Swing的基本操作

 package GUI_experience;
 import java.awt.*;
 import java.awt.Container;
 import java.awt.FlowLayout;
 import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
 import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
 import javax.imageio.stream.ImageInputStream;
 import javax.swing.*;
 import java.awt.event.FocusEvent;
 import java.awt.event.FocusListener;
 import java.net.*;
 /**class myFrame extends Frame{
     myFrame(String s){
         super(s);
         this.setBackground(Color.blue);
         this.setSize(300,200);
         this.setVisible(true);
     }
     public static void main(String []args){
         myFrame mfr=new myFrame("First GUI project");
     }
 }*/

 /**class MyFrame extends Frame{
     static int id=0;
     MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color myColor){
         super("MyFrame first project "+(++id));
         this.setBackground(myColor);
         this.setBounds(x,y,w,h);
         this.setLayout(null);
         this.setVisible(true);
     }
     public static void main(String[]args){
         MyFrame mf=new MyFrame(200,300,200,200,Color.gray);
     }
 }*/

 /**
  * 窗体示例JFrame
  * 通常继承自JFrame类来使用而不是在类的main函数中创建一个JFrame对象
  *
  */
 class Demo2 extends JFrame{
     Demo2(){

         setVisible(true);//Visible

         setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//设置关闭按键，直接关闭
         //setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DO_NOTHING_ON_CLOSE);//关闭按键等于没用
         //setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);//关闭但是不停止程序
         //setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);//释放程序资源
         setBounds(300,500,300,200);//Location and Size
         //setSize(300,200);
         //setLocation(300,500);
         setTitle("This is a Frame.");

         Container c = getContentPane();//获取窗体容器
         c.setBackground(Color.white);
         JLabel jl=new JLabel("Right here is a frame.");
         c.add(jl);
 //      c.remove(jl);
         c.validate();//验证容器中的组件，等于刷新一下
 //      f.setContentPane(c);//重新载入容器，与上式等效，但是上式更好
         setResizable(false);
         System.out.println(getX());
         System.out.println(getY());
     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {
         new Demo2();

     }
 }

 /**
  * JDialog对话框示例
  *
  */
 class Demo3 extends JDialog{
     Demo3(JFrame frame){//在对话框的参数列表中就要包含父窗体
         super(frame,"Title of DIALOG",true);//父窗体对象，对话框标题，是否阻塞父窗体
         Container c=getContentPane();
         JLabel jl=new JLabel("这是一个标签");
         jl.setForeground(Color.RED);//设置字体颜色为红色
         //jl.setText("");更改标签内容
         //jl.getText();获取标签内容
         jl.setFont(new Font("宋体",Font.BOLD,15));//设置字体
         c.add(jl);//添加一段标签

         JLabel pic=new JLabel("这是一个展示图片的标签");
 //        URL url=Demo3.class.getResource("pycharm_inter.png");//获取图片URL路径,要求图片和此文件在同一包内
 //        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(url);
         Icon icon = new ImageIcon("src/GUI_experience/pycharm_inter.png");//直接写出图片相应路径也能得到图片
 //        jl.setSize(20,20);//设置标签大小并不能改变图片大小
         pic.setIcon(icon);//添加图片
         c.add(pic);
         setBounds(100,100,500,400);

     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {
         JFrame f =new JFrame("Father Frame");
         f.setBounds(50,50,300,300);
         Container c=f.getContentPane();
         JButton btn =new JButton("Push out a DIALOG");
         c.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
         c.add(btn);
         f.setVisible(true);
         f.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         /**
          * 重要部分：给按钮添加监听（使按钮生效）
          *
          */
         btn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
             public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
                 Demo3 d =new Demo3(f);
                 d.setVisible(true);//对话框最好在main中设置窗体可见
             }
         });
     }

 }

 class Exp_absoluteLayout extends JFrame{
     Exp_absoluteLayout(){
         setBounds(300,300,200,150);
         setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         Container c = getContentPane();

         c.setLayout(null);//布局参数设置为null即为绝对布局，此时组件大小和位置只由设定的坐标决定（与窗体大小无关）
         JButton jb1 = new JButton("Button_1"), jb2 = new JButton("Button_2");
         jb1.setBounds(10,30,120 ,30);
         jb2.setBounds(60,70,100,20);
         c.add(jb1);
         c.add(jb2);

         setVisible(true);

     }
     public static void main(String[] args) {
         new Exp_absoluteLayout();
     }
 }

 class Exp_FlowLayout extends JFrame{
     Exp_FlowLayout(){
         setVisible(true);
         setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         setBounds(300,300,200,150);

