252144" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* hadr nproc 262144" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
tee /etc/sysctl.conf <<-'EOF'
# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.
# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf file
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
 
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 10000 61000
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 2000
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 131072  262144  524288
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 2048
net.ipv4.tcp_low_latency = 0
net.core.rmem_default = 256960
net.core.rmem_max = 513920
net.core.wmem_default = 256960
net.core.wmem_max = 513920
net.core.somaxconn = 2048
net.core.optmem_max = 81920
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 131072  262144  524288
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 8760  256960  4088000
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 8760  256960  4088000
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1800
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
EOF
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system
sysctl -p
reboot

集群部署 – 安装Docker

# step 1: 安装必要的一些系统工具
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 unzip
# Step 2: 添加软件源信息
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# Step 3: 更新并安装 Docker-CE
yum makecache fast
yum install https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/docker-ce-selinux-17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos.noarch.rpm -y
yum install docker-ce-17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos -y
# Step 4: 开启Docker服务
service docker start
systemctl enable docker

# 注意：

# 官方软件源默认启用了最新的软件，您可以通过编辑软件源的方式获取各个版本的软件包。例如官方并没有将测试版本的软件源置为可用，你可以通过以下方式开启。同理可以开启各种测试版本等。
# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
#   将 [docker-ce-test] 下方的 enabled=0 修改为 enabled=1
#
# 安装指定版本的Docker-CE:
# Step 1: 查找Docker-CE的版本:
# yum list docker-ce.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r
#   Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
#   Loaded plugins: branch, fastestmirror, langpacks
#   docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
#   docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos            @docker-ce-stable
#   docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
#   Available Packages
# Step2 : 安装指定版本的Docker-CE: (VERSION 例如上面的 17.03.0.ce.1-1.el7.centos)
# sudo yum -y install docker-ce-[VERSION]
 
# 通过经典网络、VPC网络内网安装时，用以下命令替换Step 2中的命令
# 经典网络：
# sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# VPC网络：
# sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.could.aliyuncs.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
 
#设置加速器
cat << EOF > /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": [ "https://registry.docker-cn.com"],
"insecure-registries":["192.168.247.210:5000"]
}
EOF

集群部署 – 自签TLS证书

组件	使用的证书
etcd	ca.pem，server.pem，server-key.pem
flannel	ca.pem，server.pem，server-key.pem
kube-apiserver	ca.pem，server.pem，server-key.pem
kubelet	ca.pem，ca-key.pem
kube-proxy	ca.pem，kube-proxy.pem，kube-proxy-key.pem
kubectl	ca.pem，admin.pem，admin-key.pem

在master安装证书生成工具 cfssl ：

mkdir ssl;cd ssl
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64 --no-check-certificate
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

执行certificate.sh生成证书

[root@master ssl]# cat certificate.sh
 
cat > ca-config.json <<EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF
 
cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",
              "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
 
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
 
#-----------------------
 
cat > server-csr.json <<EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.247.211",
      "192.168.247.212",
      "192.168.247.213",
      "10.10.10.1",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
 
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
 
#-----------------------
 
cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
 
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
 
#-----------------------
 
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json <<EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
 
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

注意这里先把ssl这个目录拷贝一份，因为后面RBAC授权的时候还需要运用到这些生成的证书！！

然后执行以下命令只留下pem证书

ls |grep -v "pem"|xargs rm -fr

集群部署 – 部署Etcd集群

etcd是一个高可用的键值存储系统，主要用于共享配置和服务发现。etcd是由CoreOS开发并维护的，灵感来自于 ZooKeeper 和 Doozer，它使用Go语言编写，并通过Raft一致性算法处理日志复制以保证强一致性。Raft是一个新的一致性算法，适用于分布式系统的日志复制，Raft通过选举的方式来实现一致性。Google的容器集群管理系统Kubernetes、开源PaaS平台Cloud Foundry和CoreOS的Fleet都广泛使用了etcd。在分布式系统中，如何管理节点间的状态一直是一个难题，etcd像是专门为集群环境的服务发现和注册而设计，它提供了数据TTL失效、数据改变监视、多值、目录监听、分布式锁原子操作等功能，可以方便的跟踪并管理集群节点的状态。

etcd的特性如下：

简单: 支持curl方式的用户API（HTTP+JSON）
安全: 可选的SSL客户端证书认证
快速: 单实例每秒 1000 次写操作
可靠: 使用Raft保证一致性

