Centos7 之安装Logstash ELK stack 日志管理系统
一、介绍
The Elastic Stack - 它不是一个软件，而是Elasticsearch，Logstash，Kibana 开源软件的集合，对外是作为一个日志管理系统的开源方案。它可以从任何来源，任何格式进行日志搜索，分析获取数据，并实时进行展示。像盾牌（安全），监护者（警报）和Marvel（监测）一样为你的产品提供更多的可能。
Elasticsearch：搜索，提供分布式全文搜索引擎
Logstash: 日志收集，管理，存储
Kibana ：日志的过滤web 展示
Filebeat：监控日志文件、转发
二、测试环境规划图
环境：ip、主机名按照如上规划，系统已经 update. 所有主机时间一致。防火墙测试环境已关闭。下面是这次elk学习的部署安装
目的：通过elk 主机收集监控主要server的系统日志、以及线上应用服务日志。
三、Elasticsearch+Logstash+Kibana的安装（在 elk.test.com 上进行操作）
3.1.基础环境检查
[root@elk ~]# hostname
elk.test.com
[root@elk ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
:: localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.30.67 elk.test.com
192.168.30.99 rsyslog.test.com
192.168.30.64 nginx.test.com
3.2.软件包
[root@elk ~]# cd elk/
[root@elk elk]# wget -c https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/release/org/elasticsearch/distribution/rpm/elasticsearch/2.3.3/elasticsearch-2.3.3.rpm
[root@elk elk]# wget -c https://download.elastic.co/logstash/logstash/packages/centos/logstash-2.3.2-1.noarch.rpm
[root@elk elk]# wget https://download.elastic.co/kibana/kibana/kibana-4.5.1-1.x86_64.rpm
[root@elk elk]# wget -c https://download.elastic.co/beats/filebeat/filebeat-1.2.3-x86_64.rpm
3.3.检查
[root@elk elk]# ls
elasticsearch-2.3..rpm filebeat-1.2.-x86_64.rpm kibana-4.5.-.x86_64.rpm logstash-2.3.-.noarch.rpm
服务器只需要安装e、l、k, 客户端只需要安装filebeat。
3.4.安装elasticsearch，先安装jdk，elk server 需要java 开发环境支持，由于客户端上使用的是filebeat软件，它不依赖java环境，所以不需要安装。
[root@elk elk]# yum install java-1.8.-openjdk -y
安装es
[root@elk elk]# yum localinstall elasticsearch-2.3..rpm -y
.....
Installing : elasticsearch-2.3.-.noarch /
### NOT starting on installation, please execute the following statements to configure elasticsearch service to start automatically using systemd
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable elasticsearch.service
### You can start elasticsearch service by executing
sudo systemctl start elasticsearch.service
Verifying : elasticsearch-2.3.-.noarch / Installed:
elasticsearch.noarch :2.3.-1
重新载入 systemd，扫描新的或有变动的单元；启动并加入开机自启动
[root@elk elk]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@elk elk]# systemctl enable elasticsearch
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/elasticsearch.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service.
[root@elk elk]# systemctl start elasticsearch
[root@elk elk]# systemctl status elasticsearch
● elasticsearch.service - Elasticsearch
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri -- :: CST; 12s ago
Docs: http://www.elastic.co
Process: ExecStartPre=/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-systemd-pre-exec (code=exited, status=/SUCCESS)
Main PID: (java)
CGroup: /system.slice/elasticsearch.service
└─ /bin/java -Xms256m -Xmx1g -Djava.awt.headless=true -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancy... May :: elk.test.com elasticsearch[]: [-- ::,][INFO ][env ] [James Howlett] heap...[true]
May :: elk.test.com elasticsearch[]: [-- ::,][WARN ][env ] [James Howlett] max ...]
May :: elk.test.com elasticsearch[]: [-- ::,][INFO ][node ] [James Howlett] initialized
May :: elk.test.com elasticsearch[]: [-- ::,][INFO ][node ] [James Howlett] starting ...
