EFK教程(3) - ElasticSearch冷热数据分离

基于ElasticSearch多实例架构，实现资源合理分配、冷热数据分离

作者：“发颠的小狼”，欢迎转载与投稿

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目录

▪ 用途

▪ 架构

▪ 192.168.1.51 elasticsearch-data部署双实例

▪ 192.168.1.52 elasticsearch-data部署双实例

▪ 192.168.1.53 elasticsearch-data部署双实例

▪ 测试

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用途

前情提要：

▷ 在第一篇《EFK教程 - 快速入门指南》中，阐述了EFK的安装部署，其中ES的架构为三节点，即master、ingest、data角色同时部署在三台服务器上。

▷ 在第二篇《EFK教程 - ElasticSearch高性能高可用架构》中，阐述了EFK的data/ingest/master角色的用途及分别部署三节点，在实现性能最大化的同时保障高可用

前两篇文章，ES集群中只存在一个实例，而在本文中，将在一个集群中部署多个ES实例，来实现资源合理分配。例如data服务器存在SSD与SAS硬盘，可以将热数据存放到SSD，而冷数据存放到SAS，实现数据冷热分离。

在本文中，将为data服务器创建2个实例，分别基于SSD和基于SAS硬盘，将nginx的9月份索引放在SAS盘上，其它的全放在SSD盘上

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架构

架构图

服务器配置

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192.168.1.51 elasticsearch-data部署双实例

索引迁移（此步不能忽略）：将192.168.1.51上的索引放到其它2台data节点上

curl -X PUT "192.168.1.31:9200/*/_settings?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "index.routing.allocation.include._ip": "192.168.1.52,192.168.1.53"
}'

确认当前索引存储位置：确认所有索引不在192.168.1.51节点上

curl "http://192.168.1.31:9200/_cat/shards?h=n"

停掉192.168.1.51的进程，修改目录结构及配置：请自行按SSD和SAS硬盘挂载好数据盘

# 安装包下载和部署请参考第一篇《EFK教程 - 快速入门指南》
cd /opt/software/
tar -zxvf elasticsearch-7.3.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
mv /opt/elasticsearch /opt/elasticsearch-SAS
mv elasticsearch-7.3.2 /opt/
mv /opt/elasticsearch-7.3.2 /opt/elasticsearch-SSD
chown elasticsearch.elasticsearch /opt/elasticsearch-* -R
rm -rf /data/SAS/*
chown elasticsearch.elasticsearch /data/* -R
mkdir -p /opt/logs/elasticsearch-SAS
mkdir -p /opt/logs/elasticsearch-SSD
chown elasticsearch.elasticsearch /opt/logs/* -R

SAS实例/opt/elasticsearch-SAS/config/elasticsearch.yml配置

cluster.name: my-application
node.name: 192.168.1.51-SAS
path.data: /data/SAS
path.logs: /opt/logs/elasticsearch-SAS
network.host: 192.168.1.51

http.port: 9200
transport.port: 9300
# discovery.seed_hosts和cluster.initial_master_nodes 一定要带上端口号，不然会走http.port和transport.port端口
discovery.seed_hosts: ["192.168.1.31:9300","192.168.1.32:9300","192.168.1.33:9300"]
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["192.168.1.31:9300","192.168.1.32:9300","192.168.1.33:9300"]
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"

node.master: false
node.ingest: false
node.data: true

# 本机只允行启2个实例
node.max_local_storage_nodes: 2

SSD实例/opt/elasticsearch-SSD/config/elasticsearch.yml配置

cluster.name: my-application
node.name: 192.168.1.51-SSD
path.data: /data/SSD
path.logs: /opt/logs/elasticsearch-SSD
network.host: 192.168.1.51

http.port: 9201
transport.port: 9301
# discovery.seed_hosts和cluster.initial_master_nodes 一定要带上端口号，不然会走http.port和transport.port端口
discovery.seed_hosts: ["192.168.1.31:9300","192.168.1.32:9300","192.168.1.33:9300"]
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["192.168.1.31:9300","192.168.1.32:9300","192.168.1.33:9300"]
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"

node.master: false
node.ingest: false
node.data: true

# 本机只允行启2个实例
node.max_local_storage_nodes: 2

SAS实例和SSD实例启动方式

sudo -u elasticsearch /opt/elasticsearch-SAS/bin/elasticsearch
sudo -u elasticsearch /opt/elasticsearch-SSD/bin/elasticsearch

