• 88-Ajax简介
  • 89-Ajax的简单实现
  • 90-基于Ajax的传递数据
  • 91-基于Ajax的登录验证
  • 92-基于Form表单的文件上传
  • 93-请求头之contentType
  • 94-Ajax传递json数据
  • 95-基于Ajax的文件上传
  • 96-分页器1
  • 97-分页器2
  • 98-分页器3
  • 99-分页器4
  • 100-form组件的校验功能
  • 101-form组件的渲染标签功能1
  • 102-form组件的渲染标签功能2
  • 103-form组件的渲染错误信息
  • 104-form组件的参数配置
  • 105-form组件检验的局部钩子
  • 106-组件之全局钩子校验
  • 107-HTTP协议的无状态保存
  • 108-Cookie简介
  • 109-Cookie的设置与读取
  • 110-设置Cookie的超时参数
  • 111-设置Cookie的有效路径
  • 112-Cookie应用之保存上次访问时间
  • 113-session的流程简介
  • 114-session之保存登录状态
  • 115-session应用之保存上次登录时间
  • 116-session的更新操作
  • 117-基于session的注销功能
  • 118-session的总结
  • 119-用户认证组件简介
  • 120-基于用户认证组件的登录验证信息存储
  • 121-基于用户认证组件的注销功能
  • 122-基于用户认证组件的注册用户功能
  • 123-基于用户认证组件的认证装饰器
  • 124-中间件的实现流程
  • 125-中间件的process_request和process_response方法
  • 126-中间件之process_view方法
  • 127-中间件之process_exception
  • 128-中间之应用

88-Ajax简介

1、什么是Ajax?

AJAX(Asynchronous Javascript And XML)翻译成中文就是“异步Javascript和XML”。即使用Javascript语言与服务器进行异步交互,传输的数据为XML(当然,传输的数据不只是XML,现在更多使用json数据);

  • 同步交互:客户端发出一个请求后,需要等待服务器响应结束后,才能发出第二个请求;

  • 异步交互:客户端发出一个请求后,无需等待服务器响应结束,就可以发出第二个请求;

AJAX除了异步的特点外,还有一个就是:浏览器页面局部刷新;(这一特点给用户的感受是在不知不觉中完成请求和响应过程);

2、Ajax的使用场景;

3、Ajax的优点;

  • AJAX使用Javascript技术向服务器发送异步请求;

  • Ajax无须刷新整个页面;

89-Ajax的简单实现

1、创建Django项目-AjaxDemo;

2、配置urls.py;

"""AjaxDemo URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('index/', views.index),
path('test_ajax/', views.test_ajax),
]

3、编写视图函数views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

def index(request):
return render(request,"index.html") def test_ajax(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello cuixiaozhao!")

4、编写templates下的index.html文件;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js"></script>
<style type="text/css"> </style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>This is Index</h3>
<button class="Ajax">Ajax</button>
<p class="content"></p>
</body>
<script>
$(".Ajax").click(function () {
//alert("This is Ajax") //发送Ajax请求;
$.ajax({
url:"/test_ajax/",//请求的URL;
type:"get",//请求方式post;
success:function (data) {//回调函数,某个事件执行完之后,再去执行的函数;
console.log(data);
$(".content").html(data)
}
})
})
</script>
</html>

5、引入CDN类型的jQuery文件;

    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js"></script>

各版本的jQuery的CDN地址;https://www.bootcdn.cn/jquery/

6、编写Ajax请求的js;

<script>
$(".Ajax").click(function () {
//alert("This is Ajax") //发送Ajax请求;
$.ajax({
url:"/test_ajax/",//请求的URL;
type:"get",//请求方式post;
success:function (data) {//回调函数,某个事件执行完之后,再去执行的函数;
console.log(data);
$(".content").html(data)
}
})
})
</script>

7、进行验证;

90-基于Ajax的传递数据

1、基于Ajax的传递数据;

2、将settings.py中的 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',先注释掉;

urls.py;

"""AjaxDemo URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('index/', views.index),
path('test_ajax/', views.test_ajax),
path('cal/', views.cal),
]

views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

def index(request):
print(request.GET)
return render(request,"index.html") def test_ajax(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello cuixiaozhao!") def cal(request):
print(request.POST)
n1 = int(request.POST.get("n1"))
n2 = int(request.POST.get("n2"))
ret = n1 + n2
return HttpResponse(ret)

index.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js"></script>
<style type="text/css"> </style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>This is Index</h3>
<button class="Ajax">Ajax</button>
<p class="content"></p>
<hr> <input type="text" id="num1">+<input type="text" id="num2">=<input id="ret" type="text" ><button class="cal">计算</button>
</body>
<script>
$(".Ajax").click(function () {
//alert("This is Ajax") //发送Ajax请求;
$.ajax({
url:"/test_ajax/",//请求的URL;
type:"get",//请求方式post;
data:{age:26,sex:2},
success:function (data) {//回调函数,某个事件执行完之后,再去执行的函数;
console.log(data);
$(".content").html(data)
}
})
}) //Ajax计算求值;
$(".cal").click(function () {
$.ajax({
url:"/cal/",
type:"post",
data:{
"n1":$("#num1").val(),
"n2":$("#num2").val(),
},
success:function (data) {
console.log(data);
$("#ret").val(data);
}
})
})
</script>
</html>

操作日志:

Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).

You have 15 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
August 20, 2018 - 16:51:22
Django version 2.1, using settings 'AjaxDemo.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
<QueryDict: {}>
[20/Aug/2018 16:51:45] "GET /index/ HTTP/1.1" 200 798
[20/Aug/2018 16:51:46] "GET /test_ajax/?age=26&sex=2 HTTP/1.1" 200 18

91-基于Ajax的登录验证

1、基于Ajax的登录验证;

2、views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.
from app01.models import User def index(request):
print(request.GET)
return render(request,"index.html") def test_ajax(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello cuixiaozhao!") def cal(request):
print(request.POST)
n1 = int(request.POST.get("n1"))
n2 = int(request.POST.get("n2"))
ret = n1 + n2
return HttpResponse(ret) def login(request):
# print(request.POST)
user = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
user = User.objects.filter(name=user,pwd=pwd).first() res = {"User":None,"msg":None} if user:
res["user"] = user.name
else:
res["msg"] = "Username or Password is Wrong!"
import json
#引入json的目的,是因为http协议传输过程中,必须使用字符串;如此引入了"序列化"以及"反序列化"的概念;
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(res))

3、urls.py;

"""AjaxDemo URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('index/', views.index),
path('test_ajax/', views.test_ajax),
path('cal/', views.cal),
path('login/', views.login),
]

