Ansible介绍以及基于角色搭建LNMP和zabbix
1 ansible 常用指令总结，并附有相关示例。
/usr/bin/ansible主程序，临时命令执行工具/usr/bin/ansible-doc查看配置文档，模块功能查看工具,相当于man/usr/bin/ansible-playbook定制自动化任务，编排剧本工具,相当于脚本/usr/bin/ansible-pull远程执行命令的工具/usr/bin/ansible-vault文件加密工具/usr/bin/ansible-console基于Console界面与用户交互的执行工具/usr/bin/ansible-galaxy下载/上传优秀代码或Roles模块的官网平台
利用ansible实现管理的主要方式：
Ansible Ad-Hoc即利用ansible命令，主要用于临时命令使用场景Ansible playbook主要用于长期规划好的，大型项目的场景，需要有前期的规划过程
ansible 使用前准备
ansible 相关工具大多数是通过ssh协议，实现对远程主机的配置管理、应用部署、任务执行等功能
建议：使用此工具前，先配置ansible主控端能基于密钥认证的方式联系各个被管理节点
1.1 ansible-doc
此工具用来显示模块帮助,相当于man
格式
ansible-doc [options] [module...]
-l, --list #列出可用模块
-s, --snippet #显示指定模块的playbook片段
范例：
#列出所有模块
ansible-doc -l
#查看指定模块帮助用法
ansible-doc ping
#查看指定模块帮助用法
ansible-doc -s ping
范例: 查看指定的插件
[13:38:40 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-doc -t connection -l
[13:39:08 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-doc -t lookup -l
1.2 ansible
1.2.1 Ansible Ad-Hoc 介绍
Ansible Ad-Hoc 的执行方式的主要工具就是 ansible
特点: 一次性的执行,不会保存执行命令信息,只适合临时性或测试性的任务
1.2.2 ansible 命令用法
格式：
ansible <host-pattern> [-m module_name] [-a args]
选项说明：
--version #显示版本
-m module #指定模块，默认为command
-v #详细过程 -vv -vvv更详细
--list-hosts #显示主机列表，可简写 --list
-C, --check #检查，并不执行
-T, --timeout=TIMEOUT #执行命令的超时时间，默认10s
-k, --ask-pass #提示输入ssh连接密码，默认Key验证
-u, --user=REMOTE_USER #执行远程执行的用户,默认root
-b, --become #代替旧版的sudo实现通过sudo机制实现提升权限
--become-user=USERNAME #指定sudo的run as用户，默认为root
-K, --ask-become-pass #提示输入sudo时的口令
-f FORKS, --forks FORKS #指定并发同时执行ansible任务的主机数
-i INVENTORY, --inventory INVENTORY #指定主机清单文件
范例：
#先打通基于key验证
#以yanlinux用户执行ping存活检测
[14:28:30 yanlinux@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible all -m ping -u yanlinux
10.0.0.18 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
10.0.0.102 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
10.0.0.7 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
#以yanlinux sudo至root执行命令
##没有添加sudo授权之前
[14:36:46 yanlinux@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible all -a 'ls /root'
10.0.0.18 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
ls: cannot open directory '/root': Permission deniednon-zero return code
10.0.0.102 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
ls: cannot open directory '/root': Permission deniednon-zero return code
10.0.0.7 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
ls: cannot open directory /root: Permission deniednon-zero return code
##在所有被控制主机上都加上suod授权
[14:30:46 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ echo "yanlinux ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoers
[14:37:01 yanlinux@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible all -a 'ls /root' -b
10.0.0.102 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
init_os.sh
snap
10.0.0.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
anaconda-ks.cfg
init_os.sh
10.0.0.18 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
anaconda-ks.cfg
init_os.sh
##所有被管理主机上创建用户magedu
[14:37:05 yanlinux@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible all -a 'useradd magedu' -b
10.0.0.102 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
10.0.0.18 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
10.0.0.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[14:39:46 yanlinux@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible all -a 'getent passwd magedu' -b
10.0.0.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
magedu:x:1002:1002::/home/magedu:/bin/bash
10.0.0.102 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
magedu:x:1001:1001::/home/magedu:/bin/sh
10.0.0.18 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
magedu:x:1001:1001::/home/magedu:/bin/bash
范例: 并发执行控制
#并发是1一个主机一个主机的执行，一条条返回结果
[14:42:47 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible all -a 'sleep 5' -f1
#并发是10，同时10个主机执行命令，返回结果
[14:42:47 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible all -a 'sleep 5' -f10
范例: 使用普通用户连接远程主机执行代替另一个用户身份执行操作
#在被管理主机上创建用户并sudo授权
[14:34:00 root@ubuntu2004 ~]$ useradd magedu
[14:34:29 root@ubuntu2004 ~]$ echo magedu:centos1 |chpasswd
#以yanlinux的用户连接用户并利用sudo代表magedu执行whoami命令
[14:58:37 yanlinux@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible all -a 'whoami' -b --become-user=magedu
10.0.0.18 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
magedu
10.0.0.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
magedu
1.3 ansible-console
此工具可交互执行命令，支持tab，ansible 2.0+新增
提示符格式：
执行用户@当前操作的主机组 (当前组的主机数量)[f:并发数]$
常用子命令：
- 设置并发数：
forks n例如：forks 10 - 切换组：
cd主机组 例如：cd web - 列出当前组主机列表：
list - 列出所有的内置命令：
?或help
范例
[15:24:28 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-console
Welcome to the ansible console. Type help or ? to list commands.