May :: elk.test.com elasticsearch[]: [-- ::,][INFO ][transport ] [James Howlett] publ...:}
May :: elk.test.com elasticsearch[]: [-- ::,][INFO ][discovery ] [James Howlett] elas...xx35hw
May :: elk.test.com elasticsearch[]: [-- ::,][INFO ][cluster.service ] [James Howlett] new_...eived)
May :: elk.test.com elasticsearch[]: [-- ::,][INFO ][gateway ] [James Howlett] reco..._state
May :: elk.test.com elasticsearch[]: [-- ::,][INFO ][http ] [James Howlett] publ...:}
May :: elk.test.com elasticsearch[]: [-- ::,][INFO ][node ] [James Howlett] started
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
检查服务
[root@elk elk]# rpm -qc elasticsearch
/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
/etc/elasticsearch/logging.yml
/etc/init.d/elasticsearch
/etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch
/usr/lib/sysctl.d/elasticsearch.conf
/usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/elasticsearch.conf
[root@elk elk]# netstat -nltp | grep java
tcp6 127.0.0.1: :::* LISTEN /java
tcp6 ::: :::* LISTEN /java
tcp6 127.0.0.1: :::* LISTEN /java
tcp6 ::: :::* LISTEN /java
修改防火墙，将9200、9300 端口对外开放
[root@elk elk]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port={/tcp,/tcp}
success
[root@elk elk]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@elk elk]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (default, active)
interfaces: eno16777984 eno33557248
sources:
services: dhcpv6-client ssh
ports: /tcp /tcp
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
3.5 安装kibana
[root@elk elk]# yum localinstall kibana-4.5.-.x86_64.rpm –y
[root@elk elk]# systemctl enable kibana
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kibana.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kibana.service.
[root@elk elk]# systemctl start kibana [root@elk elk]# systemctl status kibana
● kibana.service - no description given
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kibana.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri -- :: CST; 20s ago
Main PID: (node)
CGroup: /system.slice/kibana.service
└─ /opt/kibana/bin/../node/bin/node /opt/kibana/bin/../src/cli May :: elk.test.com kibana[]: {"type":"log","@timestamp":"2016-05-20T07:49:05+00:00","tags":["status","plugin:elasticsearch...
May :: elk.test.com kibana[]: {"type":"log","@timestamp":"2016-05-20T07:49:05+00:00","tags":["status","plugin:kbn_vi...lized"}
May :: elk.test.com kibana[]: {"type":"log","@timestamp":"2016-05-20T07:49:05+00:00","tags":["status","plugin:markdo...lized"}
May :: elk.test.com kibana[]: {"type":"log","@timestamp":"2016-05-20T07:49:05+00:00","tags":["status","plugin:metric...lized"}
May :: elk.test.com kibana[]: {"type":"log","@timestamp":"2016-05-20T07:49:05+00:00","tags":["status","plugin:spyMod...lized"}
May :: elk.test.com kibana[]: {"type":"log","@timestamp":"2016-05-20T07:49:05+00:00","tags":["status","plugin:status...lized"}
May :: elk.test.com kibana[]: {"type":"log","@timestamp":"2016-05-20T07:49:05+00:00","tags":["status","plugin:table_...lized"}
May :: elk.test.com kibana[]: {"type":"log","@timestamp":"2016-05-20T07:49:05+00:00","tags":["listening","info"],"pi...:5601"}
May :: elk.test.com kibana[]: {"type":"log","@timestamp":"2016-05-20T07:49:10+00:00","tags":["status","plugin:elasticsearch...