4、index.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js"></script>
<style type="text/css"> </style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>This is Index</h3>
<button class="Ajax">Ajax</button>
<p class="content"></p>
<hr>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br> <input type="text" id="num1">+<input type="text" id="num2">=<input id="ret" type="text" ><button class="cal">计算</button>
<hr>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<from action="">
用户名:<input type="text" id="user">
密码:<input type="password" id="pwd">
<input type="button" value="submit" class="login_btn"><span class="error"></span>
</from> <script>
$(".Ajax").click(function () {
//alert("This is Ajax") //发送Ajax请求;
$.ajax({
url:"/test_ajax/",//请求的URL;
type:"get",//请求方式post;
data:{age:26,sex:2},
success:function (data) {//回调函数,某个事件执行完之后,再去执行的函数;
console.log(data);
$(".content").html(data)
}
})
}) //Ajax计算求值;
$(".cal").click(function () {
$.ajax({
url:"/cal/",
type:"post",
data:{
"n1":$("#num1").val(),
"n2":$("#num2").val(),
},
success:function (data) {
console.log(data);
$("#ret").val(data);
}
})
}) //Ajax的登录验证;
$(".login_btn").click(function () {
$.ajax({
url:"/login/",
type:"post",
data:{
"user":$("#user").val(),
"pwd":$("#pwd").val(),
},
success:function (data) {
console.log(data);//json字符串;
console.log(typeof data);
var data = JSON.parse(data)//反序列化,object{}
console.log(data);//json字符串;
console.log(typeof data);
if (data.user){
location.href = "http://www.cnblogs.com/tqtl991/"
}else {
$(".error").html(data.msg).css({"color":"red","margin-left":"10px"})
}
}
})
})
</script>
</body> </html>

92-基于Form表单的文件上传

1、urls.py;

"""AjaxDemo URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('index/', views.index),
path('test_ajax/', views.test_ajax),
path('cal/', views.cal),
path('login/', views.login),
path('file_put/', views.file_put),
]

2、views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.
from app01.models import User def index(request):
print(request.GET)
return render(request,"index.html") def test_ajax(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello cuixiaozhao!") def cal(request):
print(request.POST)
n1 = int(request.POST.get("n1"))
n2 = int(request.POST.get("n2"))
ret = n1 + n2
return HttpResponse(ret) def login(request):
# print(request.POST)
user = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
user = User.objects.filter(name=user,pwd=pwd).first() res = {"User":None,"msg":None} if user:
res["user"] = user.name
else:
res["msg"] = "Username or Password is Wrong!"
import json
#引入json的目的,是因为http协议传输过程中,必须使用字符串;如此引入了"序列化"以及"反序列化"的概念;
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(res)) def file_put(request):
if request.method == "POST":
print(request.POST)
print(request.FILES)
file_obj = request.FILES.get("avatar")
with open(file_obj.name,"wb") as f:
for line in file_obj:
f.write(line) return HttpResponse("OK")
return render(request,"file_put.html")

3、file_put.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style type="text/css"> </style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>基于Form表单的文件上传</h3>
<form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
用户名:<input type="text" name="user">
头像:<input type="file" name="avatar">
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

4、注意打开文件的方式;

def file_put(request):
if request.method == "POST":
print(request.POST)
print(request.FILES)#先获取了文件这个对象;
file_obj = request.FILES.get("avatar")
with open(file_obj.name,"wb") as f:#通过file_obj.name拿到原有本文的文件名,而不是自己指定。记得以“wb”的模式打开;
for line in file_obj:
f.write(line) return HttpResponse("OK")
return render(request,"file_put.html")

93-请求头之contentType

1、请求头之ContentType;

2、file_put.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js"></script>
<style type="text/css"> </style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>简单的form</h3>
<form action="" method="post" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded">
用户名:<input type="text" name="user">
密码:<input type="password" name="pwd">
<input type="submit">
</form> <hr>
<h3>基于Form表单的文件上传</h3>
<form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
用户名:<input type="text" name="user">
头像:<input type="file" name="avatar">
<input type="submit">
</form> <h3>基于Ajax文件上传</h3>
<form action="" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="user">
<input type="button" class="btn" value="Ajax">
</form>
<script>
$(".btn").click(function () {
$.ajax({
url:"",
type:"post",
data:{
a:1,
b:2, },
success:function (data) {
console.log(data) }
})
})
</script>
</body>
</html>

views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.
from app01.models import User def index(request):
print(request.GET)
return render(request,"index.html") def test_ajax(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello cuixiaozhao!") def cal(request):
print(request.POST)
n1 = int(request.POST.get("n1"))
n2 = int(request.POST.get("n2"))
ret = n1 + n2
return HttpResponse(ret) def login(request):
# print(request.POST)
user = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
user = User.objects.filter(name=user,pwd=pwd).first() res = {"User":None,"msg":None} if user:
res["user"] = user.name
else:
res["msg"] = "Username or Password is Wrong!"
import json
#引入json的目的,是因为http协议传输过程中,必须使用字符串;如此引入了"序列化"以及"反序列化"的概念;
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(res)) def file_put(request):
if request.method == "POST":
print(request.POST)
print(request.FILES)
# file_obj = request.FILES.get("avatar")
# with open(file_obj.name,"wb") as f:
# for line in file_obj:
# f.write(line) return HttpResponse("OK")
return render(request,"file_put.html") """
请求首行:
请求头:
请求头:
请求头:
........
请求头:ContentType:urlencode
请求体(a=1&b=2&c=3):
"""

94-Ajax传递json数据

1、Ajax传递json数据;

views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.
from app01.models import User def index(request):
print(request.GET)
return render(request,"index.html") def test_ajax(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello cuixiaozhao!") def cal(request):
print(request.POST)
n1 = int(request.POST.get("n1"))
n2 = int(request.POST.get("n2"))
ret = n1 + n2
return HttpResponse(ret) def login(request):
# print(request.POST)
user = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
user = User.objects.filter(name=user,pwd=pwd).first() res = {"User":None,"msg":None} if user:
res["user"] = user.name
else:
res["msg"] = "Username or Password is Wrong!"
import json
#引入json的目的,是因为http协议传输过程中,必须使用字符串;如此引入了"序列化"以及"反序列化"的概念;
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(res)) def file_put(request):
if request.method == "POST":
print("body",request.body)#请求报文中的请求体!
print("POST",request.POST)
print(request.FILES)
# file_obj = request.FILES.get("avatar")
# with open(file_obj.name,"wb") as f:
# for line in file_obj:
# f.write(line) return HttpResponse("OK")
return render(request,"file_put.html") """
请求首行:
请求头:
请求头:
请求头:
........
请求头:ContentType:json#urlencode
请求体{"a":1,"b":2}:#a=1&b=2&c=3
"""

file_put.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js"></script>
<style type="text/css"> </style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>简单的form</h3>
<form action="" method="post" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded">
用户名:<input type="text" name="user">
密码:<input type="password" name="pwd">
<input type="submit">
</form> <hr>
<h3>基于Form表单的文件上传</h3>
<form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
用户名:<input type="text" name="user">
头像:<input type="file" name="avatar">
<input type="submit">
</form> <h3>基于Ajax文件上传</h3>
<form action="" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="user">
<input type="button" class="btn" value="Ajax">
</form>
<script>
$(".btn").click(function () {
$.ajax({
url:"",
type:"post",
contentType:"application/json",
data:JSON.stringify({
a:1,
b:2, }),
success:function (data) {
console.log(data) }
})
})
</script>
</body>
</html>

操作日志:

"D:\Program\PyCharm 2018.1.4\bin\runnerw.exe" C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\AjaxDemo\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/TQTL911/PycharmProjects/AjaxDemo/manage.py runserver 8000
Performing system checks... System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
August 21, 2018 - 09:37:03
Django version 2.1, using settings 'AjaxDemo.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
<QueryDict: {}>
[21/Aug/2018 09:37:05] "GET /index/ HTTP/1.1" 200 2383
Not Found: /favicon.ico
[21/Aug/2018 09:37:05] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 2509
[21/Aug/2018 09:37:07] "POST /login/ HTTP/1.1" 200 55
[21/Aug/2018 09:37:26] "GET /file_put/ HTTP/1.1" 200 1227
[21/Aug/2018 09:37:30] "POST /file_put/ HTTP/1.1" 200 2
b'{"a":1,"b":2}'
<QueryDict: {}>
<MultiValueDict: {}>
[21/Aug/2018 09:37:56] "GET /file_put/ HTTP/1.1" 200 1227
b'{"a":1,"b":2}'
[21/Aug/2018 09:38:28] "POST /file_put/ HTTP/1.1" 200 2
<QueryDict: {}>
<MultiValueDict: {}>
Performing system checks... System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
August 21, 2018 - 09:40:11
Django version 2.1, using settings 'AjaxDemo.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.