root@all (3)[f:5]$ ping
10.0.0.18 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
10.0.0.102 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
10.0.0.7 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
root@all (3)[f:5]$ list
10.0.0.18
10.0.0.7
10.0.0.102
root@all (3)[f:5]$ cd websrvs
root@websrvs (2)[f:5]$ list
10.0.0.18
10.0.0.7
root@websrvs (2)[f:5]$ forks 10
root@websrvs (2)[f:10]$ cd appsrvs
root@appsrvs (2)[f:10]$ list
10.0.0.102
10.0.0.18
1.4 ansible-playbook
此工具用于执行编写好的 playbook 任务
范例：
[15:27:57 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ vi hello.yml
---
#hello world yml file
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
tasks:
- name: hello world
command: /usr/bin/wall hello world
[15:30:12 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-playbook hello.yml
PLAY [websrvs] ****************************************************************************************
TASK [hello world] ************************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.18]
changed: [10.0.0.7]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************
10.0.0.18 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
10.0.0.7 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
1.5 ansible-vault
此工具可以用于加密解密yml文件
格式：
ansible-vault [create|decrypt|edit|encrypt|rekey|view]
范例:
#1 加密
[15:31:01 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-vault encrypt hello.yml
New Vault password:
Confirm New Vault password:
Encryption successful
##查看文件内容
[15:38:15 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ cat hello.yml
$ANSIBLE_VAULT;1.1;AES256
65323766623831636563636132623333623932633461396563383764333037396563633766363231
3335646336346136626231353133623566626166626336380a306630643338353031353739353538
62373930306636633430653537363534376231323839643131376335653366656634616365663063
6236663364343461610a383365643534646564316261326166316233393039386134363436313138
63323939663537666462646233613262646637306130626336336239323737623833393735666364
36336334316666326265356166326163373039616533353564353964396266376637363037353338
37623639656262303966363766356630376466666463363338353535623635633137616335383333
65333263643762353264326563326362393663316538666530616664643438666435373162616164
30313761323030343165666330326537653430333764363834326566333666316133386465663334
63353035616266396366366662643839353431653736353465626261623433343735663534663831
32636632653730323465366531353531633761623930303138643337613162613062333237633566
39663562393535343165
#2 解密
[15:38:18 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-vault decrypt hello.yml
Vault password:
Decryption successful
[15:39:50 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ cat hello.yml
---
#hello world yml file
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
tasks:
- name: hello world
command: /usr/bin/wall hello world
#3 查看加密后的yml文件内容
[15:41:44 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-vault view hello.yml
Vault password:
---
#hello world yml file
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
tasks:
- name: hello world
command: /usr/bin/wall hello world
#4 编辑加密文件
[15:41:50 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-vault edit hello.yml
Vault password: #输入密码后进入vim编辑器进行编辑
#5 修改口令
[15:44:53 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-vault rekey hello.yml
Vault password: #先前的口令
New Vault password: #修改为的口令
Confirm New Vault password: #再确认一遍
Rekey successful
#6 创建加密新文件
[15:46:31 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-vault create new.yml
New Vault password:
Confirm New Vault password:
#7 交互式输入密码来执行加密文件
