python脚本：在Ubuntu16系统上基于xtrabackup2.4和mysql5.7实现数据库数据的自动化备份和恢复，亲测有效！

1 安装教程

官网安装教程：https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-xtrabackup/2.4/installation/apt_repo.html

-----------------------------------------------------------

安装2.3版本

root@ubuntu190:/opt/xtrabackup# wget https://repo.percona.com/apt/percona-release_0.1-6.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.deb

root@ubuntu190:/opt/xtrabackup# sudo dpkg -i percona-release_0.1-6.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.deb

此时检查是否自动生成配置文件

root@ubuntu190:/opt/xtrabackup# cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/percona-release.list

该文件有内容则再执行

root@ubuntu190:/opt/xtrabackup# sudo apt-get update

root@ubuntu190:/opt/xtrabackup# sudo apt-get install percona-xtrabackup -y

报错

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree

Reading state information... Done

You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:

percona-xtrabackup-80 : Depends: libgcrypt20 (>= 1.7.0) but 1.6.5-2ubuntu0.3 is to be installed

Depends: libssl1.1 (>= 1.1.0) but it is not installable

Depends: libstdc++6 (>= 6) but 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11 is to be installed

Conflicts: percona-xtrabackup but 2.3.10-1.xenial is to be installed

percona-xtrabackup-dbg-80 : Depends: percona-xtrabackup-80 (= 8.0.11-1.xenial) but 8.0.4-1.stretch is to be installed

E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

解决

root@ubuntu190:/opt/xtrabackup# apt-get -f install -y

再次安装

root@ubuntu190:/opt/xtrabackup# sudo apt-get install percona-xtrabackup -y

查看版本

root@ubuntu190:/opt/xtrabackup# xtrabackup -version

xtrabackup version 2.3.10 based on MySQL server 5.6.24 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: bd0d4403f36)

You have new mail in /var/mail/root

此时表示安装成功。

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补充（安装2.4版本）：

我在后面使用2.3.10版本的xtrabackup执行备份时，提示我以下错误

root@ubuntu190:~# sudo innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --user=backup --password=yayun --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock /data/backup/

200527 14:21:47 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.

At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex

prints "completed OK!".

200527 14:21:48 version_check Connecting to MySQL server with DSN 'dbi:mysql:;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup;mysql_socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' as 'backup' (using password: YES).

200527 14:21:48 version_check Connected to MySQL server

200527 14:21:48 version_check Executing a version check against the server...

200527 14:21:48 version_check Done.

200527 14:21:48 Connecting to MySQL server host: localhost, user: backup, password: set, port: not set, socket: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

Error: Unsupported server version: '5.7.27-0ubuntu0.16.04.1-log'. Please report a bug at https://bugs.launchpad.net/percona-xtrabackup

root@ubuntu190:~#

原因是xtrabackup版本太老，2.3版本与mysql5.7不匹配，最好重新安装2.4版。如下：

root@ubuntu190:/opt/xtrabackup# wget https://repo.percona.com/apt/percona-release_latest.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.deb

root@ubuntu190:/opt/xtrabackup# sudo dpkg -i percona-release_latest.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.deb

root@ubuntu190:/opt/xtrabackup# cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/percona-release.list

cat: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/percona-release.list: No such file or directory

此时发现该文件中无任何内容，只能手动加入源

root@ubuntu190:/opt/xtrabackup# nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/percona-release.list

加入以下内容

#

# Percona releases, stable

#

deb http://repo.percona.com/apt xenial main

deb-src http://repo.percona.com/apt xenial main

#

# Testing & pre-release packages

#

#deb http://repo.percona.com/apt xenial testing

#deb-src http://repo.percona.com/apt xenial testing

#

# Experimental packages, use with caution!

#

#deb http://repo.percona.com/apt xenial experimental

#deb-src http://repo.percona.com/apt xenial experimental

卸载2.3版本

root@ubuntu190:/opt/xtrabackup# sudo apt-get remove percona-xtrabackup -y

安装2.4版本

root@ubuntu190:/opt/xtrabackup# sudo apt-get update

root@ubuntu190:/opt/xtrabackup# sudo apt-get install percona-xtrabackup-24 -y

查看版本

root@ubuntu190:/opt/xtrabackup# xtrabackup -version

xtrabackup: recognized server arguments: --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --tmpdir=/tmp --server-id=1 --log_bin=/var/log/mysql/mysql_bin.log