         Container c = getContentPane();
         for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
             c.add(new JButton("Button_"+i));
         }
 //        setLayout(new FlowLayout());//默认居中对齐
         setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT,20,20));//设置为右对齐，水平间距20，竖直间距20
     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {
         new Exp_FlowLayout();
     }
 }

 class Exp_BorderLayout extends JFrame{
     Exp_BorderLayout(){
         setBounds(100,100,350,200);
         setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

         Container c = getContentPane();
         c.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
         JButton jb1=new JButton("中"),
                 jb2=new JButton("东"),
                 jb3=new JButton("西"),
                 jb4=new JButton("南"),
                 jb5=new JButton("北");
         c.add(jb1,BorderLayout.CENTER);
         c.add(jb2,BorderLayout.EAST);
         c.add(jb3,BorderLayout.WEST);
         c.add(jb4,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
         c.add(jb5,BorderLayout.NORTH);
         c.setVisible(true);
         setVisible(true);//tip:只有将设置可见性放在最后才能保证所有组件都可见
     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {
         new Exp_BorderLayout();
     }
 }

 class Exp_GridLayout extends JFrame{
     Exp_GridLayout(){
         setBounds(100,100,300,300);
         setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

         Container c = getContentPane();
 //        c.setLayout(new GridLayout(7,3,5,5));//网格布局，7行3列，水平间距5，竖直间距5
         c.setLayout(new GridLayout(6,4));//紧密无缝隙排列
         for(int i=0;i<23;i++){//如果组件数量超过网格布局，每当不足时则多出一列
             c.add(new JButton("Button_"+i));
         }
         setVisible(true);
     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {
         new Exp_GridLayout();
     }
 }

 class Exp_GridBagFLayout {
     JFrame f = new JFrame();
     Container c= f.getContentPane();

     void createFrame(){
         f.setSize(800,600);
         f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         c.setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
         f.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
     }
     void init(){
         GridBagConstraints g1 = new GridBagConstraints();
         c.add(new JButton("Btn1"),g1);

         GridBagConstraints g2 = new GridBagConstraints();
         g2.gridx=1;
         g2.gridy=1;
         c.add(new JButton("Btn2"),g2);

         GridBagConstraints g3 = new GridBagConstraints();
         g3.gridx=2;
         g3.gridy=2;
         c.add(new JButton("Btn3"),g3);
     }
     void createButton(){
         for(int i=0;i<9;i++){
             GridBagConstraints g1 = new GridBagConstraints();
             g1.gridx=0;
             g1.gridy=i;//标定位置（左上角）
             c.add(new JButton("Btn"),g1);

             GridBagConstraints g2 = new GridBagConstraints();
             g2.gridx=i;
             g2.gridy=0;
             c.add(new JButton("Btn"),g2);
         }
     }

     void init2(){
         GridBagConstraints g1 = new GridBagConstraints();
         g1.gridx=1;
         g1.gridy=1;
         c.add(new JButton("Btn1"),g1);

         GridBagConstraints g2 = new GridBagConstraints();
         g2.gridx=2;
         g2.gridy=2;
         g2.gridwidth=2;
         g2.gridheight=1;//占据位置：两行一列
         c.add(new JButton("Btn2"),g2);

         GridBagConstraints g3 = new GridBagConstraints();
         g3.gridx=4;
         g3.gridy=4;
         g3.gridwidth=2;
         g3.gridwidth=2;
         c.add(new JButton("Btn3"),g3);
     }
     void init3(){
         GridBagConstraints g1 = new GridBagConstraints();
         g1.gridx=1;
         g1.gridy=1;
         g1.gridwidth=2;
         g1.gridheight=2;
         g1.fill=GridBagConstraints.NONE;
         c.add(new JButton("NONE"),g1);

         GridBagConstraints g2 = new GridBagConstraints();
         g2.gridx=3;
         g2.gridy=1;
         g2.gridheight=2;
         g2.gridwidth=2;
         g2.fill=GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;//填充方式：水平填充
         c.add(new JButton("HORIZONTAL"),g2);

         GridBagConstraints g3 = new GridBagConstraints();
         g3.gridx=5;
         g3.gridy=1;
         g3.gridwidth=2;
         g3.gridheight=2;
         g3.fill=GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL;//填充方式：竖直填充
         c.add(new JButton("VERTICAL"),g3);

