《Think in Java》17~18

chapter 17 容器深入研究

填充容器

package cn.test;
 
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
 
class StringAddress{
    private String s;
    public StringAddress(String s) {this.s=s;};
    public String toString() {
        return super.toString()+" "+s;
    }
 
}
public class FillingLists {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<StringAddress> list=new ArrayList<StringAddress>(Collections.nCopies(4, new StringAddress("Hello")));
        System.out.println(list);
        Collections.fill(list, new StringAddress("World!"));
        System.out.println(list);
    }
}

一种Generator解决方案

public interface Generator<T> {
    T next();
}

package cn.test;
 
import java.util.ArrayList;
 
public class CollectionData<T> extends ArrayList<T> {
    public CollectionData(Generator<T> gen,int quantity) {
        for(int i=0;i<quantity;i++) {
            add(gen.next());
        }
    }
    public static <T> CollectionData<T>
    list(Generator<T> gen,int quantity){
        return new CollectionData<T>(gen,quantity);
    }
}

Set和存储顺序

　　

队列

package cn.test;
 
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.PriorityQueue;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.PriorityBlockingQueue;
 
public class QueueBehavior {
    private static int count=10;
    static <T> void test(Queue<T> queue,Generator<T> gen) {
        for(int i=0;i<count;i++) {
            queue.offer(gen.next());
            while(queue.peek()!=null) {
                System.out.print(queue.remove()+" ");
            }
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
    static class Gen implements Generator<String>{
        String[] s=("one two three four five six seven "
                + "eight nine ten").split(" ");
        int i;
        public String next() {
            return s[i++];
        }
 
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        test(new LinkedList<String>(),new Gen());
        test(new PriorityQueue<String>(),new Gen());
        test(new ArrayBlockingQueue<String>(count),new Gen());
        test(new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<String>(),new Gen());
        test(new LinkedBlockingQueue<String>(),new Gen());
        test(new PriorityBlockingQueue<String>(),new Gen());
 
    }
 
}

优先级队列

理解Map

性能

　　

　　

SortedMap

散列与散列码

package cn.test;
 
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;
 
class Groundhog{
    protected int number;
    public Groundhog(int n) {number = n;}
    public String toString() {
        return "Groundhog # "+number;
    }
}
class Prediction{
    private static Random rand=new Random(47);
    private boolean shadow=rand.nextDouble() > 0.5;
    public String toString() {
        if(shadow)
            return "Six more weeks of Winter！";
        else
            return "Early Spring!";
    }
}
public class SpringDetector {
    public static <T extends Groundhog>
    void detectSpring(Class<T> type)throws Exception{
        Constructor<T> ghog = type.getConstructor(int.class);
        Map<Groundhog,Prediction> map=new HashMap<Groundhog,Prediction>();
        for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
            map.put(ghog.newInstance(i), new Prediction());
        System.out.println("map = "+map);
        Groundhog gh = ghog.newInstance(3);
        System.out.println("Looking up prediction for "+gh);
        if(map.containsKey(gh))
            System.out.println(map.get(gh));
        else
            System.out.println("Key not found: "+gh);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        detectSpring(Groundhog.class);
    }
}

为速度而散列

覆盖hashCode()

Collection或Map的同步控制

public class Synchronization {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Collection<String> c = Collections.synchronizedCollection(new ArrayList<String>());
        List<String> list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<String>());
        Set<String> s = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<String>());
        SortedSet<String> ss = Collections.synchronizedSortedSet(new TreeSet<String>());
        Map<String,String> m=Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<String,String>());
        Map<String,String> sm=Collections.synchronizedSortedMap(new TreeMap<String,String>());
    }
}

快速报错

public class FailFast {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Collection<String> c=new ArrayList<String>();
        Iterator<String> it=c.iterator();
        c.add("An object");
        try {
            String s=it.next();
        } catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
 
    }
}
//　　java.util.ConcurrentModificationException

　　在获取迭代器后，容器发生了变化。

持有引用

Hashtable

　　Hashtable 过时的类，线程安全，键值不为null；

　　HashMap 线程不安全 ，但可以通过Collections类转为线程安全。Map m = Collections.synchronizeMap(hashMap)，键值可以为null；

Stack

package cn.test;
 
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Stack;
 
enum Month{
    january,february,march,april,may,june,july,august,september,october,november
}
public class Stacks {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Stack<String> stack=new Stack<String>();
        for(Month m:Month.values())
            stack.push(m.toString());
        System.out.println("stack = "+ stack);
        stack.addElement("The last line");
        System.out.println("element 5 = "+stack.elementAt(5));
        System.out.println("popping elements : ");
        while(!stack.empty())
            System.out.println(stack.pop()+" ");
        LinkedList<String> lstack=new LinkedList<String>();
        for(Month m: Month.values())
            lstack.addFirst(m.toString());
        System.out.println("lstack = "+lstack);
        while(!lstack.isEmpty())
            System.out.println(lstack.removeFirst()+" ");
    }
}
    

chapter 18 Java I/O系统

输入和输出

XML

I/O流的典型使用方式

对象序列化

　　对于某些实现了Serialiazable 又不想被序列化的字段，可以在字段前添加 transient 关键字。