xtrabackup version 2.4.20 based on MySQL server 5.7.26 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: c8b4056)

root@ubuntu190:/opt/xtrabackup#

---

 2 自动化备份和恢复脚本

必须先清楚xtrabackup的原理和备份流程才能看懂以下代码。

import os
import time
from automatic_backup_and_recovery_mysql.tools.Ssh import Ssh

class AutoBakAndRecMysql():
    '''
    目的：自动备份和恢复远程目标服务器上的数据库集群的数据
    备份策略： 该脚本每天（24h为一个循环周期）执行一次，一共备份"bakTotalTimes"次，第1次全备份，剩下"bakTotalTimes-1"次都是增量备份，每天完成"bakTotalTimes"次备份后，
              将"bakTotalTimes-1"份增量备份目录（按照备份时间升序排列）依次恢复到当天的全备份目录，
              得到一个总的全备份目录，该目录即为当天所有数据的备份。然后将其放入另一目录下备用，该目录最多放置”totalBakDirNum“个总的全备份目录。
    运行方式：此脚本运行在堡垒机192.168.1.190上,通过ssh远程操控目标服务器
    '''

    def __init__(self, ip, sshUsername, sshPasswd, sshPort, mysqlUsername, mysqlPasswd, mysqlPort,
                 backupDir="/data/backup/",
                 fullBackupDir="/data/backup/full/",
                 incrementalBackupDir="/data/backup/incremental/",
                 totalBackupDir="/data/backup/last/",
                 totalFullBakDirNum=4,
                 totalIncBakDirNum=10,
                 totalBakDirNum=5,
                 bakInterval=2,
                 bakTotalTimes=6,
                 mysqlSocketFile="/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock",
                 mysqlCnfFile="/etc/mysql/my.cnf",
                 mysqlDataDir="/var/lib/mysql"):
        self.ip = ip
        # ssh连接信息
        self.sshUsername = sshUsername
        self.sshPasswd = sshPasswd
        self.sshPort = sshPort
        # 数据库连接信息
        self.mysqlUsername = mysqlUsername
        self.mysqlPasswd = mysqlPasswd
        self.mysqlPort = mysqlPort

        # 数据库配置信息
        self.mysqlDataDir = mysqlDataDir  # 数据库数据存储目录
        self.mysqlSocketFile = mysqlSocketFile  # 数据库主配置文件
        self.mysqlCnfFile = mysqlCnfFile  # 数据库sock文件
        # 备份
        self.backupDir = backupDir  # 备份主目录
        self.fullBackupDir = fullBackupDir  # 全量备份目录
        self.incrementalBackupDir = incrementalBackupDir  # 增量备份目录
        self.totalBackupDir = totalBackupDir  # 将每天得到的总的全备份目录放入该目录中

        self.totalFullBakDirNum = totalFullBakDirNum  # 保留几个全量备份目录
        self.totalIncBakDirNum = totalIncBakDirNum  # 保留几个增量备份目录
        self.totalBakDirNum = totalBakDirNum  # 保留几个总的全备份目录

        self.bakInterval = bakInterval  # 备份时间间隔，单位分钟
        self.bakTotalTimes = bakTotalTimes  # 总备份次数

    def getSsh(self):
        '''
        获取ssh操作对象
        :return:
        '''
        ssh = Ssh(ip=self.ip, username=self.sshUsername, password=self.sshPasswd, sshPort=self.sshPort)
        return ssh

    def judgeMysqlVersion(self):
        '''
        判断数据库版本，要求版本>=5.7，返回True表示数据库满足要求，前提：通过apt方式安装的mysql
        :return:
        '''
        cmd = "mysql -V | awk -F',' '{print $1}' | awk '{print $5}' |awk -F'.' '{print $1,$2}'"
        res = self.getSsh().runCommandToString(cmd=cmd)
        res = str(res, encoding="utf-8")
        res = res.strip("\n").split()
        res = "".join(res)
        res = int(res)  # 将版本大小转换成整型数字
        if res >= 57:
            print("%s 数据库版本>=5.7,满足要求，可以使用xtrabackup2.4" % self.ip)
            return True
        else:
            print("%s 数据库版本<=5.7,不满足要求，无法使用xtrabackup2.4" % self.ip)
            return False

