客户端和服务端的安装

# rpm -ivh mongo-10gen-2.4.6-mongodb_1.x86_64.rpm mongo-10gen-server-2.4.6-mongodb_1.x86_64.rpm

创建数据库存放数据目录

# mkdir -pv /mongodb/data

mkdir: created directory `/mongodb'

mkdir: created directory `/mongodb/data'

[root@node2 ~]# chown -R mongod.mongod /mongodb/data

修改配置文件

[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/mongod.conf

[root@node2 ~]# service mongod start

可以通过访问web界面显示服务器状态：

http://192.168.8.39:28017/

数据库常见操作：

进入数据库

# mongo

> help

	db.help()                    help on db methods

	db.mycoll.help()             help on collection methods

	sh.help()                    sharding helpers

	rs.help()                    replica set helpers

	help admin                   administrative help

	help connect                 connecting to a db help

	help keys                    key shortcuts

	help misc                    misc things to know

	help mr                      mapreduce

	show dbs                     show database names

	show collections             show collections in current database

	show users                   show users in current database

	show profile                 show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms

	show logs                    show the accessible logger names

	show log [name]              prints out the last segment of log in memory, 'global' is default

	use <db_name>                set current database

	db.foo.find()                list objects in collection foo

	db.foo.find( { a : 1 } )     list objects in foo where a == 1

	it                           result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate

	DBQuery.shellBatchSize = x   set default number of items to display on shell

	exit                         quit the mongo shell

> use testdb

switched to db testdb

> show collections

> show dbs

admin (empty)

local 0.078125GB

test (empty)

testdb (empty)

> db.testcoll.insert({name: "tom"})

> show collections

system.indexes

testcoll

> db.testcoll.find()

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd1692756c2ee1a25da27"), "name" : "tom" }

> db.testcoll.insert({name: 'jack'})

> db.testcoll.find()

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd1692756c2ee1a25da27"), "name" : "tom" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd1962756c2ee1a25da28"), "name" : "jack" }

> db.testcoll.insert({name: 'lily',age: 18},{name: 'lucy', age: 19})

显示状态：

> db.testcoll.stats()

{

"ns" : "testdb.testcoll",

"count" : 3,

"size" : 132,

"avgObjSize" : 44,

"storageSize" : 4096,

"numExtents" : 1,

"nindexes" : 1,

"lastExtentSize" : 4096,

"paddingFactor" : 1,

"systemFlags" : 1,

"userFlags" : 0,

"totalIndexSize" : 8176,

"indexSizes" : {

"_id_" : 8176

},

"ok" : 1

}

删除文档

> show collections

system.indexes

testcoll

> show dbs

admin (empty)

local 0.078125GB

test (empty)

testdb 0.203125GB

> db.testcoll.drop()

true

> show collections

system.indexes

创建新表

> use itpart

switched to db itpart

> db.worker.insert({name: 'jack'})

> db.worker.insert({name: 'tom'})

> db.worker.insert({name: 'lily',age: 22})

> db.worker.insert({name: 'lucy',age: 23})

> db.worker.find()

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3922756c2ee1a25da2a"), "name" : "jack" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd39a2756c2ee1a25da2b"), "name" : "tom" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3ac2756c2ee1a25da2c"), "name" : "lily", "age" : 22 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3b72756c2ee1a25da2d"), "name" : "lucy", "age" : 23 }

> db.city.insert({area: 'shenzhen'})

> show collections

city

system.indexes

worker

> db.city.find()

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3ef2756c2ee1a25da2e"), "area" : "shenzhen" }

> db.worker.find()

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3922756c2ee1a25da2a"), "name" : "jack" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd39a2756c2ee1a25da2b"), "name" : "tom" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3ac2756c2ee1a25da2c"), "name" : "lily", "age" : 22 }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3b72756c2ee1a25da2d"), "name" : "lucy", "age" : 23 }

查找年龄大于22的元素

> db.worker.find({age:{$gt: 22}})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3b72756c2ee1a25da2d"), "name" : "lucy", "age" : 23 }

只显示name

> db.worker.find({age: {$gt: 22}},{name:1 })

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3b72756c2ee1a25da2d"), "name" : "lucy" }

修改元素：

> db.worker.update({age: {$gt: 18}}, {$set: { status: 'A'}},{multi: true})

> db.worker.find()

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3922756c2ee1a25da2a"), "name" : "jack" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd39a2756c2ee1a25da2b"), "name" : "tom" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd4f52756c2ee1a25da2f"), "age" : 22, "name" : "jack", "status" : "A" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3ac2756c2ee1a25da2c"), "age" : 22, "name" : "lily", "status" : "A" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3b72756c2ee1a25da2d"), "age" : 23, "name" : "lucy", "status" : "A" }