May :: elk.test.com kibana[]: {"type":"log","@timestamp":"2016-05-20T07:49:14+00:00","tags":["status","plugin:elasti...found"}
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
检查kibana服务运行（Kibana默认 进程名：node ，端口5601）
[root@elk elk]# netstat -nltp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0.0.0.0: 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN /sshd
tcp 127.0.0.1: 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN /master
tcp 0.0.0.0: 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN /node
修改防火墙，对外开放tcp/5601
[root@elk elk]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=/tcp
Success
[root@elk elk]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@elk elk]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (default, active)
interfaces: eno16777984 eno33557248
sources:
services: dhcpv6-client ssh
ports: /tcp /tcp /tcp
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
这时，我们可以打开浏览器，测试访问一下kibana服务器http://192.168.30.67:5601/，确认没有问题，如下图：
在这里，我们可以修改防火墙，将用户访问80端口连接转发到5601上，这样可以直接输入网址不用指定端口了，如下:
[root@elk elk]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-forward-port=port=:proto=tcp:toport=
[root@elk elk]# firewall-cmd --reload
[root@elk elk]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (default, active)
interfaces: eno16777984 eno33557248
sources:
services: dhcpv6-client ssh
ports: /tcp /tcp /tcp
masquerade: no
forward-ports: port=:proto=tcp:toport=:toaddr=
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
3.6 安装logstash，以及添加配置文件
[root@elk elk]# yum localinstall logstash-2.3.-.noarch.rpm –y
生成证书
[root@elk elk]# cd /etc/pki/tls/
[root@elk tls]# ls
cert.pem certs misc openssl.cnf private [root@elk tls]# openssl req -subj '/CN=elk.test.com/' -x509 -days -batch -nodes -newkey rsa: -keyout private/logstash-forwarder.key -out
certs/logstash-forwarder.crt
Generating a bit RSA private key
...................................................................+++
......................................................+++
writing new private key to 'private/logstash-forwarder.key'
-----
之后创建logstash 的配置文件。如下：
[root@elk ~]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/-logstash-initial.conf
input {
beats {
port =>
type => "logs"
ssl => true
ssl_certificate => "/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt"
ssl_key => "/etc/pki/tls/private/logstash-forwarder.key"
}
} filter {
if [type] == "syslog-beat" {
grok {
match => { "message" => "%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:syslog_timestamp} %{SYSLOGHOST:syslog_hostname} %{DATA:syslog_program}(?:\[%{POSINT:syslog_pid}\])?: %{GREEDYDATA:syslog_message}" }
add_field => [ "received_at", "%{@timestamp}" ]
add_field => [ "received_from", "%{host}" ]
}
geoip {
source => "clientip"
}
syslog_pri {}
date {
match => [ "syslog_timestamp", "MMM d HH:mm:ss", "MMM dd HH:mm:ss" ]
}
}
} output {
elasticsearch { }
stdout { codec => rubydebug }
}
启动logstash，并检查端口，配置文件里，我们写的是5000端口
[root@elk conf.d]# systemctl start logstash
[root@elk elk]# /sbin/chkconfig logstash on
[root@elk conf.d]# netstat -ntlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0.0.0.0: 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN /sshd
tcp 127.0.0.1: 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN /master
tcp 0.0.0.0: 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN /node
tcp 0.0.0.0: 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN /rsyslogd
tcp6 ::: :::* LISTEN /java
tcp6 ::: :::* LISTEN /mysqld
tcp6 127.0.0.1: :::* LISTEN /java
tcp6 ::: :::* LISTEN /java
tcp6 127.0.0.1: :::* LISTEN /java
tcp6 ::: :::* LISTEN /java
tcp6 ::: :::* LISTEN /sshd
tcp6 ::: :::* LISTEN /master
tcp6 ::: :::* LISTEN /rsyslogd
修改防火墙，将5000端口对外开放。
[root@elk ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=/tcp
success
[root@elk ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@elk ~]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (default, active)
interfaces: eno16777984 eno33557248
sources:
services: dhcpv6-client ssh
ports: /tcp /tcp /tcp /tcp
masquerade: no
forward-ports: port=:proto=tcp:toport=:toaddr=
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
3.7 修改elasticsearch 配置文件
查看目录，创建文件夹es-01（名字不是必须的）,logging.yml是自带的，elasticsearch.yml是创建的文件，内如见下：
[root@elk ~]# cd /etc/elasticsearch/
[root@elk elasticsearch]# tree
.