[15:46:46 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-playbook --ask-vault-pass hello.yml
Vault password:
PLAY [websrvs] ****************************************************************************************
TASK [hello world] ************************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.18]
changed: [10.0.0.7]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************
10.0.0.18 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
10.0.0.7 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
#8 从文件中读取密码
[15:52:56 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-playbook --vault-password-file pass.txt hello.yml
PLAY [websrvs] ****************************************************************************************
TASK [hello world] ************************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.18]
changed: [10.0.0.7]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************
10.0.0.18 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
10.0.0.7 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
#9 从配置文件中添加密码文件
[15:53:33 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ vi /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
#添加以下一行信息
ault-password-file=pass.txt
[15:58:58 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-playbook hello.yml
PLAY [websrvs] ****************************************************************************************
TASK [hello world] ************************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.18]
changed: [10.0.0.7]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************
10.0.0.18 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
10.0.0.7 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
1.6 ansible-galaxy
Galaxy 是一个免费网站, 类似于github网站, 网站上发布了很多的共享的roles角色。
Ansible 提供了ansible-galaxy命令行工具连接 https://galaxy.ansible.com 网站下载相应的roles, 进行init(初始化、search( 查拘、install(安装、 remove(移除)等操作。
范例
#搜索项目
[16:05:04 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-galaxy search lamp
Found 100 roles matching your search:
Name Description
---- -----------
abhiarun_94.apache_lamp your role description
adelaidearnauld.galaxy-lamp your description
adelaidearnauld.lamp_compose your description
ajish_antony.ansible_lamp your role description
AlexanderAllen.Liara The sexiest toolkit for LAMP hackers.
alphinaugustine.ansible_role your description
amtega.horde Setup horde
......
#2 列出所有已安装的galaxy
[16:06:32 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-galaxy list
# /usr/share/ansible/roles
# /etc/ansible/roles
#3 安装galaxy，默认下载到~/.ansible/roles
[16:14:06 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-galaxy install 想要安装的galaxy
#删除
ansible-galaxy remove
2 总结ansible role目录结构及文件用途。
roles目录结构：
├── playbook1.yml
├── playbook2.yml
├── roles/
│ ├── project1/
│ │ ├── tasks/
│ │ ├── files/
│ │ ├── vars/
│ │ ├── templates/
│ │ ├── handlers/
│ │ ├── default/
│ │ └── meta/
│ ├── project2/
│ │ ├── tasks/
│ │ ├── files/
│ │ ├── vars/
│ │ ├── templates/
│ │ ├── handlers/
│ │ ├── default/
│ │ └── meta/
Roles各目录作用
roles/project/ :项目名称,有以下子目录
files/：存放由copy或script模块等调用的文件templates/：template模块查找所需要模板文件的目录tasks/：定义task,role的基本元素，至少应该包含一个名为main.yml的文件；其它的文件需要在此文件中通过include进行包含handlers/：至少应该包含一个名为main.yml的文件；此目录下的其它的文件需要在此文件中通过include进行包含vars/：定义变量，至少应该包含一个名为main.yml的文件；此目录下的其它的变量文件需要在此文件中通过include进行包含,也可以通过项目目录中的group_vars/all定义变量,从而实现角色通用代码和项目数据的分离meta/：定义当前角色的特殊设定及其依赖关系,至少应该包含一个名为main.yml的文件，其它文件需在此文件中通过include进行包含default/：设定默认变量时使用此目录中的main.yml文件，比vars的优先级低
3 使用ansible playbook实现一个mysql角色。
#mysql角色目录
[18:16:16 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ tree
.
