1、权限的概念；

2、RBAC的设计；

3、注册登录用户所有权限到session中；

4、权限的校验；

5、基于中间件的权限校验；

1、权限的概念；

1.1 项目与应用；

  • Project
  • App

1.2 什么是权限？一个URL就是一个权限；

　　1.2.1 who what how  <------>True or False

　　1.2.2 表相关，如UserInfo、Permission、UserInfo_Permission；

　　1.2.3 管理员权限，比如腾旭视频的VIP会员，这个世界上权限无处不在；

　　1.2.4 应用范围最广泛；

　　1.2.5 Who、What、How------>True Or Flase

2、RBAC的设计；

2.1 不同的角色设置不同的权限；

2.2 新增一张Role（角色表）；

  • UserInfo
  • Role
  • Permission

2.3 rbac（Role base access control）

3、注册登录用户所有权限到session中；

3.1 基于rbac/models.py生成关系表;

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class User(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    roles = models.ManyToManyField(to="Role")

    def __str__(self):

        return self.name

class Role(models.Model):

    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    permissions = models.ManyToManyField(to="Permission")

    def __str__(self):

        return self.title

class Permission(models.Model):

    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    url = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    def __str__(self):

        return self.title

2、进行数据库迁移操作；

python manage.py makemigrations

python migrate

3、在rbac/admin.py中进行register注册操作；

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.

from .models import *

admin.site.register(User)

admin.site.register(Role)

admin.site.register(Permission)

4、进行超级用户的创建cuixiaozhao；

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.17134.1]

(c) 2018 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

(venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\s9day82_rbac>python manage.py startapp rbac

(venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\s9day82_rbac>python manage.py makemigrations

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "manage.py", line 15, in <module>

    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)

  File "C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\s9day82_rbac\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line

    utility.execute()

  File "C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\s9day82_rbac\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 375, in execute

    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)

  File "C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\s9day82_rbac\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 316, in run_from_argv

    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)

  File "C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\s9day82_rbac\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 350, in execute

    self.check()

  File "C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\s9day82_rbac\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 379, in check

    include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks,

  File "C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\s9day82_rbac\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 366, in _run_checks

    return checks.run_checks(**kwargs)

  File "C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\s9day82_rbac\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\registry.py", line 71, in run_checks

    new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs)

  File "C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\s9day82_rbac\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\urls.py", line 40, in check_url_namespaces_unique

    all_namespaces = _load_all_namespaces(resolver)

  File "C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\s9day82_rbac\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\urls.py", line 57, in _load_all_namespaces

    url_patterns = getattr(resolver, 'url_patterns', [])

  File "C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\s9day82_rbac\venv\lib\site-packages\django\utils\functional.py", line 37, in __get__

    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)

  File "C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\s9day82_rbac\venv\lib\site-packages\django\urls\resolvers.py", line 533, in url_patterns

    patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)

  File "C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\s9day82_rbac\venv\lib\site-packages\django\utils\functional.py", line 37, in __get__

    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)

  File "C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\s9day82_rbac\venv\lib\site-packages\django\urls\resolvers.py", line 526, in urlconf_module

    return import_module(self.urlconf_name)

  File "C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module

    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)

  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import

  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load

  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked

  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked

  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module

  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed

  File "C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\s9day82_rbac\s9day82_rbac\urls.py", line 18, in <module>

    from app01 import views

  File "C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\s9day82_rbac\app01\views.py", line 5

    user_id = request.

                     ^

SyntaxError: invalid syntax

(venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\s9day82_rbac>python manage.py makemigrations

Migrations for 'app01':

  app01\migrations\0001_initial.py

    - Create model User

Migrations for 'rbac':

  rbac\migrations\0001_initial.py

    - Create model Permission

    - Create model Role

    - Create model User

(venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\s9day82_rbac>python manage.py migrate

Operations to perform:

  Apply all migrations: admin, app01, auth, contenttypes, rbac, sessions

Running migrations:

  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK

  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK

  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK

  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK

  Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK

  Applying app01.0001_initial... OK

  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK

  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK

  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK

  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK

  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK

  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK

  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK

  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK

  Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK

  Applying rbac.0001_initial... OK

  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

(venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\s9day82_rbac>python manage.py createsuperuser

Username (leave blank to use 'tqtl911'): cuixiaozhao

Email address: tqtl@tqtl.org

Password:

Password (again):

This password is too common.