95-基于Ajax的文件上传

1、基于Ajax的文件上传;

views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.
from app01.models import User def index(request):
print(request.GET)
return render(request,"index.html") def test_ajax(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello cuixiaozhao!") def cal(request):
print(request.POST)
n1 = int(request.POST.get("n1"))
n2 = int(request.POST.get("n2"))
ret = n1 + n2
return HttpResponse(ret) def login(request):
# print(request.POST)
user = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
user = User.objects.filter(name=user,pwd=pwd).first() res = {"User":None,"msg":None} if user:
res["user"] = user.name
else:
res["msg"] = "Username or Password is Wrong!"
import json
#引入json的目的,是因为http协议传输过程中,必须使用字符串;如此引入了"序列化"以及"反序列化"的概念;
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(res)) def file_put(request):
if request.method == "POST":
print("body",request.body)#请求报文中的请求体!
print("POST",request.POST)
print(request.FILES)
# file_obj = request.FILES.get("avatar")
# with open(file_obj.name,"wb") as f:
# for line in file_obj:
# f.write(line) return HttpResponse("OK")
return render(request,"file_put.html") """
请求首行:
请求头:
请求头:
请求头:
........
请求头:ContentType:json#urlencode
请求体{"a":1,"b":2}:#a=1&b=2&c=3
"""

file_put.py;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js"></script>
<style type="text/css"> </style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>简单的form</h3>
<form action="" method="post" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded">
用户名:<input type="text" name="user">
密码:<input type="password" name="pwd">
<input type="submit">
</form> <hr>
<h3>基于Form表单的文件上传</h3>
<form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
用户名:<input type="text" name="user">
头像:<input type="file" name="avatar">
<input type="submit">
</form>
<hr>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<!--
<h3>Ajax传递json数据</h3>
<form action="" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="user">
<input type="button" class="btn" value="Ajax">
</form>
-->
<hr>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<h2>基于Ajax的文件上传</h2>
<form action="" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" id="user">
头像:<input type="text" id="avatar">
<input type="file" class="btn" value="Ajax">
<input type="button" class="btn" value="Ajax">
</form> <script>
//Ajax传递json数据;
/* $(".btn").click(function () {
$.ajax({
url:"",
type:"post",
contentType:"application/json",
data:JSON.stringify({
a:1,
b:2, }),
success:function (data) {
console.log(data) }
})
})
*/ //基于Ajax上传文件;
$(".btn").click(function () {
var formdata = new FormData();
formdata.append("user",$("#user").val());
formdata.append("avatar",$("#avatar")[0].files[0]); $.ajax({
url:"",
type:"post",
ContentType:false,
processData:false,
data:formdata,
success:function (data) {
console.log(data)
}
})
})
</script>
</body>
</html>

96-分页器1

1、Django中的分页器初识;

  Django 提供了几个类, 可以帮助我们管理分页数据 - 也就是说,通过 "上一个 / 下一个" 链接分割多个页面的数据, 这些类放在 `django/core/ paginator.py`中。

2、创建PageDemo的Django项目并配置应用app01;

3、配置urls.py;

"""PageDemo URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('index/', views.index),
]

4、编写视图函数views.py;

  • for循环导入数据(不建议);
  • 通过bulk_create()方法一次性批量插入数据;
  • 通过django.core.paginator导入Paginator,EmptyPage模块;
  • Paginator下的count()方法;
  • Paginator下的num_pages()方法;
  • Paginator下的page_range()方法;
  • try except 异常捕获的引入;

5、templates下新增index.html文件;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style type="text/css"> </style>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
{% for book in current_page %}
<li>{{ book.title }}:{{ book.price }}</li>
{% endfor %} </ul>
</body>
</html>

6、创建models.py文件;

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
price = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=2,max_digits=8)

7、执行数据库迁移操作;

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.17134.1]
(c) 2018 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。 (venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\PageDemo>python manage.py makemigrations
Migrations for 'app01':
app01\migrations\0001_initial.py
- Create model Book (venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\PageDemo>python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: admin, app01, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK
Applying app01.0001_initial... OK
Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK (venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\PageDemo>^A

8、进行项目启动;

9、访问index.html页面;

10、链接sqllite数据库并查看数据;

操作日志;

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
August 21, 2018 - 11:16:16
Django version 2.1, using settings 'PageDemo.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
分页器的count: 100
C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\PageDemo\app01\views.py:26: UnorderedObjectListWarning: Pagination may yield inconsistent results with an unordered object_list: <class 'app01.models.Book'> QuerySet.
分页器的num_pages: 13
paginator = Paginator(book_list,8)
分页器的page_range: range(1, 14)
分页器的object_list <QuerySet [<Book: Book object (1)>, <Book: Book object (2)>, <Book: Book object (3)>, <Book: Book object (4)>, <Book: Book object (5)>, <Book: Book object (6)>, <Book: Book object (7)>, <Book: Book object (8)>]>
Book object (1)
Book object (2)
Book object (3)
Book object (4)
Book object (5)
Book object (6)
Book object (7)
Book object (8)
[21/Aug/2018 11:32:37] "GET /index/ HTTP/1.1" 200 463

97-分页器2

1、分页器实现显示页码;

2、引入CDN类型的Bootstrap;

使用 BootCDN 提供的免费 CDN 加速服务(同时支持 http 和 https 协议)

Bootstrap 中文网 为 Bootstrap 专门构建了免费的 CDN 加速服务,访问速度更快、加速效果更明显、没有速度和带宽限制、永久免费。BootCDN 还对大量的前端开源工具库提供了 CDN 加速服务,请进入BootCDN 主页查看更多可用的工具库。

<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous"> <!-- 可选的 Bootstrap 主题文件(一般不用引入) -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css" integrity="sha384-rHyoN1iRsVXV4nD0JutlnGaslCJuC7uwjduW9SVrLvRYooPp2bWYgmgJQIXwl/Sp" crossorigin="anonymous"> <!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

3、添加Bootstrap下的分页组件;

<nav aria-label="Page navigation">
<ul class="pagination">
<li>
<a href="#" aria-label="Previous">
<span aria-hidden="true">&laquo;</span>
</a>
</li>
<li><a href="#">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#">5</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#" aria-label="Next">
<span aria-hidden="true">&raquo;</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>

4、针对分页的内容进行循环遍历;

index.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Django中的分页器</title>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<ul>
{% for book in current_page %}
<li>{{ book.title }}:{{ book.price }}</li>
{% endfor %} </ul> <nav aria-label="Page navigation">
<ul class="pagination">
<li>
<a href="#" aria-label="Previous"><span aria-hidden="true">上一页</span></a>
</li>
{% for item in paginator.page_range %}
{% if current_page_num == item %}
<li class="active"><a href="?page={{ item }}">{{ item }}</a></li>
{% else %}
<li ><a href="?page={{ item }}">{{ item }}</a></li>
{% endif %} {% endfor %} <li>
<a href="#" aria-label="Next"><span aria-hidden="true">下一页</span></a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav> </body>
</html>

views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.

