kubernetes 的TCP 数据包可视化

介绍

k8spacket是用 Golang 编写的工具，它使用gopacket第三方库来嗅探工作负载（传入和传出）上的 TCP 数据包。它在运行的容器网络接口上创建 TCP 侦听器。当 Kubernetes 创建一个新容器时，CNI 插件负责提供与其他容器进行通信的可能性。最常见的方法是用linux namespace隔离网络并用veth pair连接隔离的 namespace 与网桥。除了bridge 类型，CNI 插件还可以使用其他类型（vlan, ipvlan,macvlan)，但都为容器创建了一个网络接口，它是k8spacket嗅探器的主要句柄。

k8spacket有助于了解 Kubernetes 集群中的 TCP 数据包流量：

  • 显示集群中工作负载之间的流量

  • 通知流量在集群外路由到哪里

  • 显示有关连接关闭套接字的信息

  • 显示工作负载发送/接收的字节数

  • 计算建立连接的时间

  • 显示整个集群中工作负载之间的网络连接拓扑

k8spacket是一个 Kubernetes API 客户端，可以将嗅探到的工作负载解析为可视化上可见的集群资源名称（Pods和Services）。它作为DaemonSet Pod启动，使用 hostNetwork，并监听节点上的网络接口。

k8spacket 收集 TCP 流、处理数据，使用 Node Graph API Grafana 数据源插件（详情请查看 Node Graph API 插件），通过 API 展示在Grafana面板。

要安装k8spacket，需要同时安装 Grafana。下面将在Kind安装的 k8s 集群上做演示。

添加 k8spacket 的helm源



[root@k8s-master-1 ~]# helm repo add k8spacket https://k8spacket.github.io/k8spacket-helm-chart

"k8spacket" has been added to your repositories

[root@k8s-master-1 ~]#

[root@k8s-master-1 ~]#

[root@k8s-master-1 ~]#

[root@k8s-master-1 ~]# helm install k8spacket --namespace k8spacket k8spacket/k8spacket --create-namespace

NAME: k8spacket

LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Oct 27 18:48:30 2022

NAMESPACE: k8spacket

STATUS: deployed

REVISION: 1

TEST SUITE: None

NOTES:

1. Get the application URL by running these commands:

  export NODE_PORT=$(kubectl get --namespace k8spacket -o jsonpath="{.spec.ports[0].nodePort}" services k8spacket)

  export NODE_IP=$(kubectl get nodes --namespace k8spacket -o jsonpath="{.items[0].status.addresses[0].address}")

  echo http://$NODE_IP:$NODE_PORT

[root@k8s-master-1 ~]#


查看 pod 信息




root@hello:~# kubectl  get pod -n k8spacket

NAME              READY   STATUS             RESTARTS      AGE

k8spacket-46587   0/1     CrashLoopBackOff   2 (23s ago)   2m24s

k8spacket-9wb5q   0/1     CrashLoopBackOff   1 (6s ago)    2m24s

k8spacket-grh7k   0/1     ImagePullBackOff   0             2m24s

k8spacket-hcgg4   0/1     CrashLoopBackOff   1 (4s ago)    2m24s

k8spacket-ng99p   0/1     CrashLoopBackOff   1 (3s ago)    2m24s

k8spacket-p7hgb   0/1     CrashLoopBackOff   1 (4s ago)    2m24s

k8spacket-pk4zt   0/1     CrashLoopBackOff   1 (4s ago)    2m24s

k8spacket-tcksl   0/1     CrashLoopBackOff   1 (6s ago)    2m24s

k8spacket-tkzcc   0/1     CrashLoopBackOff   1 (8s ago)    2m24s

k8spacket-w8r5r   0/1     CrashLoopBackOff   3 (11s ago)   2m24s

root@hello:~#


查看报错为 tunl0 问题




[root@k8s-master-1 ~]# kubectl logs -n k8spacket k8spacket-46587

2022/10/27 13:35:36 Serving requests on port 6676

2022/10/27 13:35:36 Refreshing interfaces for capturing...

2022/10/27 13:35:36 Starting capture on interface "cilium_host"

2022/10/27 13:35:36 Starting capture on interface "tunl0"

2022/10/27 13:35:36 Starting capture on interface "lxc_health"

2022/10/27 13:35:36 Starting capture on interface "cilium_net"

2022/10/27 13:35:36 Starting capture on interface "lxcaaf84592af2d"

2022/10/27 13:35:36 Starting capture on interface "lxcc06519232b44"

2022/10/27 13:35:36 reading in packets

2022/10/27 13:35:36 reading in packets

2022/10/27 13:35:36 error opening pcap handle: tunl0: That device is not up

[root@k8s-master-1 ~]#


修改配置




# 将 charts 包拉取到本地 在进行修改信息

[root@k8s-master-1 ~]# cd /tmp/

[root@k8s-master-1 tmp]# helm fetch k8spacket/k8spacket

[root@k8s-master-1 tmp]# tar -zxf k8spacket-0.1.3.tgz

[root@k8s-master-1 tmp]# cd k8spacket

# 设置配置为

command: "ip address | grep @  | grep -v tunl0 | sed -E 's/.* (\\w+)@.*/\\1/' | tr '\\n' ',' | sed 's/.$//'"