确认SAS和SSD已启2实例

curl "http://192.168.1.31:9200/_cat/nodes?v"

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192.168.1.52 elasticsearch-data部署双实例

索引迁移（此步不能忽略）：将192.168.1.52上的索引放到其它2台data节点上

curl -X PUT "192.168.1.31:9200/*/_settings?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "index.routing.allocation.include._ip": "192.168.1.51,192.168.1.53"
}'

确认当前索引存储位置： 确认所有索引不在192.168.1.52节点上

curl "http://192.168.1.31:9200/_cat/shards?h=n"

停掉192.168.1.52的进程，修改目录结构及配置：请自行按SSD和SAS硬盘挂载好数据盘

# 安装包下载和部署请参考第一篇《EFK教程 - 快速入门指南》
cd /opt/software/
tar -zxvf elasticsearch-7.3.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
mv /opt/elasticsearch /opt/elasticsearch-SAS
mv elasticsearch-7.3.2 /opt/
mv /opt/elasticsearch-7.3.2 /opt/elasticsearch-SSD
chown elasticsearch.elasticsearch /opt/elasticsearch-* -R
rm -rf /data/SAS/*
chown elasticsearch.elasticsearch /data/* -R
mkdir -p /opt/logs/elasticsearch-SAS
mkdir -p /opt/logs/elasticsearch-SSD
chown elasticsearch.elasticsearch /opt/logs/* -R

SAS实例/opt/elasticsearch-SAS/config/elasticsearch.yml配置

cluster.name: my-application
node.name: 192.168.1.52-SAS
path.data: /data/SAS
path.logs: /opt/logs/elasticsearch-SAS
network.host: 192.168.1.52

http.port: 9200
transport.port: 9300
# discovery.seed_hosts和cluster.initial_master_nodes 一定要带上端口号，不然会走http.port和transport.port端口
discovery.seed_hosts: ["192.168.1.31:9300","192.168.1.32:9300","192.168.1.33:9300"]
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["192.168.1.31:9300","192.168.1.32:9300","192.168.1.33:9300"]
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"

node.master: false
node.ingest: false
node.data: true

# 本机只允行启2个实例
node.max_local_storage_nodes: 2

SSD实例/opt/elasticsearch-SSD/config/elasticsearch.yml配置

cluster.name: my-application
node.name: 192.168.1.52-SSD
path.data: /data/SSD
path.logs: /opt/logs/elasticsearch-SSD
network.host: 192.168.1.52

http.port: 9201
transport.port: 9301
# discovery.seed_hosts和cluster.initial_master_nodes 一定要带上端口号，不然会走http.port和transport.port端口
discovery.seed_hosts: ["192.168.1.31:9300","192.168.1.32:9300","192.168.1.33:9300"]
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["192.168.1.31:9300","192.168.1.32:9300","192.168.1.33:9300"]
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"

node.master: false
node.ingest: false
node.data: true

# 本机只允行启2个实例
node.max_local_storage_nodes: 2

SAS实例和SSD实例启动方式

sudo -u elasticsearch /opt/elasticsearch-SAS/bin/elasticsearch
sudo -u elasticsearch /opt/elasticsearch-SSD/bin/elasticsearch

确认SAS和SSD已启2实例

curl "http://192.168.1.31:9200/_cat/nodes?v"

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192.168.1.53 elasticsearch-data部署双实例

