Hibernate框架用法

一，Hibernate框架介绍　　

　　没有Hibernate之前，使用jdbc来连接数据库时，需要反射加载驱动，再获取连接

　　在连接上获取sql承载块，传入sql语句执行，获取结果集，解析结果

　　Hibernate框架，核心对象就是使用连接字串获取的session，自动完成对象关系映射，不需要手动来解析对象

二，程序实例

1.新建web项目，导入框架包

2.编写　　User.java

package com.zhaolong.bean;

import java.sql.Date;

public class User {

    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String gender;
    private String age;
    private Date birthday;
    private String phone;
    private String address;
    private String card;
    private String email;
    private String wechat;
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }
    public void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public String getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(String age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }
    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }
    public String getPhone() {
        return phone;
    }
    public void setPhone(String phone) {
        this.phone = phone;
    }
    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }
    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
    public String getCard() {
        return card;
    }
    public void setCard(String card) {
        this.card = card;
    }
    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }
    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }
    public String getWechat() {
        return wechat;
    }
    public void setWechat(String wechat) {
        this.wechat = wechat;
    }

    public User(String name, String gender, String age, Date birthday,
            String phone, String address, String card, String email,
            String wechat) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
        this.gender = gender;
        this.age = age;
        this.birthday = birthday;
        this.phone = phone;
        this.address = address;
        this.card = card;
        this.email = email;
        this.wechat = wechat;
    }
    public User() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", gender=" + gender
                + ", age=" + age + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", phone="
                + phone + ", address=" + address + ", card=" + card
                + ", email=" + email + ", wechat=" + wechat + "]";
    }

}

3.编写实体类的映射文件　　User.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.zhaolong.bean.User" table="HUQB_USER">
        <id name="id">
            <generator class="native"/>
        </id>
        <property name="name"/>
        <property name="gender"/>
        <property name="age"/>
        <property name="birthday"/>
        <property name="phone"/>
        <property name="address"/>
        <property name="card"/>
        <property name="email"/>
        <property name="wechat"/>
    </class>

    <!-- 创建命名查询 -->

    <query name="findAllUsers">
        <![CDATA[
            from User
        ]]>
    </query>

    <!-- 查询年龄大于30的所有人 -->
   <query name="findUsersByAge">
        <![CDATA[
            from User u where u.age>:age
        ]]>
    </query>

   <!-- 本地命名查询 -->
   <sql-query name="findAllUsersLocal">
       <!-- 通过return 标签指定返回结果的映射 -->
       <return class="com.zhaolong.bean.User"/>
       <![CDATA[
            select * from huqb_user
        ]]>
   </sql-query>

</hibernate-mapping>        

4.编写连接字串配置文件　　hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
          "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
          "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated by MyEclipse Hibernate Tools.                   -->
<hibernate-configuration>

    <session-factory>
     <!--<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</property>
        <property name="connection.username">root</property>
        <property name="connection.password">java</property>
        <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
         -->
        <!-- 配置方言 -->
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9Dialect</property>
        <!-- 配置连接地址 -->
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:orcl</property>
        <!-- 配置用户名 -->
        <property name="connection.username">mart</property>
        <!-- 配置密码 -->
        <property name="connection.password">java</property>
        <!-- 配置驱动 -->
        <property name="connection.driver_class">oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</property>

        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <!-- 对sql语句进行格式化 -->
        <property name="format_sql">true</property>
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
        <mapping resource="com/zhaolong/bean/User.hbm.xml"/>
    </session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>

5.根据cfg文件获取操作数据库的session,可以自己编写，也可以选择自动生成　　HibernateSessionFactory

package com.zhaolong.util;

import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

/**
 * Configures and provides access to Hibernate sessions, tied to the
 * current thread of execution.  Follows the Thread Local Session
 * pattern, see {@link http://hibernate.org/42.html }.
 */
public class HibernateSessionFactory {

    /**
     * Location of hibernate.cfg.xml file.
     * Location should be on the classpath as Hibernate uses
     * #resourceAsStream style lookup for its configuration file.
     * The default classpath location of the hibernate config file is
     * in the default package. Use #setConfigFile() to update
     * the location of the configuration file for the current session.
     */
    private static final ThreadLocal<Session> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Session>();
    private static org.hibernate.SessionFactory sessionFactory;

    private static Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
    private static String CONFIG_FILE_LOCATION = "/hibernate.cfg.xml";
    private static String configFile = CONFIG_FILE_LOCATION;

    static {
        try {
            configuration.configure(configFile);
            sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("%%%% Error Creating SessionFactory %%%%");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    private HibernateSessionFactory() {
    }

    /**
     * Returns the ThreadLocal Session instance.  Lazy initialize
     * the <code>SessionFactory</code> if needed.
     *
     *  @return Session
     *  @throws HibernateException
     */
    public static Session getSession() throws HibernateException {
        Session session = (Session) threadLocal.get();

        if (session == null || !session.isOpen()) {
            if (sessionFactory == null) {
                rebuildSessionFactory();
            }
            session = (sessionFactory != null) ? sessionFactory.openSession()
                    : null;
            threadLocal.set(session);
        }

        return session;
    }

    /**
     *  Rebuild hibernate session factory
     *
     */
    public static void rebuildSessionFactory() {
        try {
            configuration.configure(configFile);
            sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("%%%% Error Creating SessionFactory %%%%");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     *  Close the single hibernate session instance.
     *
     *  @throws HibernateException
     */
    public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException {
        Session session = (Session) threadLocal.get();
        threadLocal.set(null);

        if (session != null) {
            session.close();
        }
    }

    /**
     *  return session factory
     *
     */
    public static org.hibernate.SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
        return sessionFactory;
    }

    /**
     *  return session factory
     *
     *    session factory will be rebuilded in the next call
     */
    public static void setConfigFile(String configFile) {
        HibernateSessionFactory.configFile = configFile;
        sessionFactory = null;
    }
    /**
     *  return hibernate configuration
     *
     */
    public static Configuration getConfiguration() {
        return configuration;
    }

}

6.编写数据测试类　　AddTest

package com.zhaolong.test;

import java.sql.Date;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

import com.zhaolong.bean.User;
import com.zhaolong.util.HibernateSessionFactory;

public class AddTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Session session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();

        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();

        User u1=new User("诸葛亮", "男", "35",
                new Date(System.currentTimeMillis())
                , "110", "蜀国", "1234567890", "zgl@huqb.com", "zhugeliang01");
        User u2=new User("黄月英", "女", "33",
                new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()+100000000)
                , "119", "蜀国", "0987654321", "hyy@huqb.com", "huangyueying01");

        User u3=new User("曹丕", "男", "45",
                new Date(System.currentTimeMillis())
                , "120", "魏国", "1234567890", "cp@huqb.com", "caopi");
        User u4=new User("甄姬", "女", "33",
                new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()+100000000)
                , "114", "魏国", "0987654321", "zj@huqb.com", "zhenji01");
        User u5=new User("荀彧", "男", "45",
        new Date(System.currentTimeMillis())
        , "120", "魏国", "1234567890", "cp@huqb.com", "caopi");
        User u6=new User("曹操", "男", "33",
        new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()+100000000)
        , "114", "魏国", "0987654321", "zj@huqb.com", "zhenji01");

        session.save(u1);
        session.save(u2);
        session.save(u3);
        session.save(u4);
        session.save(u5);
        session.save(u6);
        tx.commit();

        session.close();

    }
}