from app01.models import *
#引入Django中的分页器;
from django.core.paginator import Paginator,EmptyPage
def index(request):
""
'''
# #循环插入,不可取,效率低下,数据库压力过大!;
# for i in range(10):
# Book.objects.create(title="Book_%s"%i,price=i*i)
#批量插入;
book_list = []
for i in range(100):
book = Book(title="book_%s"%i,price=i*i)
book_list.append(book)
#一次性批量插入;
Book.objects.bulk_create(book_list)
:param request:
:return:
'''
book_list = Book.objects.all()
#分页器;
paginator = Paginator(book_list,8)
print("分页器的count:",paginator.count)#数据总数;
print("分页器的num_pages:",paginator.num_pages)#总页数;
print("分页器的page_range:",paginator.page_range)#页码的列表;
#加入异常捕获;
try:
current_page_num = int(request.GET.get("page",1))
current_page = paginator.page(current_page_num)
#page1 = paginator.page(2)
#page1 = paginator.page(3) #显示某一页具体数据的两种方式;
print("分页器的object_list",current_page.object_list)
#进入循环打印;
for i in current_page:
print(i)
except EmptyPage as e:
#捕获到异常后,定位至第一页面,但是要提起导入EmptyPage模块;
current_page = paginator.page(1) return render(request,"index.html",locals())

5、已选中的页签,进行加深显示;

98-分页器3

1、Django分页器3;

2、添加分页器的如下属性:

  • ?page = {{ current_page_num|add:-1 }}
  • ?page={{ current_page.previous_page_number}}

3、index.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Django中的分页器</title>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<ul>
{% for book in current_page %}
<li>{{ book.title }}:{{ book.price }}</li>
{% endfor %} </ul> <nav aria-label="Page navigation">
<ul class="pagination">
{% if current_page.has_previous %}
<li>
<!--<a href="?page={{ current_page_num|add:-1 }}" aria-label="Previous"><span aria-hidden="true">上一页</span></a>-->
<a href="?page={{ current_page.previous_page_number}}" aria-label="Previous"><span aria-hidden="true">上一页</span></a>
</li>
{% else %}
<li class="disabled">
<a href="" aria-label="Previous"><span aria-hidden="true">上一页</span></a>
</li>
{% endif %} {% for item in paginator.page_range %}
{% if current_page_num == item %}
<li class="active"><a href="?page={{ item }}">{{ item }}</a></li>
{% else %}
<li ><a href="?page={{ item }}">{{ item }}</a></li>
{% endif %} {% endfor %} {% if current_page.has_next %}
<li >
<a href="?page={{ current_page.next_page_number}}" aria-label="Next"><span aria-hidden="true">下一页</span></a>
</li>
{% else %}
<li class="disabled">
<a href="" aria-label="Next"><span aria-hidden="true">下一页</span></a>
</li>
{% endif %} </ul>
</nav> </body>
</html>

99-分页器4

1、Django下的分页器4;

2、index.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Django中的分页器</title>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<ul>
{% for book in current_page %}
<li>{{ book.title }}:{{ book.price }}</li>
{% endfor %} </ul> <nav aria-label="Page navigation">
<ul class="pagination">
{% if current_page.has_previous %}
<li>
<!--<a href="?page={{ current_page_num|add:-1 }}" aria-label="Previous"><span aria-hidden="true">上一页</span></a>-->
<a href="?page={{ current_page.previous_page_number}}" aria-label="Previous"><span aria-hidden="true">上一页</span></a>
</li>
{% else %}
<li class="disabled">
<a href="" aria-label="Previous"><span aria-hidden="true">上一页</span></a>
</li>
{% endif %} {% for item in page_range %}
{% if current_page_num == item %}
<li class="active"><a href="?page={{ item }}">{{ item }}</a></li>
{% else %}
<li ><a href="?page={{ item }}">{{ item }}</a></li>
{% endif %} {% endfor %} {% if current_page.has_next %}
<li >
<a href="?page={{ current_page.next_page_number}}" aria-label="Next"><span aria-hidden="true">下一页</span></a>
</li>
{% else %}
<li class="disabled">
<a href="" aria-label="Next"><span aria-hidden="true">下一页</span></a>
</li>
{% endif %} </ul>
</nav> </body>
</html>

3、views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.

from app01.models import *
#引入Django中的分页器;
from django.core.paginator import Paginator,EmptyPage
def index(request):
""
'''
# #循环插入,不可取,效率低下,数据库压力过大!;
# for i in range(10):
# Book.objects.create(title="Book_%s"%i,price=i*i)
#批量插入;
book_list = []
for i in range(100):
book = Book(title="book_%s"%i,price=i*i)
book_list.append(book)
#一次性批量插入;
Book.objects.bulk_create(book_list)
:param request:
:return:
'''
book_list = Book.objects.all()
#分页器;
paginator = Paginator(book_list,3)
print("分页器的count:",paginator.count)#数据总数;
print("分页器的num_pages:",paginator.num_pages)#总页数;
print("分页器的page_range:",paginator.page_range)#页码的列表;
#加入异常捕获;
#进行页码的判断;
current_page_num = int(request.GET.get("page", 1)) if paginator.num_pages >11:
if current_page_num-5 <1:
page_range = range(1,12)
elif current_page_num +5 >paginator.num_pages:
page_range = range(paginator.num_pages-10,paginator.num_pages +1)
else:
page_range = range(current_page_num-5,current_page_num+6)
else:
page_range = paginator.page_range
try: current_page = paginator.page(current_page_num)
#page1 = paginator.page(2)
#page1 = paginator.page(3) #显示某一页具体数据的两种方式;
print("分页器的object_list",current_page.object_list)
#进入循环打印;
for i in current_page:
print(i)
except EmptyPage as e:
#捕获到异常后,定位至第一页面,但是要提起导入EmptyPage模块;
current_page = paginator.page(1) return render(request,"index.html",locals())

100-form组件的校验功能

1、form组件初识;

  服务端假设所有用户提交的数据都是不可信任的,所以Django框架内置了form组件来验证用户提交的信息;

form组件的2大功能:
       1、验证(显示错误信息);
       2、保留用户上次输入的信息;
       3、可以生成html标签;

2、创建Django项目-FormDemo并添加应用app01;

3、配合路由urls.py;

"""FormsDemo URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('reg/', views.reg),
]

4、views.py添加视图函数;

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

#创建form组件;
from django import forms class UserForm(forms.Form):
name = forms.CharField(min_length=4)
pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4)
r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4)
email = forms.EmailField()
tel = forms.CharField() #视图函数;
def reg(request):
if request.method == "POST":
#print(request.POST)
#form = UserForm({"name":"zhao","email":"123@qq.com","xxxx":"cuixiaozhao"})
form = UserForm(request.POST)
print(form.is_valid())#返回布尔值,True或者False; if form.is_valid():
print(form.cleaned_data)#只打印帮我们校验的字段和值;{'name': 'yuan', 'email': '123@qq.com'}
else:
print(form.cleaned_data)
print(form.errors)#<ul class="errorlist"><li>name<ul class="errorlist"><li>Ensure this value has at least 4 characters (it has 3).</li></ul></li></ul> # print(form.errors.get("name"))
# print(type(form.errors.get("name")))
# print(type(form.errors.get("name"))[0])
"""
<ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul>
<class 'django.forms.utils.Error
"""
'''
if 所有字段校验成功:
form.is_valid()
form.cleaned_data :{"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"}
form.errors
'''
return HttpResponse("OK")
return render(request,"reg.html")