├── ansible.cfg
├── hosts
├── mysql_role.yml
└── roles
└── mysql
├── files
│ └── mysql-8.0.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
├── tasks
│ └── main.yml
└── templates
└── my.cnf.j2
#定义主机及变量
[18:22:50 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ tail -n9 hosts
[dbsrvs:vars]
db_group=mysql
db_gid=306
db_user=mysql
db_uid=306
db_version=8.0.31
db_file="mysql-{{db_version}}-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz"
db_data_dir="/data/mysql"
db_root_passwd="lgq123456**"
#下载准备mysql源文件包
[18:22:54 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ ls roles/mysql/files/
mysql-8.0.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
#创建task文件
[18:24:40 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat roles/mysql/tasks/main.yml
- name: install dependent package
yum:
name: "{{ item }}"
loop:
- libaio
- numactl-libs
- name: create mysql group
group: name={{db_group}} gid={{db_gid}}
- name: create mysql user
user: name={{db_user}} uid={{db_uid}} system=yes shell="/sbin/nologin" create_home=no group={{db_group}}
- name: copy tar to remote host and file mode
unarchive:
src: "{{ db_file }}"
dest: "/usr/local/"
owner: root
group: root
- name: create lingfile /usr/local/mysql
file:
src: "/usr/local/mysql-{{ db_version }}-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64"
dest: "/usr/local/mysql"
state: link
- name: path file
copy:
content: "PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH"
dest: "/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh"
- name: config file
template:
src: my.cnf.j2
dest: "/etc/my.cnf"
- name: create directory
file:
name: "/data"
state: directory
- name: init mysql data
shell:
cmd: "/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user={{ db_user }} --datadir={{ db_data_dir }}"
tags:
- init
- name: service script
copy:
src: "/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server"
dest: "/etc/init.d/mysqld"
remote_src: yes
mode: '+x'
- name: start service
shell:
cmd: chkconfig --add mysqld;chkconfig mysqld on;service mysqld start
- name: change root password
shell:
cmd: "/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password {{ db_root_passwd }}"
#准备MySQL 配置文件模板
[18:25:25 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat roles/mysql/templates/my.cnf.j2
[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin
datadir={{ db_data_dir }}
socket={{ db_data_dir }}/mysql.sock
log-error={{ db_data_dir }}/mysql.log
pid-file={{ db_data_dir }}/mysql.pid
[client]
socket={{ db_data_dir }}/mysql.sock
#准备MySQL角色playbook文件
[18:25:38 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat mysql_role.yml
- hosts: dbsrvs
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
roles:
- mysql
#部署MySQL
[18:26:34 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts mysql_role.yml
PLAY [dbsrvs] *****************************************************************************************
TASK [mysql : install dependent package] **************************************************************
ok: [10.0.0.38] => (item=libaio)
ok: [10.0.0.38] => (item=numactl-libs)
TASK [mysql : create mysql group] *********************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.38]
TASK [mysql : create mysql user] **********************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.38]
TASK [mysql : copy tar to remote host and file mode] **************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.38]
TASK [mysql : create lingfile /usr/local/mysql] *******************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.38]
TASK [mysql : path file] ******************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.38]
TASK [mysql : config file] ****************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.38]
TASK [mysql : create directory] ***********************************************************************
ok: [10.0.0.38]
TASK [mysql : init mysql data] ************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.38]
TASK [mysql : service script] *************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.38]
TASK [mysql : start service] **************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.38]
TASK [mysql : change root password] *******************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.38]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************
10.0.0.38 : ok=12 changed=10 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
4 基于角色完成部署LNMP架构，并支持一键发布，回滚应用。同时基于zabbix角色批量部署zabbix。
4.1 部署LNMP架构
4.1.1 目录结构
[18:57:47 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ tree /opt/
/opt/
├── ansible.cfg
├── hosts
├── lnmp_role.yml
├── mysql_role.yml
├── nginx_role.yml
├── php-fpm_role.yml
├── roles
│ ├── mysql
│ │ ├── files