    def isMysqlRun(self):
        '''
        检测数据库是否在运行,返回True表示运行。前提：通过apt方式安装的mysql
        :return:
        '''
        cmd = "service mysql status  |grep 'Active'"
        res = self.getSsh().runCommandToString(cmd)
        res = str(res, encoding="utf-8").strip("\n").split(":")
        isActive = res[1].strip().startswith("active")
        return isActive

    def countDown(self):
        '''
        指定时间的倒计时
        :return:
        '''
        for i in range(self.bakInterval, 0, -1):
            msg = u"\r系统将在 " + str(i) + " 分钟后进行下一次备份"
            print(msg, end="")
            time.sleep(60)  # 休眠60秒
        end_msg = "开始备份" + "  " * (len(msg) - len("开始备份"))  # 如果单纯只用“开始备份”4个字，无法完全覆盖之前的内容
        print(u"\r" + end_msg)

    def installXtrabackup(self):
        '''
        在Ubuntu上安装xtrabackup2.4版
        :return:
        '''
        checkXtrabackup = self.getSsh().runCommandToStringList(" xtrabackup -version")
        if checkXtrabackup[-1].find("2.4") != -1:
            print("%s xtrabackup已安装" % self.ip)
        else:
            self.getSsh().runCommandToString(
                    "wget https://repo.percona.com/apt/percona-release_latest.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.deb")
            self.getSsh().runCommandToString("sudo dpkg -i percona-release_latest.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.deb")
            res = self.getSsh().runCommandToStringList("cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/percona-release.list")

            if "No such file or directory" in res[0]:
                print("%s 更新xtrabackup源文件失败" % self.ip)
                # 此时手动加入源
                rootFilePath = os.path.dirname(__file__) + "/tools/percona-release.list"  # 堡垒机上的文件
                targetDir = "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/"  # 目标服务器上的目录
                os.system("apt install sshpass -y")
                os.system("sshpass -p  %s  scp -r  %s   %s@%s:%s" % (
                    self.sshPasswd, rootFilePath, self.sshUsername, self.ip, targetDir))  # 复制源文件到目标服务器
                res2 = self.getSsh().runCommandToStringList("cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/percona-release.list")
                if len(res2) <= 1 and "No such file or directory" in res[0]:
                    print("%s 创建xtrabackup源文件失败" % self.ip)
                else:
                    print("%s 创建xtrabackup源文件成功" % self.ip)
                    self.getSsh().runCommandToString(
                            "sudo apt-get update &&  sudo apt-get install percona-xtrabackup-24  -y")
                    res3 = self.getSsh().runCommandToStringList(" xtrabackup -version")
                    if res3[-1].find("2.4") != -1:  # 检测xtrabackup版本
                        print("%s xtrabackup安装成功" % self.ip)
                    else:
                        print("%s xtrabackup安装失败" % self.ip)

