以太坊联盟链 parity 节点搭建
https://www.cnblogs.com/sumingk/articles/9097996.html
上一篇文章介绍了以太坊私有链 geth节点的搭建，本篇介绍下企业级应用 联盟链搭建，运用parity 钱包作为服务节点，实现多节点构建联盟链。
一.parity的实现共识POA
了解区块链的同学，应该都听过pow,pos这些共识算法，那parity的poa是一种什么样的工作原理呢？poa全称 Proof of Authority ，工作权益证明。
poa的特点：
- 有别于PoW (Proof-of-Work)需要解数学难题来产生block，PoA是依靠预设好的Authority nodes，负责产生block。
- 可依照需求设定Authority node数量。
- 可指定产生block的时间，例如收到交易的5秒后产生block。
- 一般的Ethereum node也可以连接到PoA Chain，正常发起transactions, contracts等
- 可适用于企业内部，构建多企业的联盟链
二.parity 下载安装
parity github: https://github.com/paritytech/parity
parity 下载地址：https://github.com/paritytech/parity/releases
选择稳定版 Parity 1.10.4-stable
根据自身linux 系统版本，下载对应的二进制文件
我这边用的ubuntu 16.04 x64
1.wget https://d1h4xl4cr1h0mo.cloudfront.net/v1.10.4/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/parity #下载
2.chmod 775 parity #修改可执行文件
3. ./parity -v #检查parity 版本
若显示v1.10.4 版本信息，则已成功安装
三.配置创世区块 genesis-spec.json
>$ mkdir parity
>$ cd parity
>$vim genesis-spec.json
{
"name": "DemoPoA",
"engine": {
"authorityRound": {
"params": {
"stepDuration": "2",
"validators" : {
"list": []
}
}
}
},
"params": {
"gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x400",
"maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
"minGasLimit": "0x1388",
"networkID" : "0x2323"
},
"genesis": {
"seal": {
"authorityRound": {
"step": "0x0",
"signature": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
}
},
"difficulty": "0x10000",
"gasLimit": "0x12a05f200"
},
"accounts": {
"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ecrecover", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 3000, "word": 0 } } } },
"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "sha256", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 60, "word": 12 } } } },
"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } },
"0x6a67f9275dfe3abac6fd5525dec804551cbb7f00": { "balance": "1000000000000000000000000" },
"0xd62de1cbcf85253b776305ab45fd85367187bc29": { "balance": "1000000000000000000000000" }
}
}
name:创世文件名称
engine:节点引擎，这里先用写死验证人方式，在list 中添加验证人地址
params: networkID 联盟链节点ID
accounts:初始化账户
友情提示：更详细配置可参考parity wiki : https://wiki.parity.io/Chain-specification
四.添加节点配置文件
>$ vim node1.toml
[parity]
chain = "genesis-spec.json" #创世区块文件
base_path = "parity0" #创建parity0文件夹，代表第一个节点
[network]
port = 30300 #网络端口
[rpc]
port = 8540 #rpc请求端口
apis = ["web3", "eth", "net", "personal", "parity", "parity_set", "traces", "rpc", "parity_accounts"] #支持的rpc请求方式
#interface = "192.168.1.175" #默认的rpc 请求地址
[ui]
port = 8180 #parity ui网页端口
hosts = ["all"]
[account]
password = ["node.pwds"] #节点parity0密码
[websockets]
port = 8456
[ipc]
disable = true #不支持ipc 访问
[mining]
engine_signer = "0x005C6F320C425675bAE78BcF693AE2e6d63e9853" #矿工地址
reseal_on_txs = "none"
五.创建用户名密码存储文件
>$ touch node.pwds （创建节点矿工密码）
>$ vim node.pwds
123
六.创建节点关联文件
>$ touch reservedPeers.enode (暂时创建，创建第一个节点时，在补充)
七.创建初始化用户
>$ ./parity account new --config node0.toml
八.修改创世文件 genesis-spec.json 添加验证人
{
"name": "DemoPoA",
"engine": {
"authorityRound": {
"params": {
"stepDuration": "2",
"validators" : {
"list": ["0x6a67f9275dfe3abac6fd5525dec804551cbb7f00"]
}
}
}
},
"params": {
"gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x400",
"maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
"minGasLimit": "0x1388",
"networkID" : "0x2323"
},
"genesis": {
"seal": {
"authorityRound": {
"step": "0x0",
"signature": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
}
},
"difficulty": "0x10000",
"gasLimit": "0x12a05f200"
},
"accounts": {
"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ecrecover", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 3000, "word": 0 } } } },
"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "sha256", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 60, "word": 12 } } } },
"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "ripemd160", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 600, "word": 120 } } } },
"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": { "balance": "1", "builtin": { "name": "identity", "pricing": { "linear": { "base": 15, "word": 3 } } } },
"0x6a67f9275dfe3abac6fd5525dec804551cbb7f00": { "balance": "1000000000000000000000000" },
"0x6a67f9275dfe3abac6fd5525dec804551cbb7f00": { "balance": "1000000000000000000000000" }
} }
九.修改配置节点
十.启动parity
>$ ./parity --config node1.toml
目前一个parity节点已经搭建完毕。
十一.采用合约管理节点验证人（可通过合约动态管理）
以下是完整 genesis-spec.json 文件配置