├── es-
│ ├── elasticsearch.yml
│ └── logging.yml
└── scripts
[root@elk elasticsearch]# cat es-/elasticsearch.yml
----
http:
port:
network:
host: elk.test.com
node:
name: elk.test.com
path:
data: /etc/elasticsearch/data/es-
3.8 重启elasticsearch、logstash服务。
3.9 将 fiebeat安装包拷贝到 rsyslog、nginx 客户端上
[root@elk elk]# scp filebeat-1.2.-x86_64.rpm root@rsyslog.test.com:/root/elk
[root@elk elk]# scp filebeat-1.2.-x86_64.rpm root@nginx.test.com:/root/elk
[root@elk elk]# scp /etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt rsyslog.test.com:/root/elk
[root@elk elk]# scp /etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt nginx.test.com:/root/elk
四、客户端部署filebeat（在rsyslog、nginx客户端上操作）
filebeat客户端是一个轻量级的，从服务器上的文件收集日志资源的工具，这些日志转发到处理到Logstash服务器上。该Filebeat客户端使用安全的Beats协议与Logstash实例通信。lumberjack协议被设计为可靠性和低延迟。Filebeat使用托管源数据的计算机的计算资源，并且Beats输入插件尽量减少对Logstash的资源需求。
4.1.（node1）安装filebeat，拷贝证书，创建收集日志配置文件
[root@rsyslog elk]# yum localinstall filebeat-1.2.-x86_64.rpm -y
#拷贝证书到本机指定目录中
[root@rsyslog elk]# cp logstash-forwarder.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/.
[root@rsyslog elk]# cd /etc/filebeat/
[root@rsyslog filebeat]# tree
.
├── conf.d
│ ├── authlogs.yml
│ └── syslogs.yml
├── filebeat.template.json
└── filebeat.yml directory, files
修改的文件有3个，filebeat.yml，是定义连接logstash 服务器的配置。conf.d目录下的2个配置文件是自定义监控日志的，下面看下各自的内容：
filebeat.yml
[root@rsyslog filebeat]# cat filebeat.yml
filebeat:
spool_size:
idle_timeout: 5s
registry_file: .filebeat
config_dir: /etc/filebeat/conf.d
output:
logstash:
hosts:
- elk.test.com:
tls:
certificate_authorities: ["/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt"]
enabled: true
shipper: {}
logging: {}
runoptions: {}
authlogs.yml & syslogs.yml
[root@rsyslog filebeat]# cat conf.d/authlogs.yml
filebeat:
prospectors:
- paths:
- /var/log/secure
encoding: plain
fields_under_root: false
input_type: log
ignore_older: 24h
document_type: syslog-beat
scan_frequency: 10s
harvester_buffer_size:
tail_files: false
force_close_files: false
backoff: 1s
max_backoff: 1s
backoff_factor:
partial_line_waiting: 5s
max_bytes: [root@rsyslog filebeat]# cat conf.d/syslogs.yml
filebeat:
prospectors:
- paths:
- /var/log/messages
encoding: plain
fields_under_root: false
input_type: log
ignore_older: 24h
document_type: syslog-beat
scan_frequency: 10s
harvester_buffer_size:
tail_files: false
force_close_files: false
backoff: 1s
max_backoff: 1s
backoff_factor:
partial_line_waiting: 5s
max_bytes:
修改完成后，启动filebeat服务
[root@rsyslog filebeat]# service filebeat start
Starting filebeat: [ OK ]
[root@rsyslog filebeat]# chkconfig filebeat on [root@rsyslog filebeat]# netstat -altp
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp localhost: *:* LISTEN /python2
tcp *:ssh *:* LISTEN /sshd
tcp localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN /cupsd
tcp localhost:smtp *:* LISTEN /master
tcp rsyslog.test.com: elk.test.com:commplex-main ESTABLISHED /filebeat
tcp rsyslog.test.com:ssh 192.168.30.65: ESTABLISHED /sshd
tcp *:ssh *:* LISTEN /sshd
tcp localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN /cupsd
tcp localhost:smtp *:* LISTEN /master
如果连接不上，状态不正常的话，检查下客户端的防火墙。
4.2. （node2）安装filebeat，拷贝证书，创建收集日志配置文件
[root@nginx elk]# yum localinstall filebeat-1.2.-x86_64.rpm -y
[root@nginx elk]# cp logstash-forwarder.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/.