    def limitDirNums(self, flag):
        '''
        限制指定目录的子目录数量，按照创建时间降序排列，只保留时间最新的指定个数的子目录
        :param flag: 标志位，为0则限制全量备份目录，为1则限制增量备份目录,为2则限制总的全量备份目录
        :return:
        '''
        if flag == 0:
            cmd = """find  %s  -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type d -printf "%%P\n" | sort -nr | head -%s""" % (
                self.fullBackupDir, self.totalFullBakDirNum)
            res = self.getSsh().runCommandToStringList(cmd)  # 需要保留的目录
            allDirPath = self.getSsh().runCommandToStringList("ls %s" % self.fullBackupDir)
            dirDelete = [path for path in allDirPath if path not in res]  # 需要被删除的目录
            dirRootDelete = [self.fullBackupDir + path + "/" for path in dirDelete]
            [self.getSsh().runCommandToString("rm -r %s" % path) for path in dirRootDelete]
            print("%s 上的全量备份目录 %s 的子目录数量被限制为 %s 个" % (self.ip, self.fullBackupDir, self.totalFullBakDirNum))
        elif flag == 1:
            cmd2 = """find  %s  -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type d -printf "%%P\n" | sort -nr | head -%s""" % (
                self.incrementalBackupDir, self.totalIncBakDirNum)
            res2 = self.getSsh().runCommandToStringList(cmd2)  # 需要保留的目录
            allDirPath2 = self.getSsh().runCommandToStringList("ls %s" % self.incrementalBackupDir)
            dirDelete2 = [path for path in allDirPath2 if path not in res2]  # 需要被删除的目录
            dirRootDelete2 = [self.incrementalBackupDir + path + "/" for path in dirDelete2]
            [self.getSsh().runCommandToString("rm -r %s" % path) for path in dirRootDelete2]
            print("%s 上的增量备份目录 %s 的子目录数量被限制为 %s 个" % (self.ip, self.incrementalBackupDir, self.totalIncBakDirNum))
        elif flag == 2:
            cmd3 = """find  %s  -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type d -printf "%%P\n" | sort -nr | head -%s""" % (
                self.totalBackupDir, self.totalBakDirNum)
            res3 = self.getSsh().runCommandToStringList(cmd3)  # 需要保留的目录
            allDirPath3 = self.getSsh().runCommandToStringList("ls %s" % self.totalBackupDir)
            dirDelete3 = [path for path in allDirPath3 if path not in res3]  # 需要被删除的目录
            dirRootDelete3 = [self.totalBackupDir + path + "/" for path in dirDelete3]
            [self.getSsh().runCommandToString("rm -r %s" % path) for path in dirRootDelete3]
            print("%s 上的总的全量备份目录 %s 的子目录数量被限制为 %s 个" % (self.ip, self.totalBackupDir, self.totalBakDirNum))

    def singleIncrementalBak(self, baseBakDir):
        '''
        单次自动增量备份，得到一个增量备份目录
        :param baseBakDir: 备份基础目录
        :return:
        '''
        res = self.getSsh().runCommandToString(
                " innobackupex --defaults-file=%s  --user=%s  --password=%s  --host=%s  --port=%s  --socket=%s  --incremental %s  --incremental-basedir=%s  --parallel=2" % (
                    self.mysqlCnfFile, self.mysqlUsername, self.mysqlPasswd, self.ip, self.mysqlPort,
                    self.mysqlSocketFile,
                    self.incrementalBackupDir, baseBakDir))
        res = str(res, encoding="utf-8")
        if "completed OK" in res:  # 增量备份成功
            newestIncBakDir = self.getSsh().runCommandToString(
                    "find  %s   -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type d -printf '%%P\n' | sort -nr | head -1" % self.incrementalBackupDir)  # 最新备份目录
            newestIncBakDir = str(newestIncBakDir, encoding="utf-8").strip("\n")
            newestBakRootDir = self.incrementalBackupDir + newestIncBakDir  # 增量备份目录全路径
            print("%s 剩余备份次数：%s，本次增量备份成功，目录为：%s" % (self.ip, self.bakTotalTimes - 1, newestBakRootDir))
            self.bakTotalTimes -= 1
        return newestBakRootDir

    def autoFullBak(self):
        '''
        自动全量备份
        :return:
        '''
        # 先检测数据库是否运行
        isRun = self.isMysqlRun()
        if isRun:
            res = self.getSsh().runCommandToString("mkdir -p  %s" % self.fullBackupDir)
            print("%s 全量备份目录 %s 创建成功" % (self.ip, self.fullBackupDir))

            res = self.getSsh().runCommandToString(
                    "innobackupex   --defaults-file=%s   --user=%s  --password=%s   --host=%s  --port=%s    --socket=%s   %s" % (
                        self.mysqlCnfFile, self.mysqlUsername, self.mysqlPasswd, self.ip, self.mysqlPort,
                        self.mysqlSocketFile, self.fullBackupDir))
            res = str(res, encoding="utf-8")
            if "completed OK" in res:  # 备份成功
                newestFullBakDir = self.getSsh().runCommandToString(
                        "find  %s   -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type d -printf '%%P\n' | sort -nr | head -1" % self.fullBackupDir)  # 最新备份目录
                newestFullBakDir = str(newestFullBakDir, encoding="utf-8").strip("\n")
                newestFullBakRootDir = self.fullBackupDir + newestFullBakDir  # 最新全量备份目录的全路径
                # print("%s 全量备份成功，最新备份目录为：%s" % (self.ip, newestFullBakRootDir))
                return newestFullBakRootDir
            else:
                print("%s 全量备份失败" % (self.ip))
                return None
        else:
            print("%s 数据库未运行" % self.ip)
            return None

