CentOS 6.5安装Apache

1、Apache的特点

功能强大、配置简单、速度快、应用广泛、性能稳定可靠，并可做代理服务器或负载均衡来使用

2、Apache的应用场合

使用Apache运行静态HTML网页、图片（处理静态小文件能力不及Nginx）。
使用Apache结合PHP引擎运行PHP、Perl、Python等程序
使用Apache结合Tomcat/Resion运行JSP，JAVA等程序
使用Apache作代理、负载均衡、rewrite规则过滤等等。

安装Apache

1、确认主机名、检查是否已经存在httpd、如果已经存在先卸载(使用rpm -e  --nodeps)

[root@httpd /]# hostname httpd
[root@httpd /]# rpm -qa httpd
rpm -e --nodeps 加 rpm -qa httpd 查看到的包名
rpm命令-qa参数
-q 查询的意思
-a 所有软件包
-e 移除的意思
--nodeps 不做软件间的依赖检查
更过参数使用man rpm 或 rpm --help查看

2、下载httpd软件包

[root@localhost /]# wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.31.tar.gz
---- ::--  http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.31.tar.gz
Resolving mirror.bit.edu.cn... 202.204.80.77, :da8::::56ff:fea1:
Connecting to mirror.bit.edu.cn|202.204.80.77|:... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response...  OK
Length:  (7.2M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: “httpd-2.2..tar.gz”

%[==================================================>] ,,   1.26M/s   in .0s    

-- :: (1.46 MB/s) - “httpd-2.2..tar.gz” saved [/]

[root@localhost /]# ll httpd-2.2.31.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7583841 Aug 26 20:10 httpd-2.2.31.tar.gz

3、解压

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# tar zxvf httpd-2.2..tar.gz
[root@localhost /]# cd httpd-2.2.
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE  CHANGES        httpd.dsp       libhttpd.dep  NOTICE            server
acinclude.m4  config.layout  httpd.mak       libhttpd.dsp  NWGNUmakefile     srclib
Apache.dsw    configure      httpd.spec      libhttpd.mak  os                support
build         configure.in   include         LICENSE       README            test
BuildAll.dsp  docs           INSTALL         Makefile.in   README.platforms  VERSIONING
BuildBin.dsp  emacs-style    InstallBin.dsp  Makefile.win  README-win32.txt
buildconf     httpd.dep      LAYOUT          modules       ROADMAP
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# ls INSTALL README    #遇到不熟悉的软件是可参考这两个文件
INSTALL  README
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# less INSTALL 

  APACHE INSTALLATION OVERVIEW

  Quick Start - Unix
  ------------------

  For complete installation documentation, see [ht]docs/manual/install.html or
  http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/install.html

     $ ./configure --prefix=PREFIX
     $ make
     $ make install
     $ PREFIX/bin/apachectl start

     NOTES: * Replace PREFIX with the filesystem path under which
              Apache should be installed.  A typical installation
              might use "/usr/local/apache2" for PREFIX (without the
              quotes).

            * If you are a developer who will be linking your code with
              Apache or using a debugger to step through server code,
              ./configure's --with-included-apr option may be advantageous,
              as it removes the possibility of version or compile-option
              mismatches with APR and APR-util code.  (Many OSes now
              include their own version of APR and APR-util.)

            * If you are a developer building Apache directly from
              Subversion, you will need to run ./buildconf before running
              configure. This script bootstraps the build environment and
              requires Python as well as GNU autoconf and libtool. If you
              build Apache from a release tarball, you don't have to run
              buildconf.
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# less README

                          Apache HTTP Server

  What is it?
  -----------

  The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful and flexible HTTP/1.1 compliant
  web server.  Originally designed as a replacement for the NCSA HTTP
  Server, it has grown to be the most popular web server on the
  Internet.  As a project of the Apache Software Foundation, the
  developers aim to collaboratively develop and maintain a robust,
  commercial-grade, standards-based server with freely available
  source code.