         GridBagConstraints g4 = new GridBagConstraints();
         g4.gridx=7;
         g4.gridy=1;
         g4.gridwidth=2;
         g4.gridheight=2;
         g4.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;//填充方式：完全填充
         c.add(new JButton("BOTH"),g4);
     }
     void init4(){
         GridBagConstraints g1 = new GridBagConstraints();
         g1.gridx=1;
         g1.gridy=1;
         g1.gridwidth=2;
         g1.gridheight=2;
         g1.fill=GridBagConstraints.NONE;
         g1.anchor=GridBagConstraints.NORTHWEST;//占据方位：所占据区域的左上角（西北角）
         c.add(new JButton("."),g1);
     }
     void init5(){
         GridBagConstraints g1 = new GridBagConstraints();
         g1.gridx=1;
         g1.gridy=1;
         g1.gridwidth=2;
         g1.gridheight=2;
         g1.insets = new Insets(0,0,10,10);//偏移像素值
         c.add(new JButton("."),g1);
     }
     void init6(){
         GridBagConstraints g1 = new GridBagConstraints();
         g1.gridx=1;
         g1.gridy=1;
         g1.gridwidth=2;
         g1.gridheight=2;
         g1.ipadx=10;
         g1.ipady=10;//首选位置
         c.add(new JButton("NONE"),g1);
     }
     void init7(){
         GridBagConstraints g1 = new GridBagConstraints();
         g1.gridx=1;
         g1.gridy=1;
         g1.gridwidth=2;
         g1.gridheight=2;
         g1.weightx=10;
         g1.weighty=10;//当窗体大小足够大时占据的空间（如果不够大则迁就窗体进行回缩
         c.add(new JButton("NONE"),g1);
     }
     public static void main(String[] args) {
         Exp_GridBagFLayout eg = new Exp_GridBagFLayout();
         eg.createFrame();
         eg.createButton();
         eg.init7();
         eg.f.setVisible(true);
     }
 }

 class Demo4 extends JFrame{
     Demo4(){
         setBounds(100,100,190,120);
         setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         Container c = getContentPane();
         c.setLayout(null);

         JComboBox<String> cb = new JComboBox<String>();//建立下拉列表，可以使用泛型确定条目类型
         cb.addItem("身份证");
         cb.addItem("学生证");
         cb.addItem("工作证");

         String [] items = {"1","2","3"};//利用字符串数组创建下拉列表
         JComboBox<String> cb2 = new JComboBox<>(items);

         JComboBox<String> cb3 = new JComboBox<>();
         String [] item = {"学生证","驾驶证","毕业证"};
         ComboBoxModel cm = new DefaultComboBoxModel<>(item);//建立下拉列表模型并向其中加入元素
         cb3.setModel(cm);//利用下拉列表模型创建下拉列表

         cb3.setEditable(true);//设定下拉框中值可编辑
         cb3.setBounds(10,10,80,21);
         c.add(cb3);

         JButton jb = new JButton("打印");
         jb.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

             public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
                 System.out.println("索引："+cb3.getSelectedIndex());
                 System.out.println("值："+cb3.getSelectedItem());
             }
         });
         jb.setBounds(100,10,60,20);
         c.add(jb);

         setVisible(true);
     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {
         Demo4 d4 = new Demo4();
     }

 }

 class Exp_Jlist extends JFrame{
     Exp_Jlist(){
                 setBounds(100,100,217,167);
                 setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

                 Container c = getContentPane();
                 c.setLayout(null);

                 String items [] ={"1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8"};
               //  JList<String> jl = new JList<>(items);

                 DefaultListModel<String> mod = new DefaultListModel<>();//创建数据模型
                 for(String tmp:items){
                     mod.addElement(tmp);//向数据模型中添加元素
                 }
                 mod.addElement("AnotherElem");
                 JList<String> jl = new JList<>();
                 jl.setModel(mod);//为创建的列表框提供模型，方便更改元素

 //                jl.setSelectionMode(ListSelectionModel.SINGLE_SELECTION);//选择模式：只能选择1个元素
 //                jl.setSelectionMode(ListSelectionModel.SINGLE_INTERVAL_SELECTION);//只能选择相邻元素
                 jl.setSelectionMode(ListSelectionModel.MULTIPLE_INTERVAL_SELECTION);//选择不受限制(按ctrl)

                 JButton jb = new JButton("确认");
                 jb.setBounds(120,90,70,25);
                 jb.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                     public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
                         java.util.List<String> str = jl.getSelectedValuesList();//获取列表框中元素
                         for(String st:str){
                             System.out.println(st);
                         }
                     }
                 });
                 c.add(jb);

