翻译:CommonJS的wiki
Modules/AsynchronousDefinition
异步定义的模块(国内一般叫AMD模块定义)
STATUS: PROPOSAL
现状:提案
- Implementations
- 实现:RequireJS、Nodules、Yabble、Dojo、Transporter、Teleport、partial、curl.js
- [[Implementations/RequireJS|]],
- [[Implementations/Nodules|]],
- [[Implementations/Yabble
- (partial)|]],
- [[Implementations/Dojo|]],
- [[Implementations/Transporter|]],
- [[Implementations/Teleport|]],
- [[Implementations/PINF (partial)|]],
- [[Implementations/curl.js|]]
NOTE: This document is retained for historical purposes, but the evolution of this API is now tracked on the amdjs wiki. Please use the amdjs wiki as the definitive API source.
注意:本文件保留的目的只是为记录历史,但这个API的演变,现在已经由amdjs维基跟踪。请使用amdjs Wiki作为最终的API的源。
The Asynchronous Module Definition API specifies a mechanism for defining modules such that the module and its dependencies can be asynchronously loaded. This is particularly well suited for the browser environment where synchronous loading of modules incurs performance, usability, debugging, and cross-domain access problems. This specification used to be called Modules Transport/C, but this is specification is not primarily geared for transported existing CommonJS modules, but for defining modules (although it can be used as a transport).
异步模块定义API指定了定义模块的机制,使得模块和它的依赖关系可以异步加载。这特别适合于浏览器中那种同步加载模块时,会导致性能,可用性,调试和跨域访问问题的环境。本规范使用被称为模块的运输证,但这是不规范,主要是为运输存在的CommonJS模块,但定义模块(虽然它可以作为一个交通工具)。
Specification
define() function
The specification defines a single function "define" that is available as a free variable or a global variable. The signature of the function:
define(id?, dependencies?, factory);
The first argument, id, specifies the id of the module being defined. This argument is optional, and if it not present, the module id should default to the id of the module that the loader was requesting for the given response script. When present, the module id MUST be an absolute id (relative ids are not allowed.
The second argument, dependencies, is an array of the dependencies that are required by the module that is being defined. The dependencies must be resolved prior to execution of the module factory function, and the resolved values should be passed as arguments to the factory function with argument positions corresponding to index in the dependencies array. The dependencies ids may be relative ids, and should be resolved relative the module being defined. This specification defines three special dependency names that have a distinct resolution. If the value of "require", "exports", or "module" appear in the dependency list, the argument should be resolved to the corresponding free variable as defined by the CommonJS modules specification. This argument is optional. If omitted, it should default to ["require", "exports", "module"]. However, if the factory function's arity (length property) is less than 3, than the loader may choose to only call the factory with the number of arguments corresponding to the function's arity or length.
The third argument, factory, is a function that should be executed to instantiate the module or an object. If the factory is a function it should only be executed once. If the factory argument is an object, that object should be assigned as the exported value of the module.
If the factory function returns a value (an object, function, or any value that coerces to true), and then that value should be assigned as the exported value for the module.
If both the first argument (module id) and the second argument (dependencies) are omitted, the module loader MAY choose to scan the factory function for dependencies in the form of require statements (literally in the form of require("module-string")). The first argument must literally be named require for this to work. In some situations module loaders may choose not to scan for dependencies due to code size limitations or lack of toString support on functions (Opera Mobile is known to lack toString support for functions). If either the first or second argument is present, the module loader SHOULD NOT scan for dependencies within the factory function.
define.amd property
To allow a clear indicator that a global define function (as needed for script src browser loading) conforms to the AMD API, any global define function SHOULD have a property called "amd" whose value is an object. This helps avoid conflict with any other existing JavaScript code that could have defined a define() function that does not conform to the AMD API.
The properties inside the define.amd object are not specified at this time. It can be used by implementers who want to inform what other capabilities beyond the basic API that the implementation supports.
Existence of the define.amd property with an object value indicates conformance with this API. If there is another version of the API, it will likely define another property, like define.amd2, to indicate implementations that conform to that version of the API.
An example of how it may be defined for an implementation that allows loading more than one version of a module in an environment:
define.amd = {
multiversion: true
};
The minimum definition:
define.amd = {};
Transporting more than one module at a time
Multiple define calls can be made within a single script. The order of the define calls SHOULD NOT be significant. Earlier module definitions may specify dependencies that are defined later in the same script. It is the responsibility of the module loader to defer loading unresolved dependencies until the entire script is loaded to prevent unnecessary requests.
Examples
Using require and exports
Sets up the module with ID of "alpha", that uses require, exports and the module with ID of "beta":
define("alpha", ["require", "exports", "beta"], function (require, exports, beta) {
exports.verb = function() {
return beta.verb();
//Or:
return require("beta").verb();
}
});
An anonymous module could be defined (module id derived from filename) that returns an object literal:
define(["alpha"], function (alpha) {
return {
verb: function(){
return alpha.verb() + 2;
}
};
});
A dependency-free module can define a direct object literal:
define({
add: function(x, y){
return x + y;
}
});
Global Variables
This specification reserves the global variable "define" for use in implementing this specification, the package metadata asynchronous definition API and is reserved for other future CommonJS APIs. Module loaders SHOULD not add additional methods or properties to this function.