    def autoIncrementalBak(self):
        '''
        总的自动增量备份，得到单个全量备份目录和多个增量备份目录
        :return:
        '''
        bakDirList = list()  # 存放一次循环中的全量备份目录和所有增量备份目录
        res = self.getSsh().runCommandToString("mkdir -p  %s" % self.incrementalBackupDir)
        print("%s 增量备份目录 %s 创建成功" % (self.ip, self.incrementalBackupDir))

        while self.bakTotalTimes:
            newestFullBakDir = self.autoFullBak()  # 进行首次增量备份之前都先要来一次全量备份，因首次增量备份的基础是全量备份
            if newestFullBakDir is not None:  # 全量备份成功时
                print("%s 剩余备份次数：%s，本次全量备份成功，目录为：%s" % (self.ip, self.bakTotalTimes - 1, newestFullBakDir))
                bakDirList.append(newestFullBakDir)
                self.bakTotalTimes -= 1

                self.countDown()
                # 第1次增量备份
                newestBakRootDir1 = self.singleIncrementalBak(newestFullBakDir)
                bakDirList.append(newestBakRootDir1)

                self.countDown()
                # 第2次增量备份
                newestBakRootDir2 = self.singleIncrementalBak(newestBakRootDir1)
                bakDirList.append(newestBakRootDir2)

                self.countDown()
                # 第3次增量备份
                newestBakRootDir3 = self.singleIncrementalBak(newestBakRootDir2)
                bakDirList.append(newestBakRootDir3)

                self.countDown()
                # 第4次增量备份
                newestBakRootDir4 = self.singleIncrementalBak(newestBakRootDir3)
                bakDirList.append(newestBakRootDir4)

                self.countDown()
                # 第5次增量备份
                newestBakRootDir5 = self.singleIncrementalBak(newestBakRootDir4)
                bakDirList.append(newestBakRootDir5)

                return bakDirList
            else:
                print("%s 全量备份失败，所以无法进行增量备份" % self.ip)
                return None

    def getLastFullBakDir(self):
        '''
        得到最新的总的全量备份目录
        :return:
        '''
        res = self.getSsh().runCommandToString("mkdir -p  %s" % self.totalBackupDir)
        print("%s 存放总的全量备份目录的目录 %s 创建成功" % (self.ip, self.totalBackupDir))
        bakDirList = self.autoIncrementalBak()
        if bakDirList is not None:
            fullBak = bakDirList[0]  # 全量备份目录
            incBakList = bakDirList[1:-1]  # 增量备份目录列表,按照时间先后升序排列，不包含最后一个增量备份目录
            incBakLast = bakDirList[-1]  # 最后一个增量备份目录，需要去掉--redo-only参数

            res2 = self.getSsh().runCommandToString(" innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only  %s" % fullBak)
            res2 = str(res2, encoding="utf-8")
            if "completed OK" in res2:
                print("%s 恢复全量备份目录 %s 成功" % (self.ip, fullBak))
            else:
                print("%s 恢复全量备份目录 %s 失败" % (self.ip, fullBak))

            for path in incBakList:
                result = self.getSsh().runCommandToString(
                        " innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only  %s  --incremental-dir=%s" % (fullBak, path))
                result = str(result, encoding="utf-8")
                if "completed OK" in result:
                    print("%s 将增量备份目录 %s 应用到全量备份目录 %s 成功" % (self.ip, path, fullBak))
                else:
                    print("%s 将增量备份目录 %s 应用到全量备份目录 %s 失败" % (self.ip, path, fullBak))

            res3 = self.getSsh().runCommandToString(
                    " innobackupex --apply-log  %s  --incremental-dir=%s" % (fullBak, path))
            res3 = str(res3, encoding="utf-8")
            if "completed OK" in res3:
                print("%s 将最后一个增量备份目录 %s 应用到全量备份目录 %s 成功" % (self.ip, incBakLast, fullBak))
            else:
                print("%s 将最后一个增量备份目录 %s 应用到全量备份目录 %s 失败" % (self.ip, incBakLast, fullBak))

