这里以Eclipse创建Maven工程来演示。

Setp-1 创建Maven项目

File ---> New ---> Maven Project

---> 默认勾选"Use default Workspace location"，点击Next

--->选择maven-archetype-quickstart，点击Next

---> 设置必要的项目参数, 然后点击Finish创建Maven工程

Group Id : 项目组织的唯一标识符，实际对应JAVA的包结构，一般都是组织域名的反写形式
Artifact Id : 项目的唯一标识符，实际对应项目的名称，就是项目根目录的名称
Version : 项目的版本
Pacaking : 项目的打包方式，默认为jar

这里我们依次建立aaa、bbb、ccc三个Maven项目

  <groupId>testDep.AAA</groupId>

  <artifactId>aaa</artifactId>

  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <groupId>testDep.BBB</groupId>

  <artifactId>bbb</artifactId>

  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <groupId>testDep.CCC</groupId>

  <artifactId>ccc</artifactId>

  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <packaging>jar</packaging>

Setp-2 建立依赖

编写pom.xml文件，并建立依赖关系

bbb依赖aaa，ccc依赖bbb ： aaa--->bbb--->ccc

aaa

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>testDep.AAA</groupId>

  <artifactId>aaa</artifactId>

  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>aaa</name>

  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>

    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

  </properties>

  <dependencies>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>junit</groupId>

      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>

      <version>3.8.1</version>

      <scope>test</scope>

    </dependency>

  </dependencies>

</project>

bbb

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>testDep.BBB</groupId>

  <artifactId>bbb</artifactId>

  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>bbb</name>

  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>

    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

  </properties>

  <dependencies>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>junit</groupId>

      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>

      <version>3.8.1</version>

      <scope>test</scope>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>testDep.AAA</groupId>

      <artifactId>aaa</artifactId>

      <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

    </dependency>

  </dependencies>

</project>

ccc

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>testDep.CCC</groupId>

  <artifactId>ccc</artifactId>

  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>ccc</name>

  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>

    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

  </properties>

  <dependencies>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>junit</groupId>

      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>

      <version>3.8.1</version>

      <scope>test</scope>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>testDep.BBB</groupId>

      <artifactId>bbb</artifactId>

      <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

    </dependency>

  </dependencies>

</project>

Setp-3 编译并安装到本地仓库

注意：

需要引入的依赖jar包必须在仓库存在，否则会提示报错。这里通过mvn install安装在本地仓库。

编译aaa：

选中pom.xml文件，鼠标右键Run AS--->Maven build---》在弹出的界面，填写Goals内容：compile，然后Run

如果需要再次运行，可以在填写Goals内容：clean compile，然后Run

安装aaa：

选中pom.xml文件，鼠标右键Run AS--->Maven install

[INFO] Scanning for projects...

[INFO]

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] Building aaa 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ aaa ---

[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.

[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\aaa\src\main\resources

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ aaa ---

[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ aaa ---

[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.

[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\aaa\src\test\resources

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ aaa ---

[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ aaa ---

[INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\aaa\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------

 T E S T S

-------------------------------------------------------

Running testDep.AAA.aaa.AppTest

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.005 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ aaa ---

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ aaa ---

[INFO] Installing D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\aaa\target\aaa-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar to D:\DownLoadFiles\apache-maven-repo\testDep\AAA\aaa\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\aaa-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

[INFO] Installing D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\aaa\pom.xml to D:\DownLoadFiles\apache-maven-repo\testDep\AAA\aaa\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\aaa-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.pom

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] Total time: 2.416 s

[INFO] Finished at: 2017-10-23T17:39:34+08:00

[INFO] Final Memory: 12M/309M

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

安装bbb

[INFO] Scanning for projects...

[INFO]

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] Building bbb 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ bbb ---

[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.

[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\bbb\src\main\resources

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ bbb ---

[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ bbb ---

[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.

[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\bbb\src\test\resources

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ bbb ---

[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!

[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\bbb\target\test-classes

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ bbb ---

[INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\bbb\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------

 T E S T S

-------------------------------------------------------

Running testDep.BBB.bbb.AppTest

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.006 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ bbb ---

[INFO] Building jar: D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\bbb\target\bbb-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ bbb ---

[INFO] Installing D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\bbb\target\bbb-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar to D:\DownLoadFiles\apache-maven-repo\testDep\BBB\bbb\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\bbb-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

[INFO] Installing D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\bbb\pom.xml to D:\DownLoadFiles\apache-maven-repo\testDep\BBB\bbb\0.0.1-SNAPSHOT\bbb-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.pom

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] Total time: 3.139 s

[INFO] Finished at: 2017-10-23T17:42:54+08:00

[INFO] Final Memory: 16M/212M

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

编译ccc

[INFO] Scanning for projects...

[INFO]

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] Building ccc 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ ccc ---

[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.

[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\ccc\src\main\resources

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ ccc ---

[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!

[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\ccc\target\classes

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] Total time: 1.928 s

[INFO] Finished at: 2017-10-23T17:43:37+08:00

[INFO] Final Memory: 15M/293M

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Setp-4 查看依赖传递结果

通过包浏览器可以看到各自的Maven依赖关系。

bbb依赖aaa，引入了aaa
ccc依赖bbb，并且通过bbb间接依赖aaa，因此引入了aaa

Setp-5 排除依赖

在ccc项目的pom文件中添加如下内容，来排除aaa的依赖

    <exclusions>

      <exclusion>

        <groupId>testDep.AAA</groupId>

        <artifactId>aaa</artifactId>

      </exclusion>

    </exclusions>

修改pom.xml文件

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>testDep.CCC</groupId>

  <artifactId>ccc</artifactId>

  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>ccc</name>

  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>

    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

  </properties>

  <dependencies>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>junit</groupId>

      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>

      <version>3.8.1</version>

      <scope>test</scope>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

      <groupId>testDep.BBB</groupId>

      <artifactId>bbb</artifactId>

      <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <exclusions>

      <exclusion>

        <groupId>testDep.AAA</groupId>

        <artifactId>aaa</artifactId>

      </exclusion>

    </exclusions>

    </dependency>

  </dependencies>

</project>

依赖关系发生改变，不再引入aaa。

编译ccc

[INFO] Scanning for projects...

[INFO]

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] Building ccc 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ ccc ---

[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.

[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\Anliven-Running\Zen\EclipseProjects\ccc\src\main\resources

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ ccc ---

[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] Total time: 1.217 s

[INFO] Finished at: 2017-10-23T17:57:03+08:00

[INFO] Final Memory: 8M/245M

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

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