DNS查询工具：host、nslookup、dig
- 作者：zhanhailiang 日期：2014-11-01
1. host
- host提供域名到IP地址的双向解析；
- host默认通过/etc/resolv.conf读取Name Server来解析，除非提供可选參数server。
- -a參数相当于进行ANY查询。
- [root@~]# host pic1.vip.com
- pic1.vip.com is an alias for pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com.
- pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com is an alias for vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com.
- vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com has address 111.206.217.105
- vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com has address 125.39.1.138
- vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com has address 218.59.186.76
- vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com has address 111.206.169.23
- [root@~]# host pic1.vip.com 8.8.8.8
- Using domain server:
- Name: 8.8.8.8
- Address: 8.8.8.8#53
- Aliases:
- pic1.vip.com is an alias for pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com.
- pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com is an alias for vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com.
- vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com has address 125.39.1.138
- vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com has address 111.206.169.23
- vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com has address 111.206.217.105
- vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com has address 218.59.186.76
- [root@~]# host -a pic1.vip.com 8.8.8.8
- Trying "pic1.vip.com"
- Using domain server:
- Name: 8.8.8.8
- Address: 8.8.8.8#53
- Aliases:
- ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 39471
- ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
- ;; QUESTION SECTION:
- ;pic1.vip.com. IN ANY
- ;; ANSWER SECTION:
- pic1.vip.com. 3975 IN CNAME pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com.
- Received 64 bytes from 8.8.8.8#53 in 412 ms
2. nslookup
- nslookup提供交互式和非交互式两种查询方式；
- [root@~]# nslookup
- > pic1.vip.com
- Server: 10.202.72.116
- Address: 10.202.72.116#53
- Non-authoritative answer:
- pic1.vip.com canonical name = pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com.
- pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com canonical name = vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com.
- Name: vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com
- Address: 125.39.1.138
- Name: vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com
- Address: 218.59.186.76
- Name: vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com
- Address: 111.206.169.23
- Name: vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com
- Address: 111.206.217.105
- > exit
- [root@~]# nslookup pic1.vip.com
- Server: 10.202.72.116
- Address: 10.202.72.116#53
- Non-authoritative answer:
- pic1.vip.com canonical name = pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com.
- pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com canonical name = vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com.
- Name: vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com
- Address: 111.206.217.105
- Name: vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com
- Address: 125.39.1.138
- Name: vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com
- Address: 218.59.186.76
- Name: vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com
- Address: 111.206.169.23
3. dig
watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvYmlsbGZlbGxlcg==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/SouthEast" alt="">
- dig是一个询问DNS域名服务的灵活工具，提供了来自被要求的，返回名称服务DNS的查询和显示的答案。大多数DNS管理员使用dig来排除DNS故障和问题；
- 其基本用法：dig [@server] name [type]。
1. 普通使用方法：dig pic1.vip.com
- [root@~]# dig pic1.vip.com
- ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.23.rc1.el6_5.1 <<>> pic1.vip.com
- ;; global options: +cmd
- ;; Got answer:
- ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 65138
- ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 6, AUTHORITY: 5, ADDITIONAL: 5
- ;; QUESTION SECTION:
- ;pic1.vip.com. IN A
- ;; ANSWER SECTION:
- pic1.vip.com. 4518 IN CNAME pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com.
- pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com. 28 IN CNAME vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com.
- vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com. 120 IN A 218.59.186.76
- vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com. 120 IN A 111.206.169.23
- vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com. 120 IN A 111.206.217.105
- vipshop.xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com. 120 IN A 125.39.1.138
- ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
- xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com. 162890 IN NS ns1.glb0.lxdns.com.
- xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com. 162890 IN NS ns4.glb0.lxdns.com.
- xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com. 162890 IN NS ns3.glb0.lxdns.com.
- xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com. 162890 IN NS ns5.glb0.lxdns.com.
- xdwscache.glb0.lxdns.com. 162890 IN NS ns2.glb0.lxdns.com.
- ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
- ns1.glb0.lxdns.com. 400 IN A 218.60.106.128
- ns2.glb0.lxdns.com. 400 IN A 111.206.217.82
- ns3.glb0.lxdns.com. 400 IN A 101.227.66.164
- ns4.glb0.lxdns.com. 400 IN A 111.206.217.82
- ns5.glb0.lxdns.com. 400 IN A 222.132.5.102
- ;; Query time: 21 msec
- ;; SERVER: 10.202.72.116#53(10.202.72.116)
- ;; WHEN: Sat Nov 1 00:42:27 2014
- ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 341
2. 进行ANY查询：
- [root@~]# dig vip.com ANY
- ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.23.rc1.el6_5.1 <<>> vip.com ANY
- ;; global options: +cmd
- ;; Got answer:
- ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 59219
- ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 7, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2
- ;; QUESTION SECTION:
- ;vip.com. IN ANY
- ;; ANSWER SECTION:
- vip.com. 171039 IN NS ns7.vipshop.com.
