xadmin引入django-import-export导入功能

一、安装

由于xadmin自带的包里面已经包含了django-import-export

所以不用再pip install django-import-export了

但是xadmin管理后台只有导出按钮

没有导入按钮

所以本次引入了导入功能

二、配置文件

demo/settings.py：

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'db@02^k!pw$6kx*0$+9#%2h@vro-*h^+xs%5&(+q*b181&o$)l'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'product.apps.ProductConfig',

    'xadmin',
    'crispy_forms',
    'reversion',
    # 添加django-xadmin

    'import_export',
    # 导入导出
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'demo.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
        ,
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'demo.wsgi.application'

# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'demo',
        'HOST': '192.168.1.106',
        'PORT': '3306',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'Abcdef@123456',
    }
}
# MySQL数据库配置

# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
# 简体中文界面

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
# 亚洲/上海时区

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = False
# 不使用国际标准时间

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
# 定义静态文件的目录

MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
# 定义图片存放的目录

IMPORT_EXPORT_USE_TRANSACTIONS = True
# 在导入数据时使用数据库事务，默认False

三、复制资源文件

python manage.py collectstatic

拷贝静态文件

此时static目录下新增了static/import_export目录

四、Admin后台注册

product/admin.py：

import xadmin

# Register your models here.
from import_export import resources
from xadmin import views

from product.models import ProductInfo

class ProductInfoResource(resources.ModelResource):

    class Meta:
        model = ProductInfo

        skip_unchanged = True
        # 导入数据时，如果该条数据未修改过，则会忽略
        report_skipped = True
        # 在导入预览页面中显示跳过的记录

        import_id_fields = ('id',)
        # 对象标识的默认字段是id，您可以选择在导入时设置哪些字段用作id

        fields = (
            'id',
            'product_name',
            'product_picture',
            'product_describe',
            'product_manager',
        )
        # 白名单

        exclude = (
            'create_time',
            'update_time',
        )
        # 黑名单

class ProductInfoAdmin(object):
    list_display = [
        'id',
        'product_name',
        'product_picture',
        'product_describe',
        'product_manager',
        'create_time',
        'update_time',
    ]
    # 要显示的字段列表

    ordering = ['id']
    # 按照id顺序排列，如果是倒序-id

    search_fields = ['product_name', 'product_manager']
    # 要搜索的字段

    list_filter = ['product_name', 'create_time', 'update_time']
    # 要筛选的字段

    show_detail_fields = ['product_name', 'product_picture']
    # 要展示详情的字段

    list_editable = ['product_name', 'product_picture',
                     'product_describe', 'product_manager']
    # 列表可直接修改的字段

    list_per_page = 10
    # 分页

    # model_icon = 'fa fa-laptop'
    # 配置模型图标，也可以在GlobalSetting里面配置

    import_export_args = {
        'import_resource_class': ProductInfoResource,
        # 'export_resource_class': ProductInfoResource,
    }
    # 配置导入按钮

class BaseSetting(object):
    enable_themes = True
    use_bootswatch = True
    # 开启主题自由切换

class GlobalSetting(object):
    global_search_models = [ProductInfo]
    # 配置全局搜索选项，默认搜索组、用户、日志记录
    site_title = "测试平台"
    # 标题
    site_footer = "测试部"
    # 页脚

    menu_style = "accordion"
    # 左侧菜单收缩功能
    apps_icons = {
        "product": "fa fa-music",
    }
    # 配置应用图标，即一级菜单图标
    global_models_icon = {
        ProductInfo: "fa fa-film",
    }
    # 配置模型图标，即二级菜单图标

xadmin.site.register(ProductInfo, ProductInfoAdmin)
# 注册模型

xadmin.site.register(views.BaseAdminView, BaseSetting)
xadmin.site.register(views.CommAdminView, GlobalSetting)

五、xadmin管理后台

python manage.py runserver

启动服务

http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/

六、优化

以上这样有2个弊病

Excel文件列名与导入预览页面列名都是字段英文名称

而不是verbose_name中文名称

很不方便

修改product/models.py：

import xadmin

# Register your models here.
from import_export import resources
from xadmin import views
from xadmin.layout import Main, Fieldset, Side

from product.models import ProductInfo

from django.apps import apps

class ProductInfoResource(resources.ModelResource):

    def __init__(self):
        super(ProductInfoResource, self).__init__()
        field_list = apps.get_model('product', 'ProductInfo')._meta.fields
        # 应用名与模型名
        self.verbose_name_dict = {}
        # 获取所有字段的verbose_name并存放在verbose_name_dict字典里
        for i in field_list:
            self.verbose_name_dict[i.name] = i.verbose_name

    def get_export_fields(self):
        fields = self.get_fields()
        # 默认导入导出field的column_name为字段的名称
        # 这里修改为字段的verbose_name
        for field in fields:
            field_name = self.get_field_name(field)
            if field_name in self.verbose_name_dict.keys():
                field.column_name = self.verbose_name_dict[field_name]
                # 如果设置过verbose_name，则将column_name替换为verbose_name
                # 否则维持原有的字段名
        return fields

    class Meta:
        model = ProductInfo

        skip_unchanged = True
        # 导入数据时，如果该条数据未修改过，则会忽略
        report_skipped = True
        # 在导入预览页面中显示跳过的记录

        import_id_fields = ('id',)
        # 对象标识的默认字段是id，您可以选择在导入时设置哪些字段用作id

        fields = (
            'id',
            'product_name',
            'product_picture',
            'product_describe',
            'product_manager',
        )
        # 白名单

        exclude = (
            'product_detail',
            'create_time',
            'update_time',
        )
        # 黑名单

class ProductInfoAdmin(object):

    list_display = [
        'id',
        'product_name',
        'product_picture',
        'product_describe',
        'product_manager',
        'product_detail',
        'create_time',
        'update_time',
    ]
    # 要显示的字段列表

    ordering = ['id']
    # 按照id顺序排列，如果是倒序-id

    search_fields = ['product_name', 'product_manager']
    # 要搜索的字段

    list_filter = ['product_name', 'create_time', 'update_time']
    # 要筛选的字段

    show_detail_fields = ['product_name', 'product_detail']
    # 要展示详情的字段

    list_editable = ['product_name', 'product_describe', 'product_manager']
    # 列表可直接修改的字段

    list_per_page = 10
    # 分页

    # model_icon = 'fa fa-laptop'
    # 配置模型图标，也可以在GlobalSetting里面配置

    import_export_args = {
        'import_resource_class': ProductInfoResource,
        # 'export_resource_class': ProductInfoResource,
    }
    # 配置导入按钮

class BaseSetting(object):
    enable_themes = True
    use_bootswatch = True
    # 开启主题自由切换

class GlobalSetting(object):
    global_search_models = [ProductInfo]
    # 配置全局搜索选项，默认搜索组、用户、日志记录
    site_title = "测试平台"
    # 标题
    site_footer = "测试部"
    # 页脚

    menu_style = "accordion"
    # 左侧菜单收缩功能
    apps_icons = {
        "product": "fa fa-music",
    }
    # 配置应用图标，即一级菜单图标
    global_models_icon = {
        ProductInfo: "fa fa-film",
    }
    # 配置模型图标，即二级菜单图标

xadmin.site.register(ProductInfo, ProductInfoAdmin)
# 注册模型

xadmin.site.register(views.BaseAdminView, BaseSetting)
xadmin.site.register(views.CommAdminView, GlobalSetting)