  The Latest Version
  ------------------

  Details of the latest version can be found on the Apache HTTP
  server project page under <http://httpd.apache.org/>.

  Documentation
  -------------

4、编译、安装

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# yum -y install gcc
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd-2.2. --enable-deflate --enable-expires --enable-headers --enable-modules=most --enable-so --with-mpm=worker --enable-rewrite

 checking for zlib location... not found checking whether to enable mod_deflate... configure: error: mod_deflate has been requested but can not be built due to prerequisite failures 
解决

缺少
 zlib-devel

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# yum -y install zlib zlib-devel
 重新 
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd-2.2. --enable-deflate --enable-expires --enable-headers --enable-modules=most --enable-so --with-mpm=worker --enable-rewrite

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.31]# make
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.31]# make install

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.31]# echo $?
0

5、优化路径

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# ln -s /usr/local/httpd-2.2./bin/* /usr/local/bin/

6、检查

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# /usr/local/bin/apachectl -t
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain for ServerName
Syntax OK

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.31]# cd /usr/local/httpd-2.2.31/conf/
[root@localhost conf]# pwd
/usr/local/httpd-2.2.31/conf

[root@localhost conf]# vim httpd.conf

ServerName www.httpd.com:80

[root@httpd conf]# /usr/local/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK

7、启动服务

[root@localhost conf]# /usr/local/bin/apachectl start
[root@localhost conf]# lsof -i :
COMMAND   PID   USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
httpd      root    4u  IPv6        0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd    daemon    4u  IPv6        0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd    daemon    4u  IPv6        0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd    daemon    4u  IPv6        0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
[root@localhost conf]# ps -ef | grep httpd
root             : ?        :: /usr/local/httpd-2.2./bin/httpd -k start
daemon       : ?        :: /usr/local/httpd-2.2./bin/httpd -k start
daemon       : ?        :: /usr/local/httpd-2.2./bin/httpd -k start
daemon       : ?        :: /usr/local/httpd-2.2./bin/httpd -k start
daemon       : ?        :: /usr/local/httpd-2.2./bin/httpd -k start
root          : pts/    :: grep httpd

[root@localhost conf]# cp /usr/local/httpd-2.2.31/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd
[root@localhost conf]# vim /etc/init.d/httpd

#chkconfig: 35 85 15

[root@localhost conf]# chkconfig --add httpd

8、测试

检查防火墙是否关闭

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter          [  OK  ]
iptables: Flushing firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]
iptables: Unloading modules:                               [  OK  ]

打开浏览器访问http://192.168.161.131/

如果访问不了It works 页面、排查

1、iptables防火墙和selinux是否关闭（在生产环境中允许80端口访问，而不是关闭防火墙）

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop
root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport  -j ACCEPT

关闭selinux

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.31]# setenforce 0  #临时关闭
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# cat /etc/selinux/config | grep SELINUX=enforcing
SELINUX=enforcing
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# cat /etc/selinux/config | grep SELINUX=
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
SELINUX=disabled

2、检查httpd端口80

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# netstat -nlt | grep
tcp               :::                       :::*                        LISTEN      

3、查看是否http进程

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# ps -ef | grep http
root             : ?        :: /usr/local/httpd-2.2./bin/httpd -k start
daemon       : ?        :: /usr/local/httpd-2.2./bin/httpd -k start
daemon       : ?        :: /usr/local/httpd-2.2./bin/httpd -k start
daemon       : ?        :: /usr/local/httpd-2.2./bin/httpd -k start
daemon       : ?        :: /usr/local/httpd-2.2./bin/httpd -k start
daemon       : ?        :: /usr/local/httpd-2.2./bin/httpd -k start
root          : pts/    :: grep http

4、在服务器上wget http://192.168.161.131

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# wget http://192.168.161.131
---- ::--  http://192.168.161.131/
Connecting to 192.168.161.131:... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response...  OK
Length:  [text/html]
Saving to: “index.html”