│ │ │ └── mysql-8.0.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
│ │ ├── tasks
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ └── templates
│ │ └── my.cnf.j2
│ ├── nginx
│ │ ├── handlers
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ ├── tasks
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ └── templates
│ │ ├── nginx.conf.j2
│ │ └── nginx.service.j2
│ ├── php-fpm
│ │ ├── files
│ │ │ ├── test.php
│ │ │ └── www.conf
│ │ ├── handlers
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ ├── tasks
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ └── templates
│ │ ├── php-fpm.conf.j2
│ │ └── php.ini.j2
│ └── wordpress
│ ├── files
│ │ └── wordpress-6.1.1-zh_CN.zip
│ └── tasks
│ └── main.yml
└── wordpress_role.yml
17 directories, 22 files
4.1.2 LNMP架构所需主机清单以及变量设置
[18:58:15 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat hosts
[websrvs]
10.0.0.18
10.0.0.28
[websrvs:vars]
version="1.20.2"
url="http://nginx.org/download/nginx-{{ version }}.tar.gz"
install_dir="/apps/nginx"
fqdn="www.yanlinux.org"
root_path="/data/wordpress"
app="wordpress-6.1.1-zh_CN"
[dbsrvs]
10.0.0.38
[dbsrvs:vars]
db_group=mysql
db_gid=306
db_user=mysql
db_uid=306
db_version=8.0.31
db_file="mysql-{{db_version}}-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz"
db_data_dir="/data/mysql"
db_root_passwd="lgq123456**"
4.1.2 实现编译安装nginx角色
#task文件
[17:55:17 root@ansible-rocky roles]$ cat nginx/tasks/main.yml
- name: add group nginx
group: name=nginx system=yes gid=80
- name: add user nginx
user: name=nginx group=nginx uid=80 system=yes shell="/sbin/nologin" create_home=no
- name: install dependent package
yum: name={{item}} state=latest
loop:
- gcc
- make
- pcre-devel
- openssl-devel
- zlib-devel
- perl-ExtUtils-Embed
- name: get nginx source
unarchive:
src: "{{ url }}"
dest: "/usr/local/src"
remote_src: yes
- name: compile and install
shell:
cmd: "./configure --prefix={{install_dir}} --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module && make && make install"
chdir: "/usr/local/src/nginx-{{ version }}"
creates: "{{install_dir}}/sbin/nginx"
- name: config file
template:
src: nginx.conf.j2
dest: "{{install_dir}}/conf/nginx.conf"
owner: nginx
group: nginx
notify: restart service
tags:
- config
- name: create directory
file:
path: "{{install_dir}}/conf/conf.d"
state: directory
owner: nginx
group: nginx
- name: change install directory owner
file:
path: "{{install_dir}}"
owner: nginx
group: nginx
recurse: yes
- name: copy service file
template:
src: nginx.service.j2
dest: "/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service"
- name: check config
shell:
cmd: "{{install_dir}}/sbin/nginx -t"
register: check_nginx_config
changed_when:
- check_nginx_config.stdout.find('successful')
- false
- name: start service
systemd:
daemon_reload: yes
name: nginx.service
state: started
enabled: yes
#创建handler文件
[17:59:27 root@ansible-rocky roles]$ cat nginx/handlers/main.yml
- name: restart service
service:
name: nginx
state: restarted
#准备两个template文件
[17:59:51 root@ansible-rocky roles]$ cat nginx/templates/nginx.conf.j2
#user nobody;
user nginx;
worker_processes {{ ansible_processor_vcpus*2 }};
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format access_json '{"@timestamp":"$time_iso8601",'
'"host":"$server_addr",'
'"clientip":"$remote_addr",'
'"size":$body_bytes_sent,'
'"responsetime":$request_time,'
'"upstreamtime":"$upstream_response_time",'
'"upstreamhost":"$upstream_addr",'
'"http_host":"$host",'
'"uri":"$uri",'
'"xff":"$http_x_forwarded_for",'
'"referer":"$http_referer",'
'"tcp_xff":"$proxy_protocol_addr",'
'"http_user_agent":"$http_user_agent",'
'"status":"$status"}';
# logging
access_log {{install_dir}}/logs/access-json.log access_json;
error_log {{install_dir}}/logs/error.log warn;
keepalive_timeout 65;
include {{install_dir}}/conf/conf.d/*.conf;
}
[18:00:28 root@ansible-rocky roles]$ cat nginx/templates/nginx.service.j2
[Unit]
Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile={{install_dir}}/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/bin/rm -f {{install_dir}}/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre={{install_dir}}/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart={{install_dir}}/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP \$MAINPID
KillSignal=SIGQUIT
TimeoutStopSec=5
KillMode=process
PrivateTmp=true
LimitNOFILE=100000
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
#总入口playbook文件
[18:09:50 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat /opt/nginx_role.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
roles:
- nginx
4.1.4 实现php-fpm角色
#首先准备php.ini.j2和www.conf文件
#修改php上传限制配置
[17:04:11 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ vi /opt/roles/php-fpm/templates/php.ini.j2