            res4 = self.getSsh().runCommandToString(" innobackupex --apply-log   %s" % fullBak)
            res4 = str(res4, encoding="utf-8")
            if "completed OK" in res4:
                print("%s 将总的全量备份目录 %s 再进行一次apply操作，用以回滚未提交的数据 成功" % (self.ip, fullBak))
            else:
                print("%s 将总的全量备份目录 %s 再进行一次apply操作，用以回滚未提交的数据 失败" % (self.ip, fullBak))

            self.getSsh().runCommandToString(
                    "cp -r  %s   %s" % (fullBak, self.totalBackupDir))  # 得到总的全量备份目录之后，将该目录复制到指定目录备用

            newestLastFullBakDir = self.getSsh().runCommandToString(
                    "find  %s   -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type d -printf '%%P\n' | sort -nr | head -1" % self.totalBackupDir)  # 最新的总的全量备份目录
            newestLastFullBakDir = str(newestLastFullBakDir, encoding="utf-8").strip("\n")
            newestLastFullBakDir = self.totalBackupDir + newestLastFullBakDir  # 最新的总的全量备份目录全路径
            return newestLastFullBakDir

    def autoRecMysql(self):
        '''
        自动恢复数据库数据
        :return:
        '''
        newestLastFullBakDir = self.getLastFullBakDir()
        dirSize = self.getSsh().runCommandToString("du  -sh  %s  | awk '{print $1}' " % newestLastFullBakDir)
        dirSize = str(dirSize, encoding="utf-8")
        print("%s 上最新的总的全量备份目录为 %s 目录大小：%s" % (self.ip, newestLastFullBakDir, dirSize))
        choice = input("%s 是否恢复数据库数据？(y/n)" % self.ip)
        if str(choice).lower() == "y":
            self.getSsh().runCommandToString("service mysql stop")
            isMysqlRun = self.isMysqlRun()
            if not isMysqlRun:  # 数据库停止服务，恢复数据之前必须关闭数据库
                print("关闭 %s mysql 成功，开始恢复数据" % self.ip)
                now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S", time.localtime(time.time()))  # 当前时间，格式2020-06-02-10-44-43
                self.getSsh().runCommandToString(" mv  %s  %s-%s" % (self.mysqlDataDir, self.mysqlDataDir, now))
                self.getSsh().runCommandToString(" mkdir %s" % self.mysqlDataDir)
                self.getSsh().runCommandToString(" innobackupex --defaults-file=%s  --copy-back --rsync  %s" % (
                    self.mysqlCnfFile, newestLastFullBakDir))  # 恢复数据
                self.getSsh().runCommandToString("chown -R mysql.mysql  %s" % self.mysqlDataDir)  # 文件和目录的所属组改为mysql
                self.getSsh().runCommandToString("service mysql start")
                isMysqlRun2 = self.isMysqlRun()
                if isMysqlRun2:
                    print("%s 数据库恢复成功" % self.ip)
                else:
                    print("%s 数据库恢复失败" % self.ip)
            else:
                print("关闭 %s mysql 失败，无法恢复数据" % self.ip)
        elif str(choice).lower() == "n":
            print("%s 已放弃恢复数据库数据" % self.ip)

    def Main(self):
        '''
        数据库数据备份和恢复主方法
        :return:
        '''
        if self.judgeMysqlVersion():
            self.installXtrabackup()
            self.autoRecMysql()

            # 限制备份相关目录的子目录数量
            self.limitDirNums(flag=0)
            self.limitDirNums(flag=1)
            self.limitDirNums(flag=2)
        else:
            pass

if __name__ == '__main__':
    autoBakAndRecMysql = AutoBakAndRecMysql(ip="192.168.1.190", sshUsername="root", sshPasswd="**", sshPort=22,
                                            mysqlUsername="root", mysqlPasswd="**", mysqlPort="", )
    # autoBakAndRecMysql.judgeMysqlVersion()
    # autoBakAndRecMysql.isMysqlRun()
    # autoBakAndRecMysql.installXtrabackup()
    # autoBakAndRecMysql.autoFullBak()
    # autoBakAndRecMysql.limitDirNums(flag=1)
    # autoBakAndRecMysql.autoIncrementalBak()
    # autoBakAndRecMysql.countDown()
    # autoBakAndRecMysql.getLastFullBakDir()
    autoBakAndRecMysql.Main()