5、models.py添加表结构;

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class UserInfo(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32)
email = models.EmailField()
tel = models.CharField(max_length=32)

6、执行迁移数据库命令操作;

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.17134.1]
(c) 2018 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。 (venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\FormsDemo>python manage.py makemigrations
Migrations for 'app01':
app01\migrations\0001_initial.py
- Create model UserInfo (venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\FormsDemo>python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: admin, app01, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK
Applying app01.0001_initial... OK
Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK (venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\FormsDemo>'

7、使用Pycharm自带Database客户端工具链接sqllite数据库;

8、在模板路径templates下添加reg.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style type="text/css"> </style>
</head>
<body>
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>用户名: <input type="text" name="name"></p>
<p>密码:<input type="password" name="pwd"></p>
<p>确认密码:<input type="password" name="r_pwd"></p>
<p>邮箱:<input type="email" name="email"></p>
<p>手机号:<input type="e" name="tel"></p>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

9、进行form组件的提交验证;

10、form组件的注意点;

  • 导入forms模块;
  • 创建自定义form类,比如UserInfo;
  • is_valid()方法初识;
  • form.cleaned_data初识;
  • form.errors初识;

101-form组件的渲染标签功能1

1、form组件之渲染标签功能1;

2、views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

#创建form组件;
from django import forms class UserForm(forms.Form):
name = forms.CharField(min_length=4)
pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4)
r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4)
email = forms.EmailField()
tel = forms.CharField() #视图函数;
def reg(request):
if request.method == "POST":
#print(request.POST)
#form = UserForm({"name":"zhao","email":"123@qq.com","xxxx":"cuixiaozhao"})
form = UserForm(request.POST)
print(form.is_valid())#返回布尔值,True或者False; if form.is_valid():
print(form.cleaned_data)#只打印帮我们校验的字段和值;{'name': 'yuan', 'email': '123@qq.com'}
else:
print(form.cleaned_data)
print(form.errors)#<ul class="errorlist"><li>name<ul class="errorlist"><li>Ensure this value has at least 4 characters (it has 3).</li></ul></li></ul> # print(form.errors.get("name"))
# print(type(form.errors.get("name")))
# print(type(form.errors.get("name"))[0])
"""
<ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul>
<class 'django.forms.utils.Error
"""
'''
if 所有字段校验成功:
form.is_valid()
form.cleaned_data :{"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"}
form.errors
'''
return HttpResponse("OK") #实例化form对象;
form = UserForm()
return render(request,"reg.html",locals())

3、reg.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style type="text/css"> </style>
</head>
<body>
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>用户名: <input type="text" name="name"></p>
<p>密码:<input type="password" name="pwd"></p>
<p>确认密码:<input type="password" name="r_pwd"></p>
<p>邮箱:<input type="email" name="email"></p>
<p>手机号:<input type="e" name="tel"></p>
<input type="submit">
</form> <br>
<hr>
<h3>form组件的渲染方式1</h3>
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>用户名:
{{ form.name }}
</p>
<p>密码:
{{ form.pwd }}
</p>
<p>确认密码:
{{ form.r_pwd }}
</p>
<p>邮箱:
{{ form.email }}
</p>
<p>手机号:
{{ form.tel }}
</p>
<input type="submit"> </form>
</body>
</html>

102-form组件的渲染标签功能2

1、form组件之渲染标签功能2;

2、reg.html;

  • for循环之field.label
  • form.as_p或者form.as_ul等方法介绍(不推荐使用哈,在测试环节可以用,应为它缺乏灵活性);
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style type="text/css"> </style>
</head>
<body>
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>用户名: <input type="text" name="name"></p>
<p>密码:<input type="password" name="pwd"></p>
<p>确认密码:<input type="password" name="r_pwd"></p>
<p>邮箱:<input type="email" name="email"></p>
<p>手机号:<input type="e" name="tel"></p>
<input type="submit">
</form> <br>
<hr>
<h3>form组件的渲染方式1</h3>
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>用户名:
{{ form.name }}
</p>
<p>密码:
{{ form.pwd }}
</p>
<p>确认密码:
{{ form.r_pwd }}
</p>
<p>邮箱:
{{ form.email }}
</p>
<p>手机号:
{{ form.tel }}
</p>
<input type="submit"> </form>
<br>
<hr> <h2>form组件的渲染方式2</h2>
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{% for field in form %}
<div>
<lable for="">{{ field.label }}</lable>
{{ field }}
</div>
{% endfor %}
<input type="submit">
</form>
<br>
<hr> <h1>form组件的渲染方式3-不推荐使用的哦!</h1> <form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<!--缺乏灵活性!-->
{{ form.as_p }}
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

103-form组件的渲染错误信息

1、form组件的渲染错误信息提示;

2、reg.html;

  • <span>{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span>
<h3>form组件的渲染方式1</h3>
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>用户名:
{{ form.name }} <span>{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span>
</p>
<p>密码:
{{ form.pwd }} <span>{{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</span>
</p>
<p>确认密码:
{{ form.r_pwd }} <span>{{ form.r_pwd.errors.0 }}</span>
</p>
<p>邮箱:
{{ form.email }} <span>{{ form.email.errors.0 }}</span>
</p>
<p>手机号:
{{ form.tel }} <span>{{ form.tel.errors.0 }}</span>
</p>
<input type="submit"> </form>

104-form组件的参数配置

1、form组件的参数配置;

2、views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

#创建form组件;
from django import forms
#
from django.forms import widgets class UserForm(forms.Form):
name = forms.CharField(min_length=4,label="用户名",error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))
pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4,label="密码",widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}),error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空"})
r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4,label="确认密码",widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}),error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空","invalid":"格式错误!"})
email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱",error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))
tel = forms.CharField(label="手机号",error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})) #视图函数;
def reg(request):
if request.method == "POST":
#print(request.POST)
#form = UserForm({"name":"zhao","email":"123@qq.com","xxxx":"cuixiaozhao"})
form = UserForm(request.POST)
print(form.is_valid())#返回布尔值,True或者False; if form.is_valid():
print(form.cleaned_data)#只打印帮我们校验的字段和值;{'name': 'yuan', 'email': '123@qq.com'}
else:
print(form.cleaned_data)
print(form.errors)#<ul class="errorlist"><li>name<ul class="errorlist"><li>Ensure this value has at least 4 characters (it has 3).</li></ul></li></ul> # print(form.errors.get("name"))
# print(type(form.errors.get("name")))
# print(type(form.errors.get("name"))[0])
"""
<ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul>
<class 'django.forms.utils.Error
"""
'''
if 所有字段校验成功:
form.is_valid()
form.cleaned_data :{"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"}
form.errors
'''
return HttpResponse("OK") #实例化form对象;
form = UserForm()
return render(request,"reg.html",locals())

