C Memory Layout C语言中的内存布局
在C语言中,内存的主要分为下列几部分:
1. Text/Code Segment 文本/代码区
2. Initialized Data Segments 初始化的数据区
3. Uninitialized Data Segments 未初始化的数据区
4. Stack Segment 栈区
5. Heap Segment 堆区
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" alt="" width="140" height="417" />
Text/Code Segment 文本/代码区
这个区主要用来保存机器代码,一个可执行对象文件的文本区通常是只读区,可以防止程序被意外修改。文本/代码区可能会被放在堆和栈的下方来防止堆和栈的覆写溢出。
Initialized Data Segments 初始化的数据区
初始化的数据区存储了所有的初始化了的全局的,静态的,常量的,外部的变量。这些变量没有在函数内部定义或者是以静态的方式在函数内部定义了,比如下面两种情况:
int val = ;
char string[] = "Hello World";
这些变量最初是保存在只读内存中(Text/Code Segment 文本/代码区中),然后被拷贝到了初始化的数据区。
Uninitialized Data Segments 未初始化的数据区
未初始化的数据区,又称作BSS (Block Started by Symbol),这个区一般紧连着初始化的数据区,用来保存所有的初始化为0的全局变量和静态变量,或者没有初始化,比如 static int i;将会存在BSS中。
Stack Segment 栈区
栈区是紧连着堆区的,堆和栈的增长方向相反,当堆和栈的指针重合时,此时内存被耗尽。栈区是以后进先出的机制运行的,通常在内存的高地址处。当一个函数被调用时,该函数的返回地址和调用者的环境信息被保存在栈中,新调用的函数再在栈上开辟空间保存自动和临时变量,这就是递归函数的运行机制。当一个递归函数调用它本身时,一个新的栈格被使用,所以这些变量不会跟上次递归的变量相互干扰。栈区主要保存一些局部变量。
Heap Segment 堆区
堆区主要用来动态分配内存。通过malloc, realloc和free来管理。堆区被所有线程,公用库,动态加载模块所共享。
关于堆和栈的区别,可参见我的另一篇博客Stack and Heap 堆和栈的区别。
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