---

上面代码中用到的工具类如下：

import os
import sys

import time

class Ssh():
    '''
    ssh远程连接工具
    '''

    def __init__(self, ip, username, password, sshPort):
        '''
        ssh远程连接信息，即目标服务器的ssh登录信息
        :param ip:
        :param username:
        :param password:
        :param sshPort:
        :return:
        '''
        self.ip = ip
        self.username = username
        self.passwprd = password
        self.sshPort = sshPort

    def runCommandToString(self, cmd):
        '''
        远程执行单条命令，输入参数为需要执行的单条命令,输出为结果的字符串形式
        '''
        # 检测虚拟机上是否安装了模块paramiko
        try:
            import paramiko
        except ImportError:
            try:
                command1 = "apt-get update && apt install python-pip && pip install --upgrade pip"
                command2 = "pip install paramiko "
                os.system(command1)
                time.sleep(5)
                os.system(command2)
                print("paramiko install Fail")
            except:
                print("Can not install paramiko, Aborted!")
                sys.exit(1)
            finally:
                import paramiko
        try:
            ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
            ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
            ssh.connect(hostname=self.ip, username=self.username, password=self.passwprd, port=self.sshPort, timeout=10,
                        allow_agent=False, look_for_keys=False)
            std_in, std_out, std_err = ssh.exec_command(cmd)
            res, err = std_out.read(), std_err.read()  # 获取命令结果,字符串形式
            if res:
                # if isinstance(res,bytes):
                #     res=str(res,encoding="utf-8").strip()
                #     result = res
                result=res
            elif err:
                result = err
            else:  # 如果执行的命令无返回值，则手动将返回结果置为空字符串
                result = " "
                # print("%s执行命令成功，但返回值为空:%s \n" %(self.ip ,str(cmd)) ,end="")
            ssh.close()

            # print("%s执行命令成功:%s \n" %(self.ip ,str(cmd)) ,end="")
            return result  # 字符串形式

        except Exception as e:
            print(str(e))
            print("%s执行命令异常:%s \n" % (self.ip, str(cmd)), end="")

    def runCommandToStringList(self, cmd):
        '''
        远程执行单条命令，输入参数为需要执行的单条命令，输出为结果的字符串列表形式
        '''
        # 检测虚拟机上是否安装了模块paramiko
        try:
            import paramiko
        except ImportError:
            try:
                command1 = "apt-get update && apt install python-pip && pip install --upgrade pip"
                command2 = "pip install paramiko "
                os.system(command1)
                time.sleep(5)
                os.system(command2)
                print("paramiko install Fail")
            except:
                print("Can not install paramiko, Aborted!")
                sys.exit(1)
            finally:
                import paramiko
        try:
            ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
            ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
            ssh.connect(hostname=self.ip, username=self.username, password=self.passwprd, port=self.sshPort, timeout=10,
                        allow_agent=False, look_for_keys=False)
            std_in, std_out, std_err = ssh.exec_command(cmd)
            res, err = std_out.readlines(), std_err.readlines()  # 获取命令结果,字符串形式
            if res:
                result = res
                result = [r.strip() for r in result]
            elif err:
                result = err
                result = [r.strip() for r in result]
            else:  # 如果执行的命令无返回值，则手动将返回结果置为空列表
                result = []
                # print("%s执行命令成功，但返回值为空列表:%s \n" %(self.ip ,str(cmd)) ,end="")
            ssh.close()
            # print("%s执行命令成功:%s \n" %(self.ip ,str(cmd)) ,end="")
            return result  # 字符串形式
        except Exception as e:
            print(str(e))
            print("%s执行命令异常:%s \n" % (self.ip, str(cmd)), end="")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ssh=Ssh(ip='192.168.1.160',username='root',sshPort=22,password='NT60ts1689')
    res=ssh.runCommandToStringList('date')
    print(res)

文件“percona-release.list”的内容如下：

#
# Percona releases, stable
#
deb http://repo.percona.com/apt xenial main
deb-src http://repo.percona.com/apt xenial main
#
# Testing & pre-release packages
#
#deb http://repo.percona.com/apt xenial testing
#deb-src http://repo.percona.com/apt xenial testing
#
# Experimental packages, use with caution!
#
#deb http://repo.percona.com/apt xenial experimental
#deb-src http://repo.percona.com/apt xenial experimental