3、reg.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>用户名: <input type="text" name="name"></p>
<p>密码:<input type="password" name="pwd"></p>
<p>确认密码:<input type="password" name="r_pwd"></p>
<p>邮箱:<input type="email" name="email"></p>
<p>手机号:<input type="e" name="tel"></p>
<input type="submit">
</form> <br>
<hr>
<h3>form组件的渲染方式1</h3>
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>用户名:
{{ form.name }} <span>{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span>
</p>
<p>密码:
{{ form.pwd }} <span>{{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</span>
</p>
<p>确认密码:
{{ form.r_pwd }} <span>{{ form.r_pwd.errors.0 }}</span>
</p>
<p>邮箱:
{{ form.email }} <span>{{ form.email.errors.0 }}</span>
</p>
<p>手机号:
{{ form.tel }} <span>{{ form.tel.errors.0 }}</span>
</p>
<input type="submit"> </form>
<br>
<hr> <h2>form组件的渲染方式2</h2>
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{% for field in form %}
<div>
<lable for="">{{ field.label }}</lable>
{{ field }}
</div>
{% endfor %}
<input type="submit">
</form>
<br>
<hr> <h1>form组件的渲染方式3-不推荐使用的哦!</h1> <form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<!--缺乏灵活性!-->
{{ form.as_p }}
<input type="submit">
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div> </body>
</html>
  • error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空"}添加错误提示消息;
  • widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})添加Bootstrap下的form-control属性;
  • widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})添加Bootstrap下的form-control属性;

105-form组件检验的局部钩子

1、form组件之局部钩子;

106-组件之全局钩子校验

1、钩子校验;

2、myforms.py;

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __Author__:TQTL911
# Version:python3.6.6
# Time:2018/8/21 20:05 from django import forms from django.forms import widgets
from app01.models import UserInfo
from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS,ValidationError class UserForm(forms.Form):
name = forms.CharField(min_length=4,label="用户名",error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))
pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4,label="密码",widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}),error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空"})
r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4,label="确认密码",widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}),error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空","invalid":"格式错误!"})
email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱",error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))
tel = forms.CharField(label="手机号",error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})) #钩子
def clean_name(self):
val = self.cleaned_data.get("name")
ret = UserInfo.objects.filter(name=val)
if not ret:
return val
else:
raise ValidationError("该用户已经注册") def clean_tel(self):
val = self.cleaned_data.get("tel")
if len(val) ==11:
return val
else:
raise ValidationError("手机号不能小于11位") def clean(self):
pwd = self.cleaned_data.get("pwd")
r_pwd = self.cleaned_data.get("r_pwd") if pwd and r_pwd:
if pwd == r_pwd:
return self.cleaned_data
else:
raise ValidationError("两次密码不一致!")
else:
return self.cleaned_data

3、views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.
#创建form组件; from app01.myforms import *
#视图函数;
def reg(request):
if request.method == "POST":
print(request.POST)
#form = UserForm({"name":"zhao","email":"123@qq.com","xxxx":"cuixiaozhao"})
form = UserForm(request.POST)#form表单的name属性值应该与forms组件字段名称一致 print(form.is_valid())#返回布尔值,True或者False; if form.is_valid():
print(form.cleaned_data)#只打印帮我们校验的字段和值;{'name': 'yuan', 'email': '123@qq.com'}
else:
print(form.cleaned_data)
#print(form.errors)#<ul class="errorlist"><li>name<ul class="errorlist"><li>Ensure this value has at least 4 characters (it has 3).</li></ul></li></ul>
# print(form.errors.get("name"))
# print(type(form.errors.get("name")))
# print(type(form.errors.get("name"))[0])
"""
<ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul>
<class 'django.forms.utils.Error
""" errors = form.errors.get("__all__")
return render(request,"reg.html",locals()) '''
if 所有字段校验成功:
form.is_valid()
form.cleaned_data :{"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"}
form.errors
'''
#实例化form对象;
form = UserForm()
return render(request,"reg.html",locals())

4、reg.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3"> {# <h3>form组件的渲染方式1</h3>#}
{# <form action="" method="post">#}
{# {% csrf_token %}#}
{# <p>用户名:#}
{# {{ form.name.label }} <span>{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span>#}
{# </p>#}
{# <p>密码:#}
{# {{ form.pwd.label }} <span>{{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</span>#}
{# </p>#}
{# <p>确认密码:#}
{# {{ form.r_pwd }} <span>{{ form.r_pwd.errors.0 }}</span>#}
{# </p>#}
{# <p>邮箱:#}
{# {{ form.email }} <span>{{ form.email.errors.0 }}</span>#}
{# </p>#}
{# <p>手机号:#}
{# {{ form.tel }} <span>{{ form.tel.errors.0 }}</span>#}
{# </p>#}
{# <input type="submit">#}
{# </form>#} <h3>forms组件渲染方式1</h3>
<form action="" method="post" novalidate> {% csrf_token %}
<p>{{ form.name.label }}
{{ form.name }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span>
</p>
<p>{{ form.pwd.label }}
{{ form.pwd }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</span>
</p>
<p>确认密码
{{ form.r_pwd }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.r_pwd.errors.0 }}</span><span class="pull-right error">{{ errors.0 }}</span>
</p>
<p>邮箱 {{ form.email }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.email.errors.0 }}</span></p>
<p>手机号 {{ form.tel }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.tel.errors.0 }}</span></p>
<input type="submit"> </form> </div>
</div>
</div> </body>
</html>

107-HTTP协议的无状态保存

1、什么是HTTP协议的无状态保存?

  无状态是指协议对于事务处理没有记忆功能。缺少状态意味着,假如后面的处理需要前面的信息,则前面的信息必须重传,这样可能导致每次连接传送的数据量增大。另一方面,在服务器不需要前面信息时,应答就较快。直观地说,就是每个请求都是独立的,与前面的请求和后面的请求都是没有直接联系的。

还是看百度百科的详细解释吧!https://baike.baidu.com/item/HTTP%E6%97%A0%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE/5808645

108-Cookie简介

1、什么是会话呢?

1)什么是会话跟踪技术?

  我们需要先了解一下什么是会话!可以把会话理解为客户端与服务器之间的一次会晤,在一次会晤中可能会包含多次请求和响应。例如你给10086打个电话,你就是客户端,而10086服务人员就是服务器了。从双方接通电话那一刻起,会话就开始了,到某一方挂断电话表示会话结束。在通话过程中,你会向10086发出多个请求,那么这多个请求都在一个会话中。
  在JavaWeb中,客户向某一服务器发出第一个请求开始,会话就开始了,直到客户关闭了浏览器会话结束。 在一个会话的多个请求中共享数据,这就是会话跟踪技术。例如在一个会话中的请求如下: 请求银行主页;

  • 请求登录(请求参数是用户名和密码);
  • 请求转账(请求参数是与转账相关的数据);
  • 请求信用卡还款(请求参数与还款相关的数据);

在这上会话中当前用户信息必须在这个会话中共享的,因为登录的是张三,那么在转账和还款时一定是相对张三的转账和还款!

小结:这就说明我们必须在一个会话过程中有共享数据的能力。

2)会话路径技术使用Cookie或者session完成

  我们知道HTTP协议是无状态协议,也就是说每个请求都是独立的!无法记录前一次请求的状态。但HTTP协议中可以使用Cookie来完成会话跟踪!在Web开发中,使用session来完成会话跟踪,session底层依赖Cookie技术。

2、cookie是什么?

  cookie即具体一个浏览器针对一个服务器存储的key-value{key:value};

  Cookie翻译成中文是小甜点,小饼干的意思。在HTTP中它表示服务器送给客户端浏览器的小甜点。其实Cookie是key-value结构,类似于一个python中的字典。随着服务器端的响应发送给客户端浏览器。然后客户端浏览器会把Cookie保存起来,当下一次再访问服务器时把Cookie再发送给服务器。 Cookie是由服务器创建,然后通过响应发送给客户端的一个键值对。客户端会保存Cookie,并会标注出Cookie的来源(哪个服务器的Cookie)。当客户端向服务器发出请求时会把所有这个服务器Cookie包含在请求中发送给服务器,这样服务器就可以识别客户端了!