%[======================================>]           --.-K/s   in 0s      

-- :: (7.26 MB/s) - “index.html” saved [/]

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# curl 192.168.161.131

命令

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# /usr/local/bin/apachectl
Usage: /usr/local/httpd-2.2./bin/httpd [-D name] [-d directory] [-f file]
                                         [-C "directive"] [-c "directive"]
                                         [-k start|restart|graceful|graceful-stop|stop]
                                         [-v] [-V] [-h] [-l] [-L] [-t] [-T] [-S]
Options:
  -D name            : define a name for use in <IfDefine name> directives
  -d directory       : specify an alternate initial ServerRoot
  -f file            : specify an alternate ServerConfigFile
  -C "directive"     : process directive before reading config files
  -c "directive"     : process directive after reading config files
  -e level           : show startup errors of level (see LogLevel)
  -E file            : log startup errors to file
  -v                 : show version number
  -V                 : show compile settings
  -h                 : list available command line options (this page)
  -l                 : list compiled in modules
  -L                 : list available configuration directives
  -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS  : show parsed settings (currently only vhost settings)
  -S                 : a synonym for -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS
  -t -D DUMP_MODULES : show all loaded modules
  -M                 : a synonym for -t -D DUMP_MODULES
  -t                 : run syntax check for config files
  -T                 : start without DocumentRoot(s) check

apache目录下的命令和文件介绍

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# pwd
/usr/local/httpd-2.2.
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# ls
bin    cgi-bin  error   icons    lib   man     modules
build  conf     htdocs  include  logs  manual
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# tree bin
bin
├── ab　　　　#apache HTTP服务器性能测试工具、同类软件jmeter、loadrunner、webbench等
├── apachectl    #apache启动命令、apachectl是一个脚本
├── apr--config
├── apu--config
├── apxs    　　#apxs是一个apache HTTP服务器编译和安装扩展模块的工具、在进行DSO方式编译模块时会用到
├── checkgid
├── dbmmanage
├── envvars
├── envvars-std
├── htcacheclean   #清理磁盘缓冲区的命令、需要编译时指定相关参数才可使用。
├── htdbm
├── htdigest
├── htpasswd　　　　#建立和更新基本认证文件
├── httpd　　　　#httpd为apache的控制程序、apachectl执行时会调用httpd。
├── httxt2dbm
├── logresolve
└── rotatelogs  　　#apache自带的日志轮询命令

 directories,  files

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.31]# ll conf/
total 92
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 26 20:48 extra  #额外的apache配置文件目录、httpd-vhosts.conf默认就在此目录
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13646 Aug 26 20:48 httpd.conf  #apache的主配置文件
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12958 Aug 26 20:48 magic
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 53011 Aug 26 20:48 mime.types
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Aug 26 20:48 original

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.31]# ll htdocs/   #编译安装时apache的默认站点目录
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 1000 1000 44 Nov 21 2004 index.html   #默认首页文件

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.31]# ll logs/　　#apache默认日志文件路径
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 454 Aug 29 16:09 access_log　　#apache默认访问日志
srwx------ 1 daemon root 0 Aug 29 16:09 cgisock.1216
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 868 Aug 29 16:09 error_log　　#apache错误日志文件
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Aug 29 16:09 httpd.pid　　#httpd的pid文件、http进程启动后、会把所有进程的ID写到此文件。

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.31]# ll modules/  #apache模块目录
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9194 Aug 26 20:47 httpd.exp

apache优化

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.]# cd conf/
[root@localhost conf]# vim httpd.conf
<Directory "/usr/local/httpd-2.2.31/htdocs">
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks      #如果没有首页的情况下会展示目录结构、 建议把Indexes删除 或改为-Indexes 、如果把目录展示禁用后、没有首页的情况下会报错403