This specification reserves the global variable "require" for use by module loaders. Module loaders are free to use this global variable as they see fit. They may use the variable and add any properties or functions to it as desired for module loader specific functionality. They can also choose not to use "require" as well.
Usage notes
It is recommended that define calls be in the literal form of 'define(...)' in order to work properly with static analysis tools (like build tools).
This specification has used require.def() as the entry point in the past. Module loaders may choose to alias define() to require.def() to provide backwards compatibility (this is within the module loader's reserved namespace, so this is the prerogative of the module loader).
翻译:CommonJS的wiki的更多相关文章
- Flume性能测试报告(翻译Flume官方wiki报告)
因使用flume的时候总是会对其性能有所调研,网上找的要么就是自测的这里找到一份官方wiki的测试报告供大家参考 https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display ...
- hive 创建/删除/截断 表(翻译自Hive wiki)
这里罗列常用操作,更多参考 https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/LanguageManual+DDL#LanguageManualDDL- ...
- CommonJS Promises/A规范
本文来自四火哥的翻译 CommonJS是一组javascript编程规范,而promise是其中之一. 简而言之,promises是一种令代码的异步行为变得更加优雅的软件抽象.在基本的定义中,代码可能 ...
- commonJS 浏览器实现
commonjs http://www.commonjs.org/ CommonJS JavaScript is a powerful object oriented language with so ...
- 该如何理解AMD ,CMD,CommonJS规范--javascript模块化加载学习总结
是一篇关于javascript模块化AMD,CMD,CommonJS的学习总结,作为记录也给同样对三种方式有疑问的童鞋们,有不对或者偏差之处,望各位大神指出,不胜感激. 本篇默认读者大概知道requi ...
- CommonJS初识
CommonJS是什么 CommonJS是一个标准库,或者说是一组规范.因为官方并没有给出真正的代码实现,而是给出一些代码组织规范.常用模块的api.包(Package)的命名规范和具体格式. Com ...
- CommonJS 规范
CommonJS 是以在浏览器环境之外构建 JavaScript 生态系统为目标而产生的项目,比如在服务器和桌面环境中. 这个项目最开始是由 Mozilla 的工程师 Kevin Dangoor 在2 ...
- JS模块规范:AMD,CMD,CommonJS
浅析JS模块规范 随着JS模块化编程的发展,处理模块之间的依赖关系成为了维护的关键. AMD,CMD,CommonJS是目前最常用的三种模块化书写规范. CommonJS CommonJS规范是诞生比 ...
- requireJS 从概念到实战
requireJS 可以很轻易的将一个项目中的JavaScript代码分割成若干个模块(module).并且requireJS推荐一个模块就是一个文件,所以,你将获得一些零碎的具有互相依赖关系的JS文 ...
随机推荐
- 程序集里包含多个版本dll引用 ,强制低版本到制定版本dll引用
在 config 的 <configuration> 节点内加入以下 类似信息 以下是以Newtonsoft.Json 为例子 <runtime> <assemblyBi ...
- 《编写高质量代码改善JavaScript程序的188个建议》读书笔记
逗号运算符比较怪异.如 var a =(1,2,3,4);alert(a);// 4 var a = 1,2,3,4;//报错 注意a++和++a的差别,变量在参与运算中不断地变化.v ...
- sqlserver查询数据库中包含某个字段的所有表和所有存储过程
1.查询包含某字段的所有表 select object_name(id) objName,Name as colName from syscolumns where (name like'%你要查询的 ...
- Python 变量 (上)
Python通过变量引用内存中的值,变量的值占用多少空间是由变量的类型决定的.声明变量不需要指定变量的类型,解释器会自动根据值来判断.变量名称必须符合标识符的定义 标识符 标识符是由字母,数字和下划线 ...
- Ubantu下配置Sublime Text3---python环境的搭建
因为学习机器学习算法的原因,买的参考书籍很多都是python语言进行开发的,因此也想着在Linux系统下配置python的环境.Sublime是一款非常流行的编辑器,可以添加很多小巧有用的插件,同时也 ...
- 数据结构开发(10):Linux内核链表
0.目录 1.老生常谈的两个宏(Linux) 1.1 offsetof 1.2 container_of 2.Linux内核链表剖析 3.小结 1.老生常谈的两个宏(Linux) Linux 内核中常 ...
- 使用jQuery在javascript中自定义事件
js中的自定义事件有attachEvent,addEventListener等等好多种,往往受困于浏览器兼容,而且代码写起来也相当麻烦.jQuery为我们解决了这个问题,几行代码就可以很好的实现事件的 ...
- Linux系统中/opt 和 /usr目录
重点:usr是Unix Software Resource的缩写,即“UNIX操作系统软件资源”所放置的目录. 下面是个人找到的适合类似我这种从Windows转向Linux小白的文章. Ref:htt ...
- 开源nginx_lua_waf部署安装
0x01 前言 ngx_lua_waf实现 WAF一句话描述,就是解析HTTP请求(协议解析模块),规则检测(规则模块),做不同的防御动作(动作模块),并将防御过程(日志模块)记录下来.所以本文中 ...
- 《Linux内核设计与实现》第7章读书笔记
第七章 链接 一. 链接的概念 链接是将各种代码和数据部分收集起来并组合成为一个单一文件的过程.可以执行于编译.加载和运行时,由叫做链接器(可实现分离编译)的程序自动执行. 二.静态链接 为了创建静态 ...