# 完整配置如下

[root@k8s-master-1 k8spacket]# vim values.yaml

[root@k8s-master-1 k8spacket]# cat values.yaml

replicaCount: 1

affinity: {}

image:

  repository: docker.io/k8spacket/k8spacket

  pullPolicy: IfNotPresent

serviceAccount:

  create: true

  # Annotations to add to the service account

  annotations: {}

clusterRole:

  create: true

nodeSelector: {}

podAnnotations: {}

priorityClassName: ""

podSecurityContext:

  runAsUser: 1000

securityContext:

  allowPrivilegeEscalation: true

  capabilities:

    add: [ "NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW" ]

service:

  type: ClusterIP

  port: 8080

  nodePort:

resources:

  requests:

    memory: "1000Mi"

    cpu: "250m"

  limits:

    memory: "1500Mi"

    cpu: "500m"

tolerations: []

k8sPacket:

  metrics:

    ## Hide source port when 'true' (set to string value 'dynamic' instead of decimal real source port) for Prometheus metrics cardinality reasons

    hideSourcePort: true

    reverseLookup:

      ## Reverse lookup db file based on GeoLite2 Free Geolocation Data

      ## See: https://dev.maxmind.com/geoip/geolite2-free-geolocation-data?lang=en

      geoipDBPath: "/home/k8spacket/GeoLite2-City.mmdb"

      ## Whois result match regexp

      whoisRegexp: "(?:OrgName:|org-name:)\\s*(.*)"

  tcp:

    listener:

      port: 6676

      interfaces:

        ## Command to achieve containers network interfaces

        command: "ip address | grep @  | grep -v tunl0 | sed -E 's/.* (\\w+)@.*/\\1/' | tr '\\n' ',' | sed 's/.$//'"

        ## How often refresh the list of network interfaces to listen

        refreshPeriod: "10s"

    assembler:

      ## See: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/google/gopacket/tcpassembly#AssemblerOptions

      maxPagesPerConnection: 50

      maxPagesTotal: 50

      ## Every (periodDuration) seconds, flush connections that haven't seen activity in the past (closeOlderThanDuration) seconds.

      flushing:

        periodDuration: "10s"

        closeOlderThanDuration: "20s"

[root@k8s-master-1 k8spacket]#


重新安装 k8spacket




[root@k8s-master-1 k8spacket]# helm uninstall k8spacket -n k8spacket

[root@k8s-master-1 k8spacket]# helm install k8spacket --namespace k8spacket . --create-namespace

NAME: k8spacket

LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Oct 27 21:47:38 2022

NAMESPACE: k8spacket

STATUS: deployed

REVISION: 1

TEST SUITE: None

NOTES:

1. Get the application URL by running these commands:

  export NODE_PORT=$(kubectl get --namespace k8spacket -o jsonpath="{.spec.ports[0].nodePort}" services k8spacket)

  export NODE_IP=$(kubectl get nodes --namespace k8spacket -o jsonpath="{.items[0].status.addresses[0].address}")

  echo http://$NODE_IP:$NODE_PORT

[root@k8s-master-1 k8spacket]#


查看验证




[root@k8s-master-1 ~]# kubectl  get pod -n k8spacket  -o wide

NAME              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP             NODE           NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES

k8spacket-8kxnx   1/1     Running   0          4m27s   192.168.1.66   k8s-node-3     <none>           <none>

k8spacket-cqpks   1/1     Running   0          4m27s   192.168.1.70   k8s-node-6     <none>           <none>

k8spacket-h72fc   1/1     Running   0          4m27s   192.168.1.67   k8s-node-4     <none>           <none>

k8spacket-jkxg9   1/1     Running   0          4m27s   192.168.1.75   k8s-node-7     <none>           <none>

k8spacket-kgpql   1/1     Running   0          4m27s   192.168.1.62   k8s-master-2   <none>           <none>

k8spacket-lf9br   1/1     Running   0          4m27s   192.168.1.61   k8s-master-1   <none>           <none>

k8spacket-mcbv5   1/1     Running   0          4m27s   192.168.1.68   k8s-node-5     <none>           <none>

k8spacket-ndlzt   1/1     Running   0          4m27s   192.168.1.64   k8s-node-1     <none>           <none>

k8spacket-vfg2x   1/1     Running   0          4m27s   192.168.1.63   k8s-master-3   <none>           <none>

k8spacket-vvwtr   1/1     Running   0          4m27s   192.168.1.65   k8s-node-2     <none>           <none>

[root@k8s-master-1 ~]#

[root@k8s-master-1 ~]# kubectl  get svc -n k8spacket  -o wide

NAME        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE     SELECTOR

k8spacket   ClusterIP   10.110.30.53   <none>        8080/TCP   4m31s   app.kubernetes.io/instance=k8spacket,app.kubernetes.io/name=k8spacket