109-Cookie的设置与读取

1、新建CookieSession的Django项目;

2、设置urls.py下的path访问路径;

"""CookieSession URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path from app01 import views urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('login/', views.login),
path('index/', views.index),
]

3、编写views.py视图函数;

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect

# Create your views here.
from app01.models import UserInfo def login(request):
if request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd") user = UserInfo.objects.filter(user=user,pwd=pwd).first()
if user:
#登录成功
"""
响应体:
return HttpResponse
return render()
return credits()
"""
response = HttpResponse("登录成功!")
response.set_cookie("is_login",True)
response.set_cookie("username",user.user)
return response
return render(request,"login.html") def index(request):
is_login = request.COOKIES.get("is_login")
if is_login:
username = request.COOKIES.get("username")
return render(request,"index.html",{"username":username})
else:
return redirect("/login/")
return render(request,"index.html")

4、配置templates下的login、index等html文件;

login.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style type="text/css"> </style>
</head>
<body>
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
用户名:<input type="text" name="user">
密码:<input type="password" name="pwd">
<input type="submit" value="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

index.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style type="text/css"> </style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>Hi,{{ username }}</h3>
</body>
</html>

5、创建models.py下的表UserInfo并新增两条数据;

6、进行cookie的设置;

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect

# Create your views here.
from app01.models import UserInfo def login(request):
if request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd") user = UserInfo.objects.filter(user=user,pwd=pwd).first()
if user:
#登录成功
"""
响应体:
return HttpResponse
return render()
return credits()
"""
response = HttpResponse("登录成功!")
response.set_cookie("is_login",True)
response.set_cookie("username",user.user)
return response
return render(request,"login.html") def index(request):
is_login = request.COOKIES.get("is_login")
if is_login:
username = request.COOKIES.get("username")
return render(request,"index.html",{"username":username})
else:
return redirect("/login/")
return render(request,"index.html")

110-设置Cookie的超时参数

1、max_age = None,(单位15秒);

2、expires = None;

views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect

# Create your views here.
from app01.models import UserInfo def login(request):
if request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd") user = UserInfo.objects.filter(user=user,pwd=pwd).first()
if user:
#登录成功
"""
响应体:
return HttpResponse
return render()
return credits()
"""
response = HttpResponse("登录成功!")
#response.set_cookie("is_login",True,max_age=15)
response.set_cookie("is_login",True)
import datetime
date = datetime.datetime(year=2018, month=8,day=21,hour=12,minute=48,second=10)
response.set_cookie("username",user.user,expires=date)
return response
return render(request,"login.html") def index(request):
print("index",request.COOKIES)
is_login = request.COOKIES.get("is_login")
if is_login:
username = request.COOKIES.get("username")
return render(request,"index.html",{"username":username})
else:
return redirect("/login/")
return render(request,"index.html")

111-设置Cookie的有效路径

1、对视图函数设置有效路径path;

views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect

# Create your views here.
from app01.models import UserInfo def login(request):
if request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd") user = UserInfo.objects.filter(user=user,pwd=pwd).first()
if user:
#登录成功
"""
响应体:
return HttpResponse
return render()
return credits()
"""
response = HttpResponse("登录成功!")
#response.set_cookie("is_login",True,max_age=15)
response.set_cookie("is_login",True)
import datetime
#date = datetime.datetime(year=2019, month=8,day=21,hour=12,minute=48,second=10)
#response.set_cookie("username",user.user,expires=date) #设置COOKIE的有效路径!
response.set_cookie("username",user.user,path="/index/")
return response
return render(request,"login.html") def index(request):
print("index",request.COOKIES)
is_login = request.COOKIES.get("is_login")
if is_login:
username = request.COOKIES.get("username")
return render(request,"index.html",{"username":username})
else:
return redirect("/login/")
def test(request):
print("test:",request.COOKIES)
return HttpResponse("test!")

112-Cookie应用之保存上次访问时间

1、通过浏览器清除Cookies;Ctrl+Shift+Delete组合键;

2、显示上次访问网站的时间;

views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect

# Create your views here.
from app01.models import UserInfo def login(request):
if request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd") user = UserInfo.objects.filter(user=user,pwd=pwd).first()
if user:
#登录成功
"""
响应体:
return HttpResponse
return render()
return credits()
"""
response = HttpResponse("登录成功!")
#response.set_cookie("is_login",True,max_age=15)
response.set_cookie("is_login",True)
import datetime
#date = datetime.datetime(year=2019, month=8,day=21,hour=12,minute=48,second=10)
#response.set_cookie("username",user.user,expires=date) #设置COOKIE的有效路径!
response.set_cookie("username",user.user,path="/index/")
return response
return render(request,"login.html") def index(request):
print("index",request.COOKIES)
is_login = request.COOKIES.get("is_login")
if is_login: username = request.COOKIES.get("username")
#在Username之后设置cookies存储上次登录的时间;
import datetime
#将时间格式化转换为自定义格式;
now = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
last_time = request.COOKIES.get("last_visit_time","")
response = render(request,"index.html",{"username":username,"last_time":last_time})
response.set_cookie("last_visit_time",now)
return response
else:
return redirect("/login/")
def test(request):
print("test:",request.COOKIES)
return HttpResponse("test!")

index.htmll;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style type="text/css"> </style>
</head>
<body>
<p>上次登录时间:{{ now }}</p>
<h3>Hi,{{ last_time }}</h3>
</body>
</html>

3、显示上次浏览的商品的消息;

113-session的流程简介

1、session简介;

  Session是服务器端技术,利用这个技术,服务器在运行时可以为每一个用户的浏览器创建一个其独享的session对象,由于 session为用户浏览器独享,所以用户在访问服务器的web资源时 ,可以把各自的数据放在各自的session中,当用户再去访问该服务器中的其它web资源时,其它web资源再从用户各自的session中 取出数据为用户服务。

2、session解析流程图;

114-session之保存登录状态

1、session之保存登录状态;

三大步:

  • 1、成随机字符串;43djklf342dfjklsjkfa
  • 2、response.set_cookie("sessionid",d4tqdx057mtw7izkf1l2wb4cnizt7qqy)
  • 3、在Django-session表中创建一条记录;
session-key                          session-data
d4tqdx057mtw7izkf1l2wb4cnizt7qqy {"is_login":True,"username":"yuan"}