删除元素：

> db.worker.remove({status: 'B'})

> db.worker.find()

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3922756c2ee1a25da2a"), "name" : "jack" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd39a2756c2ee1a25da2b"), "name" : "tom" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3ac2756c2ee1a25da2c"), "age" : 22, "name" : "lily", "status" : "A" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd3b72756c2ee1a25da2d"), "age" : 23, "name" : "lucy", "status" : "A" }

批量插入数据：

> for(i=1;i<=100;i++) db.testcoll.insert({name: "user" + i,age: i,gender: 'm',preferbooks: ['first book','second book']})

显示前三行

> db.testcoll.find().limit(3)

移除年龄为8的元素

> db.testcoll.remove({age: 8})

查找年龄大于93的元素

> db.testcoll.find({age: {$gte: 93}})

找出年龄在60~70之间的元素

> db.testcoll.find({$and: [{age: {$gte: 60}}, {age: {$lte: 70}}]})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da6b"), "name" : "user60", "age" : 60, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da6c"), "name" : "user61", "age" : 61, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da6d"), "name" : "user62", "age" : 62, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da6e"), "name" : "user63", "age" : 63, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da6f"), "name" : "user64", "age" : 64, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da70"), "name" : "user65", "age" : 65, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da71"), "name" : "user66", "age" : 66, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da72"), "name" : "user67", "age" : 67, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da73"), "name" : "user68", "age" : 68, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da74"), "name" : "user69", "age" : 69, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da75"), "name" : "user70", "age" : 70, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [  "first book",  "second book" ] }

显示address属性存在的元素

> db.testcoll.insert({name: 'jack',age: 28, address: 'shenzhen'})

> db.testcoll.find({address: {$exists: true}})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cdbf1c1e73f4b26e83033"), "name" : "jack", "age" : 28, "address" : "shenzhen" }

> db.testcoll.find({address: {$exists: false}})

修改元素，默认只修改第一行

> db.testcoll.update({age: {$gt: 80}} , {$set: {gender: 'f'}})

满足条件的全部修改

> db.testcoll.update({age: {$gt: 80}}, {$set: {gender: 'f'}},{multi: true})

删除列

> db.testcoll.update({name: 'user81'},{$unset: {preferbooks: ''}})

> db.testcoll.find({age: {$gt: 80}})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da80"), "age" : 81, "gender" : "f", "name" : "user81" }

索引的操作：

显示索引

> db.testcoll.getIndexes()

[

{

"v" : 1,

"key" : {

"_id" : 1

},

"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",

"name" : "_id_"

}

]

> db.testcoll.getIndexes()

[

{

"v" : 1,

"key" : {

"_id" : 1

},

"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",

"name" : "_id_"

},

{

"v" : 1,

"key" : {

"name" : 1

},

"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",

"name" : "name_1"

}

]

设置索引的方法

> db.testcoll.ensureIndex({name:'hashed'})

> db.testcoll.getIndexes()

[

{

"v" : 1,

"key" : {

"_id" : 1

},

"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",

"name" : "_id_"

},

{

"v" : 1,

"key" : {

"name" : 1

},

"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",

"name" : "name_1"

},

{

"v" : 1,

"key" : {

"name" : "hashed"

},

"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",

"name" : "name_hashed"

}

]

删除

> db.testcoll.dropIndex('name_hashed')

{ "nIndexesWas" : 3, "ok" : 1 }

> db.testcoll.getIndexes()

[

{

"v" : 1,

"key" : {

"_id" : 1

},

"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",

"name" : "_id_"

},

{

"v" : 1,

"key" : {

"name" : 1

},

"ns" : "itpart.testcoll",

"name" : "name_1"

}

]

显示查找过程

> db.testcoll.find({name:'user19'})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("575cd8302756c2ee1a25da42"), "name" : "user19", "age" : 19, "gender" : "m", "preferbooks" : [ "first book", "second book" ] }

> db.testcoll.find({name:'user19'}).explain()

{

"cursor" : "BtreeCursor name_1",

"isMultiKey" : false,

"n" : 1,

"nscannedObjects" : 1,

"nscanned" : 1,

"nscannedObjectsAllPlans" : 1,

"nscannedAllPlans" : 1,

"scanAndOrder" : false,

"indexOnly" : false,

"nYields" : 0,

"nChunkSkips" : 0,

"millis" : 0,

"indexBounds" : {

"name" : [

[

"user19",

"user19"

]

]

},

"server" : "node2.chinasoft.com:27017"

}

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mongodb数据库安装及常见操作

索引的操作：

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