---

3 运行效果

ssh://root@192.168.1.190:22/usr/bin/python3.5 -u /opt/pycharm_to_ubuntu/automatic_backup_and_recovery_mysql/auto_backup_and_recovery.py
/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/paramiko/kex_ecdh_nist.py:39: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: encode_point has been deprecated on EllipticCurvePublicNumbers and will be removed in a future version. Please use EllipticCurvePublicKey.public_bytes to obtain both compressed and uncompressed point encoding.
  m.add_string(self.Q_C.public_numbers().encode_point())
/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/paramiko/kex_ecdh_nist.py:96: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: Support for unsafe construction of public numbers from encoded data will be removed in a future version. Please use EllipticCurvePublicKey.from_encoded_point
  self.curve, Q_S_bytes
/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/paramiko/kex_ecdh_nist.py:111: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: encode_point has been deprecated on EllipticCurvePublicNumbers and will be removed in a future version. Please use EllipticCurvePublicKey.public_bytes to obtain both compressed and uncompressed point encoding.
  hm.add_string(self.Q_C.public_numbers().encode_point())
192.168.1.190 数据库版本>=5.7,满足要求，可以使用xtrabackup2.4
192.168.1.190 xtrabackup已安装
192.168.1.190 存放总的全量备份目录的目录 /data/backup/last/ 创建成功
192.168.1.190 增量备份目录 /data/backup/incremental/ 创建成功
192.168.1.190 全量备份目录 /data/backup/full/ 创建成功
192.168.1.190 剩余备份次数：5，本次全量备份成功，目录为：/data/backup/full/2020-06-02_13-54-17
开始备份
192.168.1.190 剩余备份次数：4，本次增量备份成功，目录为：/data/backup/incremental/2020-06-02_13-56-21
开始备份
192.168.1.190 剩余备份次数：3，本次增量备份成功，目录为：/data/backup/incremental/2020-06-02_13-58-23
开始备份
192.168.1.190 剩余备份次数：2，本次增量备份成功，目录为：/data/backup/incremental/2020-06-02_14-00-26
开始备份
192.168.1.190 剩余备份次数：1，本次增量备份成功，目录为：/data/backup/incremental/2020-06-02_14-02-29
开始备份
192.168.1.190 剩余备份次数：0，本次增量备份成功，目录为：/data/backup/incremental/2020-06-02_14-04-32
192.168.1.190 恢复全量备份目录 /data/backup/full/2020-06-02_13-54-17 成功
192.168.1.190 将增量备份目录 /data/backup/incremental/2020-06-02_13-56-21 应用到全量备份目录 /data/backup/full/2020-06-02_13-54-17 成功
192.168.1.190 将增量备份目录 /data/backup/incremental/2020-06-02_13-58-23 应用到全量备份目录 /data/backup/full/2020-06-02_13-54-17 成功
192.168.1.190 将增量备份目录 /data/backup/incremental/2020-06-02_14-00-26 应用到全量备份目录 /data/backup/full/2020-06-02_13-54-17 成功
192.168.1.190 将增量备份目录 /data/backup/incremental/2020-06-02_14-02-29 应用到全量备份目录 /data/backup/full/2020-06-02_13-54-17 成功
192.168.1.190 将最后一个增量备份目录 /data/backup/incremental/2020-06-02_14-04-32 应用到全量备份目录 /data/backup/full/2020-06-02_13-54-17 成功
192.168.1.190 将总的全量备份目录 /data/backup/full/2020-06-02_13-54-17 再进行一次apply操作，用以回滚未提交的数据 成功
192.168.1.190 上最新的总的全量备份目录为 /data/backup/last/2020-06-02_13-54-17 目录大小：554M

192.168.1.190 是否恢复数据库数据？(y/n)y
y
关闭 192.168.1.190 mysql 成功，开始恢复数据
192.168.1.190 数据库恢复成功
192.168.1.190 上的全量备份目录 /data/backup/full/ 的子目录数量被限制为 4 个
192.168.1.190 上的增量备份目录 /data/backup/incremental/ 的子目录数量被限制为 10 个
192.168.1.190 上的总的全量备份目录 /data/backup/last/ 的子目录数量被限制为 5 个

Process finished with exit code 0