Linux下wc命令统计文件行数/词数/字符数/最长行字符数

wc命令帮助

$ wc --help
Usage: wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...
  or:  wc [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Print newline, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if
more than one FILE is specified.  A word is a non-zero-length sequence of
characters delimited by white space.
 
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
 
The options below may be used to select which counts are printed, always in
the following order: newline, word, character, byte, maximum line length.
  -c, --bytes            print the byte counts
  -m, --chars            print the character counts
  -l, --lines            print the newline counts
      --files0-from=F    read input from the files specified by
                           NUL-terminated names in file F;
                           If F is - then read names from standard input
  -L, --max-line-length  print the maximum display width
  -w, --words            print the word counts
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit
 
GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/wc>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) wc invocation'

命令使用

统计行数

$ wc -l /usr/share/dict/american-english
 /usr/share/dict/american-english

统计词数

$ wc -w /usr/share/dict/american-english
 /usr/share/dict/american-english

统计字符数

wc -m /usr/share/dict/american-english
 /usr/share/dict/american-english

统计字节数

wc -c /usr/share/dict/american-english
 /usr/share/dict/american-english

注意-c和-m的区别在于对于多字节字符, 例如GBK, UTF-8编码的中文, 在-m中记一个, 在-c中记多个, 例如下面的测试, ubuntu默认编码是UTF-8, 中文是3个字节

$ echo -n "123,  测试"|wc -c
 
$ echo -n "123,  测试"|wc -m

统计最长的行

$ wc -L /usr/share/dict/american-english
 /usr/share/dict/american-english

如果只希望获取数字, 不打印文件名, 可以通过以下两种方法, 从节约内存的角度看, 推荐前一种方法

$ wc -l /usr/share/dict/american-english | awk '{print $1}'
 
$ cat /usr/share/dict/american-english | wc -l