转 oracle 开发 第03章 sqlplus

####

 

1.term命令：

当和SPOOL命令联合使用时，可以取消SQLPLUS输出，查询结果仅仅存在于假脱机文件中
  set term on：查询结果既显示于假脱机文件中，又在SQLPLUS中显示；
  set term off：查询结果仅仅显示于假脱机文件中。

2.其他命令：

SQL>set colsep'|';　　　 //-域输出分隔符

SQL>set echo off;　　　 //显示start启动的脚本中的每个sql命令，缺省为on

SQL> set echo on             //设置运行命令是是否显示语句

SQL> set feedback on;       //设置显示“已选择XX行”

SQL>set feedback off;　    //回显本次sql命令处理的记录条数，缺省为on

SQL>set heading off;　　 //输出域标题，缺省为on

SQL>set pagesize 0;　　    //输出每页行数，缺省为24,为了避免分页，可设定为0。

SQL>set linesize 80;　　   //输出一行字符个数，缺省为80

SQL>set numwidth 12;　    //输出number类型域长度，缺省为10

SQL>set termout off;　　   //显示脚本中的命令的执行结果，缺省为on

SQL>set trimout on;　　    //去除标准输出每行的拖尾空格，缺省为off

SQL>set trimspool on;　   //去除重定向（spool）输出每行的拖尾空格，缺省为off

SQL>set serveroutput on; //设置允许显示输出类似dbms_output

SQL> set timing on;           //设置显示“已用时间：XXXX”

SQL> set autotrace on;      //设置允许对执行的sql进行分析

set verify off                       //可以关闭和打开提示确认信息old 1和new 1的显示.

原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/ziyifengfei/article/details/9964161

目录

1.查看表结构 desc 2.编辑SQL语句 append、list、change、run 3.保存、检索并运行文件 save、get、start、edit、spool 4.格式化列 column 5.设置页面大小 pagesize 6.设置行大小 linesize 7.清除列格式 clear 8.使用变量 define 9.创建简单报表 10.帮助信息 help

1.查看表结构 desc

DESC customers;

2.编辑SQL语句 append、list、change、run

SQL> select customer_id,first_name,last_name
from customers
where customer_id = 1;

CUSTOMER_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME
----------- ---------- ----------
      1 John       Brown

SQL> 1
  1* select customer_id,first_name,last_name

SQL> append , dob                                     --在行尾添加", dob"
  1* select customer_id,first_name,last_name, dob

SQL> list                                            --查看sqlplus缓存区所有行
  1  select customer_id,first_name,last_name, dob
  2  from customers
  3* where customer_id = 1

SQL> change /customer_id = 1/customer_id = 2         --将最后一行"customer_id = 1"改为"customer_id = 2"
  3* where customer_id = 2

SQL> run                                             --执行sqlplus缓存区的查询，同/
  1  select customer_id,first_name,last_name, dob
  2  from customers
  3* where customer_id = 2

CUSTOMER_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME  DOB
----------- ---------- ---------- ---------
      2 Cynthia    Orange      05-FEB-68

SQL> /                                                --执行sqlplus缓存区的查询，同run

CUSTOMER_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME  DOB
----------- ---------- ---------- ---------
      2 Cynthia    Orange      05-FEB-68

3.保存、检索并运行文件 save、get、start、edit、spool

SQL> select customer_id,first_name,last_name
from customers
where customer_id = 1;  

CUSTOMER_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME
----------- ---------- ----------
      1 John       Brown

SQL> save /tmp/cust_query.sql                         --将sqlplus缓存区的内容保存到磁盘目录
Created file /tmp/cust_query.sql

SQL> get /tmp/cust_query.sql                         --将磁盘上的脚本读入sqlplus缓存区
  1  select customer_id,first_name,last_name
  2  from customers
  3* where customer_id = 1

SQL> /

CUSTOMER_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME
----------- ---------- ----------
      1 John       Brown

SQL> start /tmp/cust_query.sql                         --执行磁盘目录上的sql脚本

CUSTOMER_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME
----------- ---------- ----------
      1 John       Brown

SQL> define _editor = 'vim';                        --改变默认编辑器

SQL> edit                                             --编辑sqlplus缓存区的内容
Wrote file afiedt.buf

  1  select customer_id,first_name,last_name
  2  from customers
  3* where customer_id = 2

SQL> /
CUSTOMER_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME
----------- ---------- ----------
      2 Cynthia    Orange