Bypass password validation and create user anyway? [y/N]: y

Superuser created successfully.

(venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\s9day82_rbac>

5、启动Django项目，进行admin后台访问；

6、分别通过前端页面，进行Permission、Role、User的添加操作；

7、在settings.py中添加INSTALLED_APPS并配置urls.py;

"""s9day82_rbac URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:

    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/

Examples:

Function views

    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views

    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')

Class-based views

    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home

    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')

Including another URLconf

    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path

    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))

"""

from django.contrib import admin

from django.urls import path

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [

    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    path('users/', views.users),

    path('^/users/add', views.add_user),

    path('^roles/', views.roles),

    path('login/', views.login),

]

8、编写视图函数views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

from rbac.models import *

def users(request):

    user_list = User.objects.all()

    return render(request, "users.html", locals())

def add_user(request):

    return HttpResponse("add_user")

def roles(request):

    user_list = User.objects.all()

    return render(request, "users.html", locals())

def login(request):

    if request.method == "POST":

        user = request.POST.get("user")

        pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")

        user_obj = User.objects.filter(name=user, pwd=pwd).first()

        if user_obj:

            # 在session中注册用户的ID；

            request.session["user_id"] = user.pk

            '''

            在session中注册权限列表;

            '''

            # #查询当前登录用的所有角色;

            # ret = user_obj.roles.all()

            # print(ret)#<QuerySet [<Role: 保洁>, <Role: 销售>]>

            # 查询当前登录用的所有权限;

            # ret = user_obj.roles.all().values("title")

            # ret = user_obj.roles.all().values("title",

            #                                  "permissions__url")  # <QuerySet [{'title': '保洁', 'permissions__url': '/users/'}, {'title': '销售', 'permissions__url': '/users/'}, {'title': '销售', 'permissions__url': '/users/add'}]>

            permissions = user_obj.roles.all().values(

                "permissions__url").distinct()  # <QuerySet [{'permissions__url': '/users/'}, {'permissions__url': '/users/add'}]>

            permission_list = []  # 定义一个空列表;

            for item in permissions:

                permission_list.append(item["permissions__url"])

            print(permission_list)  # ['/users/', '/users/add']

            request.session["permission_list"] = permission_list

            '''

            values:

            temp = []

            for role in user.roles.all(): #[<Role:保洁>,<Role:销售>]

            temp.append({

            "title":role.title,#<QuerySet [{'title': '保洁'}, {'title': '销售'}]>

            })

            '''

            return HttpResponse("登录成功！")

    return render(request, "login.html")

9、编写templates下的login.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

    <style type="text/css">

    </style>

</head>

<body>

<h4>登录页面</h4>

<form action="" method="post">

    {% csrf_token %}

    用户名: <input type="text" name="user"></input>

    密码: <input type="password" name="pwd"></input>

    <input type="submit">

</form>

</body>

</html>

users.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

    <style type="text/css">

    </style>

</head>

<body>

<ul>

    <h4>用户列表</h4>

    {% for user in user_list %}

        <p>{{ user }}</p>

    {% endfor %}

</ul>

</body>

</html>

4、权限的校验；

1、一个含有正则表达式的URL就是一个权限；

2、permission = “^%s$”%permission;

urls.py;

"""s9day82_rbac URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:

    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/

Examples:

Function views

    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views

    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')

Class-based views

    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home

    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')

Including another URLconf

    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path

    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))

"""

from django.contrib import admin

from django.urls import path

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [

    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    path('users/', views.users),

    path('users/add', views.add_user),

    path('roles/', views.roles),

    path('login/', views.login),

]

views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

from rbac.models import *

def users(request):

    user_list = User.objects.all()

    return render(request, "users.html", locals())

def add_user(request):

    permission_list = request.session[

        "permission_list"]  # ['/users/', '/users/add', '/users/delete/(\\d+)', 'users/edit(\\d+)']

    current_path = request.path_info

    if current_path in permission_list:

        pass

    return HttpResponse("add_user")

def roles(request):

    user_list = User.objects.all()

    return render(request, "users.html", locals())

def login(request):

    if request.method == "POST":

        user = request.POST.get("user")

        pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")

        user_obj = User.objects.filter(name=user, pwd=pwd).first()

        if user_obj:

            # 在session中注册用户的ID；

            request.session["user_id"] = user_obj.pk

            '''

            在session中注册权限列表;

            '''

            # #查询当前登录用的所有角色;

            # ret = user_obj.roles.all()

            # print(ret)#<QuerySet [<Role: 保洁>, <Role: 销售>]>

            # 查询当前登录用的所有权限;

            # ret = user_obj.roles.all().values("title")

            # ret = user_obj.roles.all().values("title",

            #                                  "permissions__url")  # <QuerySet [{'title': '保洁', 'permissions__url': '/users/'}, {'title': '销售', 'permissions__url': '/users/'}, {'title': '销售', 'permissions__url': '/users/add'}]>

            permissions = user_obj.roles.all().values(

                "permissions__url").distinct()  # <QuerySet [{'permissions__url': '/users/'}, {'permissions__url': '/users/add'}]>

            permission_list = []  # 定义一个空列表;

            for item in permissions:

                permission_list.append(item["permissions__url"])

            print(permission_list)  # ['/users/', '/users/add']

            request.session["permission_list"] = permission_list

            '''

            values:

            temp = []

            for role in user.roles.all(): #[<Role:保洁>,<Role:销售>]

            temp.append({

            "title":role.title,#<QuerySet [{'title': '保洁'}, {'title': '销售'}]>

            })

            '''

            return HttpResponse("登录成功！")

    return render(request, "login.html")

test.py;

from django.test import TestCase

# Create your tests here.

l = ['/users/', '/users/add', '/users/delete/(\\d+)', 'users/edit(\\d+)']

c_path = "users/delete/9"

import re

flag = False

for permission in l:

    permission = "^%s$"%permission

    ret = re.match("", c_path)

    if ret:

        flag = True

        break

if flag:

    print("Success!")

5、基于中间件的权限校验；

1、创建表关系：

2、基于admin录入数据；

3、 登录校验：

4、校验权限（中间件的应用）

5、自定义中间件，并在settings.py中配置；

6、配置白名单valid_url_list；

settings.py;

"""

Django settings for s9day82_rbac project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 2.1.

For more information on this file, see

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/

"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production

# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!

SECRET_KEY = 'lp7xgai1mm6&w^!2jj3gj6j*fd)0^%nzks)w4t$a89s@c&zwt_'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!

DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [

    'django.contrib.admin',

    'django.contrib.auth',

    'django.contrib.contenttypes',

    'django.contrib.sessions',

    'django.contrib.messages',

    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

    'app01.apps.App01Config',

    'rbac.apps.RbacConfig',

]

MIDDLEWARE = [

    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',

    'rbac.service.rbac.ValidPermission',

]

ROOT_URLCONF = 's9day82_rbac.urls'

TEMPLATES = [

    {

        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',

        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]

        ,

        'APP_DIRS': True,

        'OPTIONS': {

            'context_processors': [

                'django.template.context_processors.debug',

                'django.template.context_processors.request',

                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',

                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',

            ],

        },

    },

]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 's9day82_rbac.wsgi.application'

# Database

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {

    'default': {

        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',

        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),

    }

}

# Password validation

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [

    {

        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',

    },

    {

        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',

    },

    {

        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',

    },

    {

        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',

    },

]

# Internationalization

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)

# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

models.py;

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class User(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    roles = models.ManyToManyField(to="Role")

    def __str__(self):

        return self.name

class Role(models.Model):

    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    permissions = models.ManyToManyField(to="Permission")

    def __str__(self):

        return self.title

class Permission(models.Model):

    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    url = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    def __str__(self):

        return self.title

urls.py;

"""s9day82_rbac URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:

    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/

Examples:

Function views

    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views

    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')

Class-based views

    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home

    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')

Including another URLconf

    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path

    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))

"""

from django.contrib import admin

from django.urls import path

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [

    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    path('users/', views.users),

    path('users/add', views.add_user),

    path('roles/', views.roles),

    path('login/', views.login),

]

views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

from rbac.models import *

from rbac.service.permissions import *

import re

def users(request):

    user_list = User.objects.all()

    return render(request, "users.html", locals())

def add_user(request):

    return HttpResponse("add_user")

def roles(request):