二进制包下载地址：https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/tag/v3.2.12
部署(master，node01,node02)

mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl}
[root@master ~]# tar -xf etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@master ~]# mv etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64/etcd /opt/kubernetes/bin/
[root@master ~]# mv etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64/etcdctl /opt/kubernetes/bin/
 
[root@master ~]# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/etcd
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd01"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.247.211:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.247.211:2379"
 
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.247.211:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.247.211:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.247.211:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.247.212:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.247.213:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
 
[root@master ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
 
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/etcd
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/etcd \
--name=${ETCD_NAME} \
--data-dir=${ETCD_DATA_DIR} \
--listen-peer-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS} \
--listen-client-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS},http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls=${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS} \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls=${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS} \
--initial-cluster=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER} \
--initial-cluster-token=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER} \
--initial-cluster-state=new \
--cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
 
[root@master ~]# cp ssl/server*pem ssl/ca*.pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
#制作免密登录
ssh-keygen
ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.247.212
ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.247.213
 
[root@master ~]# scp -r /opt/kubernetes/ 192.168.247.212:/opt/
[root@master ~]# scp -r /opt/kubernetes/ 192.168.247.213:/opt/
[root@master ~]# scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service 192.168.247.212:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@master ~]# scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service 192.168.247.213:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@master ~]# systemctl start etcd && systemctl enable etcd
 
修改node1、node2的/opt/kubernetes/cfg/etcd文件里的ETCD_NAME参数。然后启动！

etcd配置文件参数说明：

ETCD_NAME 节点名称
ETCD_DATA_DIR 数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS 集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS 客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS 集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS 客户端通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER 集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN 集群Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE 加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群

查看集群状态：

# /opt/kubernetes/bin/etcdctl \
--ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://192.168.247.211:2379,https://192.168.247.212:2379,https://192.168.247.213:2379" \
cluster-health
 
[root@master ssl]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/etcdctl \
--ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://192.168.247.211:2379,https://192.168.247.212:2379,https://192.168.247.213:2379" \
cluster-health
member a6c341768b1e58b is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.247.211:2379
member 62b5a3c1db53387a is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.247.212:2379
member d0f8841f2d3e2788 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.247.213:2379

集群部署 – 部署Flannel网络

Overlay Network ：覆盖网络，在基础网络上叠加的一种虚拟网络技术模式，该网络中的主机通过虚拟链路连接起来。
VXLAN ：将源数据包封装到UDP中，并使用基础网络的IP/MAC作为外层报文头进行封装，然后在以太网上传输，到达目的地后由隧道端点解封装并将数据发送给目标地址。
Flannel ：是Overlay网络的一种，也是将源数据包封装在另一种网络包里面进行路由转发和通信，目前已经支持UDP、VXLAN、AWS VPC和GCE路由等数据转发方式。
多主机容器网络通信其他主流方案：隧道方案（ Weave、OpenvSwitch ），路由方案（Calico）等。

集群部署 – 部署Flannel网络（node01,node02）

1 ）写入分配的子网段到 etcd ，供 flanneld 使用
1）首先设置子网

[root@master ssl]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/etcdctl \
--ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://192.168.247.211:2379,https://192.168.247.212:2379,https://192.168.247.213:2379" \
set /coreos.com/network/config '{ "Network": "172.17.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'
{ "Network": "172.17.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}

2 ）下载二进制包

# wget https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.9.1/flannel-v0.9.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xf flannel-v0.9.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
scp flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh 192.168.247.212:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
scp flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh 192.168.247.213:/opt/kubernetes/bin/