索引迁移（此步不能忽略）：一定要做这步，将192.168.1.53上的索引放到其它2台data节点上

curl -X PUT "192.168.1.31:9200/*/_settings?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "index.routing.allocation.include._ip": "192.168.1.51,192.168.1.52"
}'

确认当前索引存储位置：确认所有索引不在192.168.1.52节点上

curl "http://192.168.1.31:9200/_cat/shards?h=n"

停掉192.168.1.53的进程，修改目录结构及配置：请自行按SSD和SAS硬盘挂载好数据盘

# 安装包下载和部署请参考第一篇《EFK教程 - 快速入门指南》
cd /opt/software/
tar -zxvf elasticsearch-7.3.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
mv /opt/elasticsearch /opt/elasticsearch-SAS
mv elasticsearch-7.3.2 /opt/
mv /opt/elasticsearch-7.3.2 /opt/elasticsearch-SSD
chown elasticsearch.elasticsearch /opt/elasticsearch-* -R
rm -rf /data/SAS/*
chown elasticsearch.elasticsearch /data/* -R
mkdir -p /opt/logs/elasticsearch-SAS
mkdir -p /opt/logs/elasticsearch-SSD
chown elasticsearch.elasticsearch /opt/logs/* -R

SAS实例/opt/elasticsearch-SAS/config/elasticsearch.yml配置

cluster.name: my-application
node.name: 192.168.1.53-SAS
path.data: /data/SAS
path.logs: /opt/logs/elasticsearch-SAS
network.host: 192.168.1.53

http.port: 9200
transport.port: 9300
# discovery.seed_hosts和cluster.initial_master_nodes 一定要带上端口号，不然会走http.port和transport.port端口
discovery.seed_hosts: ["192.168.1.31:9300","192.168.1.32:9300","192.168.1.33:9300"]
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["192.168.1.31:9300","192.168.1.32:9300","192.168.1.33:9300"]
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"

node.master: false
node.ingest: false
node.data: true

# 本机只允行启2个实例
node.max_local_storage_nodes: 2

SSD实例/opt/elasticsearch-SSD/config/elasticsearch.yml配置

cluster.name: my-application
node.name: 192.168.1.53-SSD
path.data: /data/SSD
path.logs: /opt/logs/elasticsearch-SSD
network.host: 192.168.1.53

http.port: 9201
transport.port: 9301
# discovery.seed_hosts和cluster.initial_master_nodes 一定要带上端口号，不然会走http.port和transport.port端口
discovery.seed_hosts: ["192.168.1.31:9300","192.168.1.32:9300","192.168.1.33:9300"]
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["192.168.1.31:9300","192.168.1.32:9300","192.168.1.33:9300"]
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"

node.master: false
node.ingest: false
node.data: true

# 本机只允行启2个实例
node.max_local_storage_nodes: 2

SAS实例和SSD实例启动方式

sudo -u elasticsearch /opt/elasticsearch-SAS/bin/elasticsearch
sudo -u elasticsearch /opt/elasticsearch-SSD/bin/elasticsearch

确认SAS和SSD已启2实例

curl "http://192.168.1.31:9200/_cat/nodes?v"

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测试

将所有索引移到SSD硬盘上

# 下面的参数会在后面的文章讲解，此处照抄即可
curl -X PUT "192.168.1.31:9200/*/_settings?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "index.routing.allocation.include._host_ip": "",
  "index.routing.allocation.include._host": "",
  "index.routing.allocation.include._name": "",
  "index.routing.allocation.include._ip": "",
  "index.routing.allocation.require._name": "*-SSD"
}'

确认所有索引全在SSD硬盘上

curl "http://192.168.1.31:9200/_cat/shards?h=n"

将nginx9月份的日志索引迁移到SAS硬盘上

curl -X PUT "192.168.1.31:9200/nginx_*_2019.09/_settings?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "index.routing.allocation.require._name": "*-SAS"
}'

确认nginx9月份的日志索引迁移到SAS硬盘上

curl "http://192.168.1.31:9200/_cat/shards"