    #写个中间件;

    role_list = Role.objects.all()

    return render(request, "roles.html", locals())

def login(request):

    if request.method == "POST":

        user = request.POST.get("user")

        pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")

        user_obj = User.objects.filter(name=user, pwd=pwd).first()

        if user_obj:

            # 在session中注册用户的ID；

            request.session["user_id"] = user_obj.pk

            '''

            在session中注册权限列表;

            '''

            # #查询当前登录用的所有角色;

            # ret = user_obj.roles.all()

            # print(ret)#<QuerySet [<Role: 保洁>, <Role: 销售>]>

            # 查询当前登录用的所有权限;

            # ret = user_obj.roles.all().values("title")

            # ret = user_obj.roles.all().values("title",

            #                                  "permissions__url")  # <QuerySet [{'title': '保洁', 'permissions__url': '/users/'}, {'title': '销售', 'permissions__url': '/users/'}, {'title': '销售', 'permissions__url': '/users/add'}]>

            #查询当前登录用户的所有权限;

            initial_session(user_obj,request)

            '''

            values:

            temp = []

            for role in user.roles.all(): #[<Role:保洁>,<Role:销售>]

            temp.append({

            "title":role.title,#<QuerySet [{'title': '保洁'}, {'title': '销售'}]>

            })

            '''

            return HttpResponse("登录成功！")

    return render(request, "login.html")

permissions.py;

#!/usr/bin/env python3

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

# __Author__:TQTL911

# Version:python3.6.6

# Time:2018/8/29 22:28

def initial_session(user_obj,request):

    permissions = user_obj.roles.all().values(

        "permissions__url").distinct()  # <QuerySet [{'permissions__url': '/users/'}, {'permissions__url': '/users/add'}]>

    permission_list = []  # 定义一个空列表;

    for item in permissions:

        permission_list.append(item["permissions__url"])

    print(permission_list)  # ['/users/', '/users/add']

    request.session["permission_list"] = permission_list

rbac.py;

#!/usr/bin/env python3

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

# __Author__:TQTL911

# Version:python3.6.6

# Time:2018/8/29 22:03

from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin

from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, redirect

import re

class ValidPermission(MiddlewareMixin):

    def process_request(self, request):

        # 当前访问的路径;

        current_path = request.path_info

        # 校验权限，检查是否属于白名单；

        varlid_url_list = ["/login/", "/reg/", "/admin/.*"]

        for valid_url in varlid_url_list:

            ret = re.match(valid_url, current_path)

            if ret:

                return None

        # 校验是否登录；

        user_id = request.session.get("user_id")

        if not user_id:

            return redirect("/login/")

        if current_path in varlid_url_list:

            return None

        # 权限的校验；

        permission_list = request.session.get("permission_list",

                                              [])  # ['/users/', '/users/add', '/users/delete/(\\d+)', 'users/edit(\\d+)']

        flag = False

        for permission in permission_list:

            permission = "^%s$" % permission

            ret = re.match(permission, current_path)

            if ret:

                flag = True

                break

        if not flag:

            return HttpResponse("没有访问权限")

        return None

tests.py;

from django.test import TestCase

# Create your tests here.

l = ['/users/', '/users/add', '/users/delete/(\\d+)', 'users/edit(\\d+)']

c_path = "users/delete/9"

import re

flag = False

for permission in l:

    permission = "^%s$"%permission

    ret = re.match("", c_path)

    if ret:

        flag = True

        break

if flag:

    print("Success!")

users.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

    <style type="text/css">

    </style>

</head>

<body>

<ul>

    <h4>用户列表</h4>

    {% for user in user_list %}

        <p>{{ user }}</p>

    {% endfor %}

</ul>

</body>

</html>

roles.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>roles</title>

    <style type="text/css">

    </style>

</head>

<body>

<ul>

    <h4>角色列表</h4>

    {% for role in role_list %}

        <p>{{ role }}</p>

    {% endfor %}

</ul>

</body>

</html>　

5 权限按钮控制的简单形式；

5.1

6 权限菜单显示

7 Django的路径自动添加问题

7.1 settings.py中添加APPEND_SLASH = FALSE,默认为True，解决URL末尾路径斜杠自动添加的问题；

8 原生form实现增删改查

9 modelform实现增删改查

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