3 ）配置 Flannel

[root@node01 cfg]# pwd
/opt/kubernetes/cfg
[root@node01 cfg]# cat flanneld
FLANNEL_OPTIONS="--etcd-endpoints=https://192.168.247.211:2379,https://192.168.247.212:2379,https://192.168.247.213:2379 -etcd-cafile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem -etcd-certfile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem -etcd-keyfile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem"

4 ） systemd 管理 Flannel

[root@node01 cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service
[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network-online.target network.target
Before=docker.service
 
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/flanneld --ip-masq $FLANNEL_OPTIONS
ExecStartPost=/opt/kubernetes/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/subnet.env
Restart=on-failure
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
5 ）配置 Docker 启动指定子网段
[root@node01 cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
 
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
 
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/subnet.env
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd  $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

6 ）启动（一定要按这个顺序）

[root@node01 cfg]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@node01 cfg]# systemctl restart flanneld && systemctl enable flanneld
[root@node01 cfg]# systemctl restart docker

同步到其他node后启动

cd /opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp flanneld 192.168.247.212:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp flanneld 192.168.247.213:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service 192.168.247.212:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service 192.168.247.213:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service 192.168.247.213:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service 192.168.247.212:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

7 测试
#列出集群中的所有子网

[root@master ssl]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/etcdctl \
> --ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem \
> --endpoints="https://192.168.247.211:2379,https://192.168.247.212:2379,https://192.168.247.213:2379" \
> ls /coreos.com/network/subnets
 
/coreos.com/network/subnets/172.17.100.0-24
/coreos.com/network/subnets/172.17.57.0-24
/coreos.com/network/subnets/172.17.88.0-24

#查看子网对应的物理网口

[root@master ssl]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/etcdctl \
> --ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem \
> --endpoints="https://192.168.247.211:2379,https://192.168.247.212:2379,https://192.168.247.213:2379" \
> get /coreos.com/network/subnets/172.17.57.0-24
{"PublicIP":"192.168.247.212","BackendType":"vxlan","BackendData":{"VtepMAC":"a6:e3:be:9b:f6:b9"}

我们发现flannel.1和docker0是在同一网段的

#ping 88段的容器

[root@node01 cfg]# ping 172.17.88.1
PING 172.17.88.1 (172.17.88.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.17.88.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.581 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.88.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.871 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.88.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=6.78 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.88.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.874 ms
^C
--- 172.17.88.1 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3011ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.581/2.277/6.783/2.604 ms

集群部署 – 创建Node节点kubeconfig文件

1、创建TLS Bootstrapping Token
2、创建kubelet kubeconfig
3、创建kube-proxy kubeconfig

下载安装包：https://dl.k8s.io/v1.11.7/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz

[root@master master_pkg]# tar -xf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@master master_pkg]# mv kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl /opt/kubernetes/bin
[root@master bin]# pwd
/opt/kubernetes/bin
[root@master bin]# chmod +x kubectl
[root@master bin]# echo "PATH=$PATH:/opt/kubernetes/bin" >>/etc/profile
[root@master bin]# source /etc/profile
[root@master ssl]# pwd
/root/ssl
[root@master ssl]# cat kubeconfig.sh
# 创建 TLS Bootstrapping Token
export BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' ')
cat > token.csv <<EOF
${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN},kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF
 
#----------------------
 
# 创建kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig
export KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.247.211:6443"
 
# 设置集群参数
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
 
# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
  --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
 
# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kubelet-bootstrap \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
 
# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
 
#----------------------
 
# 创建kube-proxy kubeconfig文件
 
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
 
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
 
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
 
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
[root@master ssl]# sh kubeconfig.sh
Cluster "kubernetes" set.
User "kubelet-bootstrap" set.
Context "default" created.
Switched to context "default".
Cluster "kubernetes" set.
User "kube-proxy" set.
Context "default" created.
Switched to context "default".
[root@master ssl]# cat token.csv
dc434e4db0f27ac84703bacbb8157540,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
[root@master ssl]# cp token.csv /opt/kubernetes/cfg/