post_max_size = 100M #将次行从8M修改为100M
upload_max_filesize = 100M #将此行从2M改为100M
#修改配置文件
[17:14:03 root@proxy ~]$ vi /opt/roles/php-fpm/files/www.conf
user = nginx #修改为nginx
group = nginx #修改为nginx
;listen = /run/php-fpm/www.sock #注释此行
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 #添加此行，监控本机的9000端口
#准备网页配置文件
[19:51:32 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat /opt/roles/php-fpm/templates/php-fpm.conf.j2
server {
listen 80;
server_name {{ fqdn }};
location / {
root {{ root_path }};
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
#准备tasks文件
[19:40:32 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat /opt/roles/php-fpm/tasks/main.yml
- name: install package
yum:
name: "{{ item }}"
loop:
- php-fpm
- php-mysqlnd
- php-json
- php-xml
- php-gd
- php-pecl-zip
- name: php path permissions
file:
path: /var/lib/php/
owner: nginx
group: nginx
recurse: yes
- name: config php.ini
template:
src: php.ini.j2
dest: /etc/php.ini
- name: config www.conf
copy:
src: www.conf
dest: /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
- name: website config
template:
src: php-fpm.conf.j2
dest: "{{ install_dir }}/conf/conf.d/php-fpm.conf"
owner: nginx
group: nginx
notify: restart nginx
- name: start service
service:
name: php-fpm
state: started
enabled: yes
#准备handler文件
[19:53:47 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat /opt/roles/php-fpm/handlers/main.yml
- name: restart nginx
service:
name: nginx
state: restarted
#准备总入口playbook文件
[19:54:48 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat /opt/php-fpm_role.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
roles:
- php-fpm
4.1.5 实现MySQL角色
注意：ansible playbook调用mysql系列模块需要依赖python3-mysql包和利用pip安装pymysql
#下载准备mysql源文件包
[18:22:54 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ ls roles/mysql/files/
mysql-8.0.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
#创建task文件
[18:24:40 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat roles/mysql/tasks/main.yml
- name: install dependent package
yum:
name: "{{ item }}"
loop:
- libaio
- numactl-libs
- python39
- python3-mysql
- name: install pymysql
pip:
name: pymysql
state: present
- name: create mysql group
group: name={{db_group}} gid={{db_gid}}
- name: create mysql user
user: name={{db_user}} uid={{db_uid}} system=yes shell="/sbin/nologin" create_home=no group={{db_group}}
- name: copy tar to remote host and file mode
unarchive:
src: "{{ db_file }}"
dest: "/usr/local/"
owner: root
group: root
- name: create lingfile /usr/local/mysql
file:
src: "/usr/local/mysql-{{ db_version }}-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64"
dest: "/usr/local/mysql"
state: link
- name: path file
copy:
content: "PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH"
dest: "/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh"
- name: config file
template:
src: my.cnf.j2
dest: "/etc/my.cnf"
- name: create directory
file:
name: "/data"
state: directory
- name: init mysql data
shell:
cmd: "/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user={{ db_user }} --datadir={{ db_data_dir }}"
tags:
- init
- name: service script
copy:
src: "/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server"
dest: "/etc/init.d/mysqld"
remote_src: yes
mode: '+x'
- name: start service
shell:
cmd: chkconfig --add mysqld;chkconfig mysqld on;service mysqld start
- name: change root password
shell:
cmd: "/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password {{ db_root_passwd }}"
- name: create {{ wp_db_name }} database
mysql_db:
login_host: "localhost"
login_user: "root"
login_password: "{{ db_root_passwd }}"
login_port: 3306
login_unix_socket: "{{ db_data_dir }}/mysql.sock"
name: "{{ wp_db_name }}"
state: present
when: "{{ wp_db_name }} is defined"
- name: create {{ wp_db_user }}
mysql_user:
login_host: "localhost"
login_user: "root"
login_password: "{{ db_root_passwd }}"
login_port: 3306
login_unix_socket: "{{ db_data_dir }}/mysql.sock"
name: "{{ wp_db_user}}"
password: "{{ wp_db_passwd }}"
priv: "{{ wp_db_name }}.*:ALL"
host: "10.0.0.%"
state: present
when: "{{ wp_db_user }} is defined"
#准备MySQL 配置文件模板
[18:25:25 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat roles/mysql/templates/my.cnf.j2
[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin
datadir={{ db_data_dir }}
socket={{ db_data_dir }}/mysql.sock
log-error={{ db_data_dir }}/mysql.log
pid-file={{ db_data_dir }}/mysql.pid
[client]
socket={{ db_data_dir }}/mysql.sock
#准备总入口playbook文件
[18:25:38 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat mysql_role.yml
- hosts: dbsrvs
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
roles:
- mysql
4.2 基于zabbix角色批量部署zabbix
依赖上面搭建好的LNMP架构实现
4.2.1 部署zabbix-server
#总体目录结构
[20:27:58 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ tree
.