[root@k8s-master-1 ~]#

访问验证

[root@k8s-master-1 ~]# curl 10.110.30.53:8080/metrics


安装 dashboards 配置




[root@k8s-master-1 ~]# cd /tmp/

[root@k8s-master-1 tmp]#

[root@k8s-master-1 tmp]# wget https://github.com/k8spacket/k8spacket/archive/refs/heads/master.zip

[root@k8s-master-1 tmp]# unzip master.zip

[root@k8s-master-1 tmp]#

[root@k8s-master-1 tmp]# cd k8spacket-master

[root@k8s-master-1 k8spacket-master]#

[root@k8s-master-1 k8spacket-master]# kubectl apply -f ./dashboards/

configmap/k8spacket-logs-dashboard created

configmap/k8spacket-metrics-dashboard created

configmap/k8spacket-node-graph-dashboard created

[root@k8s-master-1 k8spacket-master]#


安装 Grafana




[root@k8s-master-1 tmp]# helm repo add grafana https://grafana.github.io/helm-charts

"grafana" has been added to your repositories

[root@k8s-master-1 tmp]# helm fetch grafana/grafana

[root@k8s-master-1 tmp]#

[root@k8s-master-1 tmp]# tar -zxf grafana-6.43.1.tgz


修改Grafana配置内容




[root@k8s-master-1 tmp]# cd grafana/

[root@k8s-master-1 grafana]#

[root@k8s-master-1 grafana]# vim values.yaml

修改以下配置内容

persistence:

  type: pvc

  enabled: true

env:

  GF_INSTALL_PLUGINS: hamedkarbasi93-nodegraphapi-datasource

dashboardProviders:

  dashboardproviders.yaml:

    apiVersion: 1

    providers:

    - name: 'default'

      orgId: 1

      folder: ''

      type: file

      disableDeletion: false

      editable: true

      options:

        path: /var/lib/grafana/dashboards/default

dashboardsConfigMaps:

  default: k8spacket-node-graph-dashboard

datasources:

  nodegraphapi-plugin-datasource.yaml:

      apiVersion: 1

      datasources:

      - name: "Node Graph API"

        jsonData:

          url: "http://k8spacket.k8spacket.svc.cluster.local:8080"

        access: "proxy"

        basicAuth: false

        isDefault: false

        readOnly: false

        type: "hamedkarbasi93-nodegraphapi-datasource"

        typeLogoUrl: "public/plugins/hamedkarbasi93-nodegraphapi-datasource/img/logo.svg"

        typeName: "node-graph-plugin"

        orgId: 1

        version: 1


安装Grafana




[root@k8s-master-1 grafana]# helm install grafana -f values.yaml  ./

NAME: grafana

LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Oct 27 22:11:27 2022

NAMESPACE: default

STATUS: deployed

REVISION: 1

NOTES:

1. Get your 'admin' user password by running:

   kubectl get secret --namespace default grafana -o jsonpath="{.data.admin-password}" | base64 --decode ; echo

2. The Grafana server can be accessed via port 80 on the following DNS name from within your cluster:

   grafana.default.svc.cluster.local

   Get the Grafana URL to visit by running these commands in the same shell:

     export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace default -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=grafana,app.kubernetes.io/instance=grafana" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")

     kubectl --namespace default port-forward $POD_NAME 3000

3. Login with the password from step 1 and the username: admin

[root@k8s-master-1 grafana]#


修改为NodePort




[root@k8s-master-1 grafana]# kubectl  get svc

NAME                   TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE

echo-a                 ClusterIP   10.108.160.226   <none>        8080/TCP         6d9h

echo-b                 NodePort    10.108.200.169   <none>        8080:31414/TCP   6d9h

echo-b-headless        ClusterIP   None             <none>        8080/TCP         6d9h

echo-b-host-headless   ClusterIP   None             <none>        <none>           6d9h

grafana                ClusterIP   10.101.109.183   <none>        80/TCP           4m

kubernetes             ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP          6d9h

[root@k8s-master-1 grafana]#

[root@k8s-master-1 grafana]# kubectl  edit svc grafana

service/grafana edited

[root@k8s-master-1 grafana]#

[root@k8s-master-1 grafana]# kubectl  get svc

NAME                   TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE

echo-a                 ClusterIP   10.108.160.226   <none>        8080/TCP         6d9h

echo-b                 NodePort    10.108.200.169   <none>        8080:31414/TCP   6d9h

echo-b-headless        ClusterIP   None             <none>        8080/TCP         6d9h

echo-b-host-headless   ClusterIP   None             <none>        <none>           6d9h

grafana                NodePort    10.101.109.183   <none>        80:30973/TCP     4m37s

kubernetes             ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP          6d9h

[root@k8s-master-1 grafana]#


查看Grafana密码




[root@k8s-master-1 grafana]# kubectl get secret --namespace default grafana -o jsonpath="{.data.admin-password}" | base64 --decode ; echo

9O1Hd9LOqJ6LKUjZTlEWAGeXRitr0CZd4p6fr00J

[root@k8s-master-1 grafana]#


访问地址




访问

http://192.168.1.61:30973/

添加 Node Graph API 插件

http://192.168.1.61:30973/plugins

查看 Node Graph API 数据收集源

http://192.168.1.61:30973/datasources




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