SQL> spool /tmp/cust_results.txt                    --将sqlplus的输出结果保存到磁盘文件中
SQL> /
CUSTOMER_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME
----------- ---------- ----------
      2 Cynthia    Orange
SQL> spool off

4.格式化列 column

column product_id format 99
column name heading product_name format a13 word_wrapped
column description format a13 word_wrapped
column price format $99.99

select product_id,name,description,price
from products
where product_id < 6;

5.设置页面大小 pagesize

set pagesize 100         --设置一页显示的行数
                        --页面大小最大为50000，默认14

6.设置行大小 linesize

set linesize 50         --设置一行显示的字符数，默认80

7.清除列格式 clear

column product_id clear
clear columns

8.使用变量 define

select product_id,name,price
from products
where product_id = &v_product_id;    --使用变量 &v_product_id
Enter value for v_product_id: 2
old   3: where product_id = &v_product_id
new   3: where product_id = 2

PRODUCT_ID product_name    PRICE
---------- ------------- -------
     2 Chemistry      $30.00

SQL> /
Enter value for v_product_id: 3
old   3: where product_id = &v_product_id
new   3: where product_id = 3

PRODUCT_ID product_name    PRICE
---------- ------------- -------
     3 Supernova      $25.99

SQL> set verify off                    --禁止显示旧行和新行
SQL> /
Enter value for v_product_id: 4

PRODUCT_ID product_name    PRICE
---------- ------------- -------
     4 Tank War      $13.95

SQL> set verify on                     --重新显示新旧行
SQL> /
Enter value for v_product_id: 1
old   3: where product_id = &v_product_id
new   3: where product_id = 1

PRODUCT_ID product_name    PRICE
---------- ------------- -------
     1 Modern      $19.95
       Science

SQL> set define '#'                    --修改变量定义符为'#'
select product_id,name,price
from products
where product_id = #v_product_id;
Enter value for v_product_id: 4
old   3: where product_id = #v_product_id
new   3: where product_id = 4

PRODUCT_ID product_name    PRICE
---------- ------------- -------
     4 Tank War      $13.95

SQL> set define '&'                    --将变量定义符改回'&'

select name,&v_col
from &v_table
where &v_col = &v_val;                --使用变量替换表名和列名
Enter value for v_col: product_type_id
old   1: select name,&v_col
new   1: select name,product_type_id
Enter value for v_table: products
old   2: from &v_table
new   2: from products
Enter value for v_col: product_type_id
Enter value for v_val: 1
old   3: where &v_col = &v_val
new   3: where product_type_id = 1

select name,&&v_col
from &v_table
where &&v_col = &v_val;                --使用&&避免重复输入变量
Enter value for v_col: product_type_id
old   1: select name,&&v_col
new   1: select name,product_type_id
Enter value for v_table: products
old   2: from &v_table
new   2: from products
Enter value for v_val: 1
old   3: where &&v_col = &v_val
new   3: where product_type_id = 1

SQL> define v_product_id = 4        --使用define命令定义变量
SQL> define v_product_id
DEFINE V_PRODUCT_ID    = "4" (CHAR)
SQL>
select product_id,name,price
from products
  3  where product_id = &v_product_id;
old   3: where product_id = &v_product_id
new   3: where product_id = 4

PRODUCT_ID product_name    PRICE
---------- ------------- -------
     4 Tank War      $13.95

SQL> define
DEFINE _DATE           = "06-JAN-16" (CHAR)
DEFINE _CONNECT_IDENTIFIER = "unicode" (CHAR)
DEFINE _USER           = "STORE" (CHAR)
DEFINE _PRIVILEGE      = "" (CHAR)
DEFINE _SQLPLUS_RELEASE = "1102000400" (CHAR)
DEFINE _EDITOR           = "ed" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_VERSION      = "Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_RELEASE      = "1102000400" (CHAR)
DEFINE V_COL           = "product_type_id" (CHAR)
DEFINE V_PRODUCT_ID    = "4" (CHAR)