├── ansible.cfg
├── hosts
├── hosts_zabbix
├── roles
│ ├── mysql
│ │ ├── files
│ │ │ ├── create.sql.gz
│ │ │ └── mysql-8.0.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
│ │ ├── tasks
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ └── templates
│ │ └── my.cnf.j2
│ ├── nginx
│ │ ├── files
│ │ ├── handlers
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ ├── tasks
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ └── templates
│ │ ├── nginx.conf.j2
│ │ └── nginx.service.j2
│ ├── php-fpm
│ │ ├── files
│ │ │ ├── test.php
│ │ │ └── www.conf
│ │ ├── handlers
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ ├── tasks
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ └── templates
│ │ ├── php-fpm.conf.j2
│ │ └── php.ini.j2
│ └── zabbix_server
│ ├── handlers
│ │ └── main.yml
│ ├── tasks
│ │ └── main.yml
│ └── templates
│ ├── zabbix.conf.j2
│ ├── zabbix_server.conf.j2
│ └── zabbix-server-ngx.conf.j2
└── zabbix_server.yml
29 directories, 26 files
#主入口playbook
[20:24:45 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat zabbix_server.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
roles:
- nginx
- php-fpm
- hosts: dbsrvs
remote_user: root
roles:
- mysql
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
roles:
- zabbix_server
#tasks文件
[20:30:01 root@ansible-rocky zabbix_server]$ cat /opt/roles/zabbix_server/tasks/main.yml
- name: config zabbix yum repo
yum_repository:
name: "ansible_zabbix"
description: "zabbix repo"
baseurl: "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/{{ zabbix_version }}/rhel/{{ ansible_distribution_major_version }}/{{ ansible_architecture }}/"
gpgcheck: yes
gpgkey: "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix-official-repo.key"
- name: install zabbix-server
yum:
name: "{{ item }}"
loop:
- zabbix-server-mysql
- zabbix-agent2
- zabbix-get
- zabbix-web-mysql
- name: copy zabbix_server.conf
template:
src: zabbix_server.conf.j2
dest: /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
mode: 0600
notify:
- restart zabbix-server
tags: restart zabbix-server
- name: chown zabbix-web
file:
path: /etc/zabbix/web
state: directory
owner: nginx
group: nginx
recurse: yes
- name: copy zabbix-server web conf
template:
src: zabbix-server-ngx.conf.j2
dest: "{{ install_dir }}/conf/conf.d/zabbix_server_ngx.conf"
owner: nginx
group: nginx
notify:
- restart nginx
- name: copy zabbix.conf into php-fpm.d
template:
src: zabbix.conf.j2
dest: "/etc/php-fpm.d/zabbix.conf"
notify:
- restart php-fpm
- name: start zabbix-server
service:
name: zabbix-server
state: restarted
enabled: yes
#查看handler
[20:34:11 root@ansible-rocky zabbix_server]$ cat /opt/roles/zabbix_server/handlers/main.yml
- name: restart zabbix-server
service:
name: zabbix-server
state: restarted
- name: restart nginx
service:
name: nginx
state: restarted
- name: restart php-fpm
service:
name: php-fpm
state: restarted
#查看template文件
[20:34:15 root@ansible-rocky zabbix_server]$ cat /opt/roles/zabbix_server/templates/zabbix.conf.j2
[zabbix]
user = nginx
group = nginx
listen = /run/php-fpm/zabbix.sock
listen.acl_users = apache,nginx
listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 5
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 200
php_value[session.save_handler] = files
php_value[session.save_path] = /var/lib/php/session
php_value[max_execution_time] = 300
php_value[memory_limit] = 128M
php_value[post_max_size] = 80M
php_value[upload_max_filesize] = 80M
php_value[max_input_time] = 300
php_value[max_input_vars] = 10000
php_value[date.timezone] = Asia/Shanghai
[20:38:05 root@ansible-rocky zabbix_server]$ grep -Ev '^$|#' /opt/roles/zabbix_server/templates/zabbix_server.conf.j2
LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log
LogFileSize=0
PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_server.pid
SocketDir=/var/run/zabbix
DBHost=10.0.0.58
DBName=zabbix
DBUser=zabbix
DBPassword=lgq123456
SNMPTrapperFile=/var/log/snmptrap/snmptrap.log
Timeout=4