[root@nginx elk]# cd /etc/filebeat/
[root@nginx filebeat]# tree
.
├── conf.d
│ ├── nginx.yml
│ └── syslogs.yml
├── filebeat.template.json
└── filebeat.yml directory, files
修改filebeat.yml 内容如下：
[root@rsyslog filebeat]# cat filebeat.yml
filebeat:
spool_size:
idle_timeout: 5s
registry_file: .filebeat
config_dir: /etc/filebeat/conf.d
output:
logstash:
hosts:
- elk.test.com:
tls:
certificate_authorities: ["/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt"]
enabled: true
shipper: {}
logging: {}
runoptions: {}
syslogs.yml & nginx.yml
[root@nginx filebeat]# cat conf.d/syslogs.yml
filebeat:
prospectors:
- paths:
- /var/log/messages
encoding: plain
fields_under_root: false
input_type: log
ignore_older: 24h
document_type: syslog-beat
scan_frequency: 10s
harvester_buffer_size:
tail_files: false
force_close_files: false
backoff: 1s
max_backoff: 1s
backoff_factor:
partial_line_waiting: 5s
max_bytes: [root@nginx filebeat]# cat conf.d/nginx.yml
filebeat:
prospectors:
- paths:
- /var/log/nginx/access.log
encoding: plain
fields_under_root: false
input_type: log
ignore_older: 24h
document_type: syslog-beat
scan_frequency: 10s
harvester_buffer_size:
tail_files: false
force_close_files: false
backoff: 1s
max_backoff: 1s
backoff_factor:
partial_line_waiting: 5s
max_bytes:
修改完成后，启动filebeat服务，并检查filebeat进程
[root@nginx filebeat]# service filebeat start
Starting filebeat: [ OK ]
[root@nginx filebeat]# chkconfig filebeat on [root@nginx filebeat]# netstat -aulpt
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp *:ssh *:* LISTEN /sshd
tcp localhost:smtp *:* LISTEN /master
tcp *:http *:* LISTEN /nginx
tcp nginx.test.com:ssh 192.168.30.65: ESTABLISHED /sshd
tcp nginx.test.com: elk.test.com:commplex-main ESTABLISHED /filebeat
tcp nginx.test.com:ssh 192.168.30.65: ESTABLISHED /sshd
tcp nginx.test.com:ssh 192.168.30.65: ESTABLISHED /sshd
tcp *:ssh *:* LISTEN /sshd
通过上面可以看出，客户端filebeat进程已经和 elk 服务器连接了。下面去验证。
五、验证，访问kibana http://192.168.30.67
5.1 设置下
查看下两台机器的系统日志：node1的
node2的nginx 访问日志
六、体验
之前在学习rsyslog +LogAnalyzer，然后又学了这个之后，发现elk 不管从整体系统，还是体验都是不错的，而且更新快。后续会继续学习，更新相关的监控过滤日志方法，日志分析，以及使用kafka 来进行存储的架构。
本文章属于原创，如果觉得有价值，转载时请注明出处。谢谢
参考网站：https://www.elastic.co/products/elasticsearch
https://www.elastic.co/downloads
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