leetcode笔记:Majority Element
一. 题目描写叙述
Given an array of size n, find the majority element. The majority element is the element that appears more than ⌊ n/2 ⌋
times.
You may assume that the array is non-empty and the majority element always exist in the array.
二. 题目分析
题目说到,给定一个数组。内含n
个元素。找出一个主元素,该元素在数组中出现的次数比其它元素出现的次数加起来还要多。即该元素的数量大于n/2
。
開始的思路,自然是对数组进行排序,数组最中间的元素就是主元素,但算法复杂度一般须要:O(nlogn)
;若同意辅助内存。可新建一个数组。用于存放不同元素值在数组中存放的次数。这样仅仅需遍历一次原数组,然后再遍历一次记录次数的数组就可找出主元素。算法复杂度为O(n)
。
一种高效的方法仅仅需遍历一次数组就可以。
我们知道主元素出现的次数比其它元素出现的次数和还要大,因此,仅仅需使用两个变量:candidate
和 count
这两个变量记录了元素candidate
的值,count
记录了元素candidate
比其它元素多出现的次数。
遍历数组,遇到与当前记录元素candidate
同样的元素值,++count
;否则count
被抵消一次。--count
。当count
变为0
时,更换candidate
为当前遍历所在的像素值。
由于遍历完数组后,主元素被抵消的次数count
比然大于零,不会由于当count
变为0
而被其它数组元素替代。因此candidate
也仅仅会是主元素。
三. 演示样例代码
class Solution {
public:
int majorityElement(vector<int>& nums) {
int candidate = 0, count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); ++i)
{
if (count == 0)
{
candidate = nums[i];
++count;
}
else
{
if (candidate == nums[i])
++count;
else
--count;
}
}
return candidate;
}
};
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