AlertScriptsPath=/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts
ExternalScripts=/usr/lib/zabbix/externalscripts
LogSlowQueries=3000
StatsAllowedIP=127.0.0.1
##zabbix网页配置文件
[20:39:05 root@ansible-rocky zabbix_server]$ cat /opt/roles/zabbix_server/templates/zabbix-server-ngx.conf.j2
server {
listen 80;
server_name {{ zabbix_fqdn }};
root /usr/share/zabbix;
index index.php;
location = /favicon.ico {
log_not_found off;
}
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
location /assets {
access_log off;
expires 10d;
}
location ~ /\.ht {
deny all;
}
location ~ /(api\/|conf[^\.]|include|locale|vendor) {
deny all;
return 404;
}
location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$) {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
#fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm/zabbix.sock;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT /usr/share/zabbix;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/share/zabbix$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED /usr/share/zabbix$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_ignore_client_abort off;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 60;
fastcgi_send_timeout 180;
fastcgi_read_timeout 180;
fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 256k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
}
}
4.2.2 部署zabbix-agent
#目录结构
[22:59:31 root@ansible-rocky zabbix_agent2]$ tree
.
├── files
│ └── zabbix_agnet2.d
│ ├── login.conf
│ ├── mem.conf
│ ├── mysql.conf
│ ├── mysql_repl_status.sh
│ ├── mysql.sh
│ ├── nginx_status.conf
│ ├── nginx_status.sh
│ └── tcp_state.conf
├── handlers
│ └── main.yml
├── tasks
│ └── main.yml
└── templates
└── zabbix_agent2.conf.j2
5 directories, 11 files
#task文件
[23:14:12 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat /opt/roles/zabbix_agent2/tasks/main.yml
- name: install repo
yum_repository:
name: "ansible_zabbix"
description: "zabbix repo"
baseurl: "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/{{ zabbix_version }}/rhel/{{ ansible_distribution_major_version }}/{{ ansible_architecture }}/"
gpgcheck: yes
gpgkey: "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix-official-repo.key"
- name: install agent2 for centos or rocky
yum:
name: zabbix-agent2
when:
- ansible_distribution == "Rocky" or ansible_distribution == "Centos"
- name: install agent2 for centos or ubuntu
apt:
name: zabbix-agent2
update_cache: yes
when:
- ansible_distribution == "Ubuntu"
- name: config file
template:
src: zabbix_agent2.conf.j2
dest: "/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agent2.conf"
mode: 0644
notify:
- restart zabbix-agent2
- name: copy zabbix-agent2.d content
copy:
src: zabbix_agent2.d
dest: "/etc/zabbix"
notify:
- restart zabbix-agent2
tags: zabbix_agent2.d
- name: start zabbix-agent2
service:
name: zabbix-agent2
state: started
enabled: yes
#handler文件
[23:14:14 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat /opt/roles/zabbix_agent2/handlers/main.yml
- name: restart zabbix_agent2
service:
name: zabbix-agent2
state: restarted
#template文件
[23:14:43 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat /opt/roles/zabbix_agent2/templates/zabbix_agent2.conf.j2
PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_agent2.pid
LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_agent2.log
LogFileSize=0
Server={{ zabbix_server_ip }}
ServerActive={{ zabbix_server_ip }}
Hostname={{ ansible_default_ipv4.address }}
Include=/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agent2.d/*.conf
ControlSocket=/tmp/agent.sock
4.2.3 测试
[23:15:29 root@rocky8 /etc/zabbix]$ zabbix_get -s 10.0.0.18 -k mem_use_percent
20.1886
[23:16:51 root@rocky8 /etc/zabbix]$ zabbix_get -s 10.0.0.18 -k tcp_state[ESTABLISHED]
32
[23:17:30 root@rocky8 /etc/zabbix]$ zabbix_get -s 10.0.0.28 -k tcp_state[ESTABLISHED]
28
[23:17:35 root@rocky8 /etc/zabbix]$ zabbix_get -s 10.0.0.58 -k tcp_state[ESTABLISHED]
55
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