集群部署 – 运行Master组件

master3个主件安装脚本：

[root@master master_pkg]# cat apiserver.sh
#!/bin/bash
 
MASTER_ADDRESS=${1:-"192.168.1.195"}
ETCD_SERVERS=${2:-"http://127.0.0.1:2379"}
 
cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
 
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v=4 \\
--etcd-servers=${ETCD_SERVERS} \\
--insecure-bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--bind-address=${MASTER_ADDRESS} \\
--insecure-port=8080 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=${MASTER_ADDRESS} \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.10.10.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--kubelet-https=true \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem"
 
EOF
 
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
 
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
 
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl restart kube-apiserver
 
[root@master master_pkg]# cat controller-manager.sh
#!/bin/bash
 
MASTER_ADDRESS=${1:-"127.0.0.1"}
 
cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
 
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v=4 \\
--master=${MASTER_ADDRESS}:8080 \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--address=127.0.0.1 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.10.10.0/24 \\
--cluster-name=kubernetes \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem"
 
EOF
 
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
 
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
 
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl restart kube-controller-manager
 
[root@master master_pkg]# cat scheduler.sh
#!/bin/bash
 
MASTER_ADDRESS=${1:-"127.0.0.1"}
 
cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
 
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v=4 \\
--master=${MASTER_ADDRESS}:8080 \\
--leader-elect"
 
EOF
 
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
 
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
 
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl restart kube-scheduler

apiserver配置文件

参数说明：

—logtostderr 启用日志
—-v 日志等级
—etcd-servers etcd集群地址
—bind-address 监听地址
—secure-port https安全端口
—advertise-address 集群通告地址
—allow-privileged 启用授权
—service-cluster-ip-range Service虚拟IP地址段
—enable-admission-plugins 准入控制模块
—authorization-mode 认证授权，启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
—enable-bootstrap-token-auth 启用TLS bootstrap功能，后面会讲到
—token-auth-file token文件
—service-node-port-range Service Node类型默认分配端口范围

部署master

[root@master ~]# cp ssl/ca*pem ssl/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@master master_pkg]# chmod +x /opt/kubernetes/bin/* && chmod +x *.sh
[root@master master_pkg]# ./apiserver.sh 192.168.247.211 https://192.168.247.211:2379,https://192.168.247.212:2379,https://192.168.247.213:2379
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-apiserver.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service.
[root@master master_pkg]# ./scheduler.sh 127.0.0.1
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-scheduler.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service.
[root@master master_pkg]# ./controller-manager.sh 127.0.0.1
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-controller-manager.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service.
[root@master master_pkg]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/opt/kubernetes/bin" >> /etc/profile
[root@master master_pkg]# source /etc/profile

集群部署 – 运行Node组件（node01,node02）

1、将master上的node配置文件拷贝到node的/opt/kubernetes/cfg/目录下

[root@master ssl]# scp *kubeconfig 192.168.247.212:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
[root@node01 ~]#tar -xf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@node01 ~]# mv kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin

2、node上2个组件的安装脚本

[root@node01 ~]# cat kubelet.sh
#!/bin/bash
 
NODE_ADDRESS=${1:-"192.168.1.196"}
DNS_SERVER_IP=${2:-"10.10.10.2"}
 
cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
 
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\
--v=4 \\
--address=${NODE_ADDRESS} \\
--hostname-override=${NODE_ADDRESS} \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--experimental-bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--cluster-dns=${DNS_SERVER_IP} \\
--cluster-domain=cluster.local \\
--fail-swap-on=false \\
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"
 
EOF
 
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service
 
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
KillMode=process
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
 
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl restart kubelet
 
[root@node01 ~]# cat proxy.sh
#!/bin/bash
 
NODE_ADDRESS=${1:-"192.168.1.200"}
 
cat <<EOF >/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
 
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=${NODE_ADDRESS} \
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"
 