{
"name": "DemoPoA",
"engine": {
"authorityRound": {
"params": {
"stepDuration": "5",
"validators": {
"safeContract":"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000005"
}
}
}
},
"params": {
"gasLimitBoundDivisor": "0x0400",
"maximumExtraDataSize": "0x20",
"minGasLimit": "0x1388",
"networkID": "0x2323"
},
"genesis": {
"seal": {
"authorityRound": {
"step": "0x0",
"signature": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
}
},
"difficulty": "0x20000",
"gasLimit": "0x5B8D80"
},
"accounts": {
"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001": {
"balance": "1",
"builtin": {
"name": "ecrecover",
"pricing": {
"linear": {
"base": 3000,
"word": 0
}
}
}
},
"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000002": {
"balance": "1",
"builtin": {
"name": "sha256",
"pricing": {
"linear": {
"base": 60,
"word": 12
}
}
}
},
"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000003": {
"balance": "1",
"builtin": {
"name": "ripemd160",
"pricing": {
"linear": {
"base": 600,
"word": 120
}
}
}
},
"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000004": {
"balance": "1",
"builtin": {
"name": "identity",
"pricing": {
"linear": {
"base": 15,
"word": 3
}
}
}
},
"0x00A7135cf451B2463517D11e0cE88013042e0a28": {
"balance": "80000000000000000000000"
},
"0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000005":{
"balance": "1",
"constructor":"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"
}
}
}
下面是动态管理验证人的合约
pragma solidity ^0.4.15;
contract ValidatorSet {
event InitiateChange(bytes32 indexed _parent_hash, address[] _new_set);
function getValidators() public constant returns (address[] _validators);
function finalizeChange() public;
}
contract MajorityList is ValidatorSet {
event ChangeFinalized(address[] current_set);
struct ValidatorStatus {
bool isValidator;
uint index;
}
address SYSTEM_ADDRESS = 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000;
address[] public validatorsList;
address[] pendingList;
bool finalized;
mapping(address => ValidatorStatus) validatorsStatus;
bool private initialized;
function MajorityList() public {
pendingList = [0x005C6F320C425675bAE78BcF693AE2e6d63e9853];
initializeValidators();
}
modifier uninitialized() {
if (initialized) { revert();}
_;
}
modifier when_finalized() {
if (!finalized) { revert();}
_;
}
modifier only_system_and_not_finalized() {
if (msg.sender != SYSTEM_ADDRESS || finalized) { revert(); }
_;
}
modifier is_validator(address someone) {
if (validatorsStatus[someone].isValidator) { _; }
}
modifier is_not_validator(address someone) {
if (!validatorsStatus[someone].isValidator) { _; }
}
function initializeValidators() public uninitialized {
for (uint j = 0; j < pendingList.length; j++) {
address validator = pendingList[j];
validatorsStatus[validator] = ValidatorStatus({
isValidator: true,
index: j
});
}
initialized = true;
validatorsList = pendingList;
finalized = false;
}
function initiateChange() private when_finalized {
finalized = false;
emit InitiateChange(block.blockhash(block.number - 1), pendingList);
}
function finalizeChange() public only_system_and_not_finalized {
validatorsList = pendingList;
finalized = true;
emit ChangeFinalized(validatorsList);
}
function addValidator(address validator) public is_not_validator(validator){
validatorsStatus[validator].index = pendingList.length;
pendingList.push(validator);
validatorsStatus[validator].isValidator = true;
initiateChange();
}
function removeValidator(address validator) public is_validator(validator){
uint removedIndex = validatorsStatus[validator].index;
uint lastIndex = pendingList.length-1;
address lastValidator = pendingList[lastIndex]; pendingList[removedIndex] = lastValidator;
validatorsStatus[lastValidator].index = removedIndex; delete pendingList[lastIndex];
pendingList.length--; validatorsStatus[validator].index = 0;
validatorsStatus[validator].isValidator = false;
initiateChange(); }
function getValidators() public constant returns (address[]) {
return validatorsList;
}
}
这部分代码有过更改，为了适应parity 部署。
获取合约 二进制文件 bytecode 的几种方式
1.如果parity 已经能启动UI界面, 部署合约（有可能parity钱包不能编译）
2.使用上一篇文章 geth 搭建的mist钱包编译 可获得二进制文件 : https://www.cnblogs.com/sumingk/articles/9030469.html
我这里是使用Mist 钱包编译的合约，parity 节点部署的合约有时一直加载不出来
十二.编辑 reservedPeers.enode 文件，添加节点信息
要是添加多个parity 需要在reservedPeers.enode 添加对方enode
启动节点 ./parity --config node1.toml
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