SQL> accept v_customer_id number format 99 prompt 'Customer id: '    --使用accept命令定义并设置变量
Customer id: 4
SQL> accept v_date date format 'DD-MON-YYYY' prompt 'Date: '
Date: 06-MAY-2012
SQL> accept v_password char prompt 'Password: ' hide
Password:
 SQL> define
DEFINE _DATE           = "06-JAN-16" (CHAR)
DEFINE _CONNECT_IDENTIFIER = "unicode" (CHAR)
DEFINE _USER           = "STORE" (CHAR)
DEFINE _PRIVILEGE      = "" (CHAR)
DEFINE _SQLPLUS_RELEASE = "1102000400" (CHAR)
DEFINE _EDITOR           = "ed" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_VERSION      = "Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_RELEASE      = "1102000400" (CHAR)
DEFINE V_COL           = "product_type_id" (CHAR)
DEFINE V_PRODUCT_ID    = "4" (CHAR)
DEFINE V_CUSTOMER_ID   =      4 (NUMBER)
DEFINE V_DATE           = "06-MAY-2012" (CHAR)
DEFINE V_PASSWORD      = "1234567" (CHAR)

SQL> undefine v_col
SQL> undefine v_product_id
SQL> undefine v_customer_id
SQL> undefine v_date
SQL> undefine v_password                 --使用undefine命令删除变量

SQL> define
DEFINE _DATE           = "06-JAN-16" (CHAR)
DEFINE _CONNECT_IDENTIFIER = "unicode" (CHAR)
DEFINE _USER           = "STORE" (CHAR)
DEFINE _PRIVILEGE      = "" (CHAR)
DEFINE _SQLPLUS_RELEASE = "1102000400" (CHAR)
DEFINE _EDITOR           = "ed" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_VERSION      = "Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_RELEASE      = "1102000400" (CHAR)

9.创建简单报表

vim /tmp/report1.sql

--suppress display of the statements and verification message
set echo off                --禁止显示脚本中的SQL语句
set verify off                --禁止显示验证消息
select product_id,name,price
from products
where product_id = &v_product_id;    --使用临时变量v_product_id

SQL> @ /tmp/report1.sql
Enter value for v_product_id: 2

PRODUCT_ID product_name    PRICE
---------- ------------- -------
     2 Chemistry      $30.00

vim /tmp/report2.sql

--suppress display of the statements and verification message
set echo off
set verify off
accept v_product_id number format 99 prompt 'Enter product id: '    --使用已定义变量v_product_id
select product_id,name,price
from products
where product_id = &v_product_id;
--clear up
undefine v_product_id

SQL> @ /tmp/report2.sql
Enter product id: 4

PRODUCT_ID product_name    PRICE
---------- ------------- -------
     4 Tank War      $13.95

vim /tmp/report3.sql

--suppress display of the statements and verification message
set echo off                --禁止显示脚本中的SQL语句
set verify off                --禁止显示验证消息
select product_id,name,price
from products
where product_id = &1;        --向脚本中的变量传递值

SQL> @ /tmp/report3.sql 4

PRODUCT_ID product_name    PRICE
---------- ------------- -------
     4 Tank War      $13.95

vim /tmp/report4.sql

--suppress display of the statements and verification message
set echo off                --禁止显示脚本中的SQL语句
set verify off                --禁止显示验证消息
select product_id,product_type_id,name,price
from products
where product_id = &1
and price > &2;                --向脚本中的多个变量传递值

vim /tmp/report5.sql

--添加页眉
ttitle left 'Run date: ' _date center 'Run by the' sql.user ' user' right 'Page: ' format 999 sql.pno skip 2
--添加页脚
btitle center 'Thanks for running the report' right 'Page: ' format 999 sql.pno

set echo off
set verify off
set pagesize 15
set linesize 70
clear columns
column product_id heading id format 99
column name heading 'Product Name' format a20 word_wrapped
column description heading Description format a30 word_wrapped
column price heading Price format $99.99

select product_id,name,description,price
from products;

clear columns
ttitle off
btitle off

vim /tmp/report6.sql

--计算小计
break on product_type_id                    --根据列值的范围分隔输出结果
compute sum of price on product_type_id        --计算一列的值
set echo off
set verify off
set pagesize 20
set linesize 70

clear columns
column price heading Price format $999.99

select product_type_id,name,price
from products
order by product_type_id;

clear columns

10.帮助信息 help

help
help index

11.自动生成SQL语句

select 'drop table ' || table_name||';'
from user_tables
order by table_name;

'DROPTABLE'||TABLE_NAME||';'
------------------------------------------
drop table CUSTOMERS;
drop table EMPLOYEES;
drop table PRODUCTS;
drop table PRODUCT_TYPES;
drop table PURCHASES;
drop table SALARY_GRADES;

 

define 不区分大小写

 

 &data 和 &DATA 是一样的。