                 JScrollPane js = new JScrollPane(jl);//添加滚动条
                 js.setBounds(10,10,100,100);//如果添加了滚动条，列表框的大小由滚动条决定
                 c.add(js);
                 setVisible(true);
     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {
         new Exp_Jlist();
     }
 }

 class Exp_JTextField extends JFrame{
     Exp_JTextField(){
         setBounds(100,100,250,100);
         setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         Container c =getContentPane();
         c.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

         JTextField jt = new JTextField("aaa",20);//创建文本框，同时可以创建默认文本和长度
         jt.setColumns(20);//也可以通过此方法设置长度
         jt.setText("aaa");//也可以通过此方法设置文本
         jt.setFont(new Font("宋体",Font.PLAIN,20));//设置字体
         c.add(jt);

         JButton jb = new JButton("确认");
         jb.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
             @Override
             public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
                 System.out.println(jt.getText());//获取文本框中的文本
                 jt.setText("");//点击完按钮之后清空文本
                 jt.requestFocus();//获取光标
             }
         });
         c.add(jb);
         setVisible(true);
     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {
         new Exp_JTextField();
     }
 }

 class Exp_JPasswordField extends JFrame{
     Exp_JPasswordField(){
         setBounds(100,100,500,100);
         setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         Container c = getContentPane();
         c.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

         JPasswordField jp = new JPasswordField(20);
         jp.setColumns(20);
         jp.setFont(new Font("Arial",Font.BOLD,20));
         jp.setEchoChar('*');//设置显式字符，默认为圆点
         jp.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
             public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
                 char ch[] = jp.getPassword();//获取密码的字符数组
                 String str = new String (ch);
                 System.out.println(str);
             }
         });
         c.add(jp);

         setVisible(true);
     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {
         new Exp_JPasswordField();
     }
 }

 class Exp_JTextArea extends JFrame{
     Exp_JTextArea(){
          setBounds(100,100,400,400);
          setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
          Container c = getContentPane();
          c.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
          JTextArea area = new JTextArea("这是一个文本域");//创建一个带默认文本的文本域，不同于文本框，文本域支持多行输入
          area.setText("文本域");
          area.setRows(5);//设定行
          area.setColumns(20);//设定列数
          area.append("添加内容");
          area.insert("插入",3);
          area.setFont(new Font("楷体",Font.PLAIN,20));

          JScrollPane js = new JScrollPane(area);//给文本域提供滚动条
          c.add(js);

          setVisible(true);
     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {
         new Exp_JTextArea();
     }
 }

 class JustAExampleForActionListener extends JFrame{//动作事件监听器示例
     JustAExampleForActionListener(){
         setBounds(100,100,500,500);
         setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         Container c =getContentPane();

         JTextField jt = new JTextField();
         JLabel jl = new JLabel("这是一个标签");

         JScrollPane js =new JScrollPane(jt);
         js.setBounds(10,10,300,30);

         jt.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
             @Override
             public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
                 Object obj =actionEvent.getSource();//使用ActionEvent对象获取值
                 JTextField jtTmp = (JTextField)obj;
                 System.out.println(jtTmp.getText());
                 jl.setText("文本框单击了回车");
             }
         });

         c.add(js);
         c.add(jl);
         setVisible(true);
     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {
         new JustAExampleForActionListener();
     }
 }

 class JustAnExampleForFocusListener extends JFrame{//焦点事件监听器示例
     JustAnExampleForFocusListener(){
         setBounds(100,100,500,400);
         setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         Container c = getContentPane();
         c.setLayout(null);

         JTextField jt1 = new JTextField();
         jt1.setBounds(10,10,60,20);

         JTextField jt2 = new JTextField();
         jt2.setBounds(10,60,60,20);

         JTextField jt3 = new JTextField();
         jt3.setBounds(10,110,60,20);

         jt1.addFocusListener(new MyFocusListener() );
         jt2.addFocusListener(new MyFocusListener() );
         jt3.addFocusListener(new MyFocusListener() );
         c.add(jt1);
         c.add(jt2);
         c.add(jt3);
         setVisible(true);
     }
     class MyFocusListener implements FocusListener{//自定义的焦点事件监听类
        public void focusGained(FocusEvent e){//得到焦点事件
            JTextField jtTmp = (JTextField)e.getSource();//获取触发事件的组件
            jtTmp.setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.GREEN));//给得到焦点的文本框提供绿色边框
        }
        public void focusLost(FocusEvent e){//失去焦点事件
            JTextField jtTmp = (JTextField)e.getSource();
            jtTmp.setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.red));
        }
     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {
         new JustAnExampleForFocusListener();
     }
 }