- vip.com. 171039 IN NS ns8.vipshop.com.
- vip.com. 4451 IN A 183.61.89.84
- vip.com. 4451 IN A 183.61.89.20
- vip.com. 4451 IN TXT "v=spf1 ip4:122.11.55.162 ip4:180.186.22.7 ip4:122.11.55.163 ip4:210.21.83.149 ip4:210.21.83.150 ip4:183.61.189.204 ip4:121.11.65.219 ip4:61.155.128.141 include:easeye-edm.com a mx ~all"
- vip.com. 4451 IN MX 1 mail.vip.com.
- vip.com. 4451 IN SOA ns7.vip.com. it.vip.com. 2014103116 1800 600 604800 1200
- ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
- vip.com. 171039 IN NS ns8.vipshop.com.
- vip.com. 171039 IN NS ns7.vipshop.com.
- ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
- ns7.vipshop.com. 13022 IN A 14.17.85.62
- ns8.vipshop.com. 13022 IN A 183.61.89.62
- ;; Query time: 0 msec
- ;; SERVER: 10.202.72.116#53(10.202.72.116)
- ;; WHEN: Sat Nov 1 00:42:41 2014
- ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 425
3. 使用+trace參数，追踪查询过程：
- [root@~]# dig pic1.vip.com +trace
- ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.23.rc1.el6_5.1 <<>> pic1.vip.com +trace
- ;; global options: +cmd
- . 483723 IN NS e.root-servers.net.
- . 483723 IN NS g.root-servers.net.
- . 483723 IN NS m.root-servers.net.
- . 483723 IN NS a.root-servers.net.
- . 483723 IN NS b.root-servers.net.
- . 483723 IN NS c.root-servers.net.
- . 483723 IN NS i.root-servers.net.
- . 483723 IN NS f.root-servers.net.
- . 483723 IN NS j.root-servers.net.
- . 483723 IN NS k.root-servers.net.
- . 483723 IN NS l.root-servers.net.
- . 483723 IN NS h.root-servers.net.
- . 483723 IN NS d.root-servers.net.
- ;; Received 496 bytes from 10.202.72.116#53(10.202.72.116) in 1 ms
- com. 172800 IN NS a.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS b.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS c.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS d.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS e.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS f.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS g.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS h.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS i.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS j.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS k.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS l.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS m.gtld-servers.net.
- ;; Received 490 bytes from 199.7.83.42#53(199.7.83.42) in 27 ms
- vip.com. 172800 IN NS ns7.vipshop.com.
- vip.com. 172800 IN NS ns8.vipshop.com.
- ;; Received 106 bytes from 192.43.172.30#53(192.43.172.30) in 291 ms
- pic1.vip.com. 7200 IN CNAME pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com.
- ;; Received 64 bytes from 183.61.89.62#53(183.61.89.62) in 37 ms
4. 指定name server，使用+trace參数，能够看到第一步是通过指定的@server查询根服务器：
- [root@~]# dig @8.8.8.8 pic1.vip.com +trace
- ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.23.rc1.el6_5.1 <<>> @8.8.8.8 pic1.vip.com +trace
- ; (1 server found)
- ;; global options: +cmd
- . 18601 IN NS a.root-servers.net.
- . 18601 IN NS b.root-servers.net.
- . 18601 IN NS c.root-servers.net.
- . 18601 IN NS d.root-servers.net.
- . 18601 IN NS e.root-servers.net.
- . 18601 IN NS f.root-servers.net.
- . 18601 IN NS g.root-servers.net.
- . 18601 IN NS h.root-servers.net.
- . 18601 IN NS i.root-servers.net.
- . 18601 IN NS j.root-servers.net.
- . 18601 IN NS k.root-servers.net.
- . 18601 IN NS l.root-servers.net.
- . 18601 IN NS m.root-servers.net.
- ;; Received 228 bytes from 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8) in 301 ms
- com. 172800 IN NS m.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS l.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS k.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS j.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS i.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS h.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS g.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS f.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS e.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS d.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS c.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS b.gtld-servers.net.
- com. 172800 IN NS a.gtld-servers.net.
- ;; Received 490 bytes from 198.41.0.4#53(198.41.0.4) in 130 ms
- vip.com. 172800 IN NS ns7.vipshop.com.
- vip.com. 172800 IN NS ns8.vipshop.com.
- ;; Received 106 bytes from 192.55.83.30#53(192.55.83.30) in 90 ms
- pic1.vip.com. 7200 IN CNAME pic1.vip.com.wscdns.com.
- ;; Received 64 bytes from 14.17.85.62#53(14.17.85.62) in 30 ms
因为篇幅有限。想知道很多其它的关于host， nslookup。dig参数和应用场景的命令，请问man手册及相关文章。
版权声明：本文博客原创文章。博客，未经同意，不得转载。
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