EOF
 
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
 
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
 
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl restart kube-proxy

kubelet配置文件

参数说明：

—hostname-override 在集群中显示的主机名
—kubeconfig 指定kubeconfig文件位置，会自动生成
—bootstrap-kubeconfig 指定刚才生成的bootstrap.kubeconfig文件
—cert-dir 颁发证书存放位置
—pod-infra-container-image 管理Pod网络的镜像

3、部署node

[root@node01 ~]# chmod +x /opt/kubernetes/bin/* && chmod +x *.sh
[root@node01 ~]# ./kubelet.sh 192.168.247.212 10.10.10.2
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kubelet.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.
[root@node01 ~]# ./proxy.sh 192.168.247.212
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-proxy.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service.

4、在master上绑定kubelet-bootstrap

[root@master ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap
clusterrolebinding "kubelet-bootstrap" created
[root@node01 cfg]# systemctl start kubelet && systemctl enable kubelet
[root@node01 cfg]# systemctl start kube-proxy && systemctl enable kube-proxy
[root@master ssl]# kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE       REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-atAc1doj0IP5p48t-yz8FphTOxJYILpu_I9RY5ejL54   26s       kubelet-bootstrap   Pending
 
[root@master ssl]# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-atAc1doj0IP5p48t-yz8FphTOxJYILpu_I9RY5ejL54
certificatesigningrequest "node-csr-atAc1doj0IP5p48t-yz8FphTOxJYILpu_I9RY5ejL54" approved
[root@master ssl]# kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE       REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-atAc1doj0IP5p48t-yz8FphTOxJYILpu_I9RY5ejL54   1m        kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued

集群部署 – 查询集群状态

# kubectl get node

# kubectl get componentstatus

Kubernetes容器集群管理

集群部署 – 启动一个测试示例

# kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --replicas=3
# kubectl get pod
# kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=88 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort
# kubectl get svc nginx
Kubernetes容器集群管理

集群部署 – 部署Web UI (Dashboard)

Dashboard脚本：

[root@master k8s_yaml]# cat kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
 
# ------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- #
 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kube-system
type: Opaque
 
---
# ------------------- Dashboard Service Account ------------------- #
 
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
 
---
# ------------------- Dashboard Role & Role Binding ------------------- #
 
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
  namespace: kube-system
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder' secret.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["secrets"]
  verbs: ["create"]
  # Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["configmaps"]
  verbs: ["create"]
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["secrets"]
  resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"]
  verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
  # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["configmaps"]
  resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
  verbs: ["get", "update"]
  # Allow Dashboard to get metrics from heapster.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["services"]
  resourceNames: ["heapster"]
  verbs: ["proxy"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["services/proxy"]
  resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"]
  verbs: ["get"]
 
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
  namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
 
---
# ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- #
 
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: kubernetes-dashboard
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8443
          protocol: TCP
        args:
          - --auto-generate-certificates
          # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
          # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
          # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
          # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
        volumeMounts:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          mountPath: /certs
          # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
        - mountPath: /tmp
          name: tmp-volume
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            scheme: HTTPS
            path: /
            port: 8443
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          timeoutSeconds: 30
      volumes:
      - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        secret:
          secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
      - name: tmp-volume
        emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
        effect: NoSchedule
 
---
# ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- #
 
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30001
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
 
[root@master k8s_yaml]# cat dashboard-admin.yaml
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: admin
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile

安装dashboard,https://192.168.247.212:30001/#!访问然后跳过认证即可！！

[root@master k8s_yaml]# kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
[root@master k8s_yaml]# kubectl apply -f dashboard-admin.yaml

或者通过token访问：

kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}') | grep token

注意这里有个坑，复制的时候格式会换行需要放到记事本里取消换行！！！

部署中的脚本下载地址：https://github.com/hejianlai/Docker-Kubernetes/tree/master/Kubernetes/install