2、views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect

# Create your views here.
from app01.models import UserInfo def login(request):
if request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd") user = UserInfo.objects.filter(user=user,pwd=pwd).first()
if user:
#登录成功
"""
响应体:
return HttpResponse
return render()
return credits()
"""
response = HttpResponse("登录成功!")
#response.set_cookie("is_login",True,max_age=15)
response.set_cookie("is_login",True)
import datetime
#date = datetime.datetime(year=2019, month=8,day=21,hour=12,minute=48,second=10)
#response.set_cookie("username",user.user,expires=date) #设置COOKIE的有效路径!
response.set_cookie("username",user.user,path="/index/")
return response
return render(request,"login.html") def index(request):
print("index",request.COOKIES)
is_login = request.COOKIES.get("is_login")
if is_login: username = request.COOKIES.get("username")
#在Username之后设置cookies存储上次登录的时间;
import datetime
#将时间格式化转换为自定义格式;
now = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
last_time = request.COOKIES.get("last_visit_time","")
response = render(request,"index.html",{"username":username,"last_time":last_time})
response.set_cookie("last_visit_time",now)
return response
else:
return redirect("/login/")
def test(request):
print("test:",request.COOKIES)
return HttpResponse("test!") def login_session(request):
if request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd") user = UserInfo.objects.filter(user=user,pwd=pwd).first() if user:
request.session["is_login"] = True
request.session["username"] = user.user
'''
1、成随机字符串;43djklf342dfjklsjkfa
2、response.set_cookie("sessionid",d4tqdx057mtw7izkf1l2wb4cnizt7qqy)
3、在Django-session表中创建一条记录;
session-key session-data
d4tqdx057mtw7izkf1l2wb4cnizt7qqy {"is_login":True,"username":"yuan"}
'''
return HttpResponse("登录成功!") return render(request,"login.html") def index_session(request):
print("is_login:",request.session.get("is_login")) '''
1、request.COOKIE.get("session")#d4tqdx057mtw7izkf1l2wb4cnizt7qqy
2、django-session表中过滤记录;
在django-session表中创建一条记录; session-key session-data
d4tqdx057mtw7izkf1l2wb4cnizt7qqy {"is_login":True,"username":"yuan"}
obj-django-session.objects.fileter(session-key=d4tqdx057mtw7izkf1l2wb4cnizt7qqy).first() 3、obj.session-data.get("is_login")
'''
is_login = request.session.get("is_login")
if not is_login:
return redirect("/login_session/")
username = request.session.get("username") return render(request,"index.html",{"username":username})

3、index.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style type="text/css"> </style>
</head>
<body>
<p>上次登录时间:{{ now }}</p>
<h3>Hi,{{ username }}</h3>
</body>
</html>

115-session应用之保存上次登录时间

1、基于session实现保存上次登录的时间;

2、views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect

# Create your views here.
from app01.models import UserInfo def login(request):
if request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd") user = UserInfo.objects.filter(user=user,pwd=pwd).first()
if user:
#登录成功
"""
响应体:
return HttpResponse
return render()
return credits()
"""
response = HttpResponse("登录成功!")
#response.set_cookie("is_login",True,max_age=15)
response.set_cookie("is_login",True)
import datetime
#date = datetime.datetime(year=2019, month=8,day=21,hour=12,minute=48,second=10)
#response.set_cookie("username",user.user,expires=date) #设置COOKIE的有效路径!
response.set_cookie("username",user.user,path="/index/")
return response
return render(request,"login.html") def index(request):
print("index",request.COOKIES)
is_login = request.COOKIES.get("is_login")
if is_login: username = request.COOKIES.get("username")
#在Username之后设置cookies存储上次登录的时间;
import datetime
#将时间格式化转换为自定义格式;
now = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
last_time = request.COOKIES.get("last_visit_time","")
response = render(request,"index.html",{"username":username,"last_time":last_time})
response.set_cookie("last_visit_time",now)
return response
else:
return redirect("/login/")
def test(request):
print("test:",request.COOKIES)
return HttpResponse("test!") def login_session(request):
if request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd") user = UserInfo.objects.filter(user=user,pwd=pwd).first() if user:
import datetime
# 将时间格式化转换为自定义格式;
now = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
request.session["is_login"] = True
request.session["username"] = user.user #通过session设置上次登录时间;
request.session["last_visit_time"] = now '''
1、成随机字符串;43djklf342dfjklsjkfa
2、response.set_cookie("sessionid",d4tqdx057mtw7izkf1l2wb4cnizt7qqy)
3、在Django-session表中创建一条记录;
session-key session-data
d4tqdx057mtw7izkf1l2wb4cnizt7qqy {"is_login":True,"username":"yuan"}
'''
return HttpResponse("登录成功!") return render(request,"login.html") def index_session(request):
print("is_login:",request.session.get("is_login")) '''
1、request.COOKIE.get("session")#d4tqdx057mtw7izkf1l2wb4cnizt7qqy
2、django-session表中过滤记录;
在django-session表中创建一条记录; session-key session-data
d4tqdx057mtw7izkf1l2wb4cnizt7qqy {"is_login":True,"username":"yuan"}
obj-django-session.objects.fileter(session-key=d4tqdx057mtw7izkf1l2wb4cnizt7qqy).first() 3、obj.session-data.get("is_login")
'''
is_login = request.session.get("is_login")
if not is_login:
return redirect("/login_session/")
username = request.session.get("username")
last_visit_time = request.session.get("last_visit_time") return render(request,"index.html",{"username":username,"last_visit_time":last_visit_time})

3、index.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style type="text/css"> </style>
</head>
<body>
<p>上次登录时间:{{ now }}</p>
<h3>Hi,{{ username }}</h3>
<h3>Hi,上次访问时间:{{ last_visit_time }}</h3>
</body>
</html>

116-session的更新操作

1、session的更新操作;

2、分为如下几种情况:

  • 初次登录,比如Chrome;
  • 相同用户再次登录,Chrome;
  • 不同用户,再次登录,Chrome;

117-基于session的注销功能

  • 通过del request.session["is_login"]方法删除session信息,但是不推荐;
  • request.session.flush()方式进行清除session记录,Django-session表中的记录也删除;

1、views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect

# Create your views here.
from app01.models import UserInfo def login(request):
if request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd") user = UserInfo.objects.filter(user=user,pwd=pwd).first()
if user:
#登录成功
"""
响应体:
return HttpResponse
return render()
return credits()
"""
response = HttpResponse("登录成功!")
#response.set_cookie("is_login",True,max_age=15)
response.set_cookie("is_login",True)
import datetime
#date = datetime.datetime(year=2019, month=8,day=21,hour=12,minute=48,second=10)
#response.set_cookie("username",user.user,expires=date) #设置COOKIE的有效路径!
response.set_cookie("username",user.user,path="/index/")
return response
return render(request,"login.html") def index(request):
print("index",request.COOKIES)
is_login = request.COOKIES.get("is_login")
if is_login: username = request.COOKIES.get("username")
#在Username之后设置cookies存储上次登录的时间;
import datetime
#将时间格式化转换为自定义格式;
now = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
last_time = request.COOKIES.get("last_visit_time","")
response = render(request,"index.html",{"username":username,"last_time":last_time})
response.set_cookie("last_visit_time",now)
return response
else:
return redirect("/login/")
def test(request):
print("test:",request.COOKIES)
return HttpResponse("test!") def login_session(request):
if request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd") user = UserInfo.objects.filter(user=user,pwd=pwd).first() if user:
import datetime
# 将时间格式化转换为自定义格式;
now = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
request.session["is_login"] = True
request.session["username"] = user.user #通过session设置上次登录时间;
request.session["last_visit_time"] = now '''
1、成随机字符串;43djklf342dfjklsjkfa
2、response.set_cookie("sessionid",d4tqdx057mtw7izkf1l2wb4cnizt7qqy)
3、在Django-session表中创建一条记录;
session-key session-data
d4tqdx057mtw7izkf1l2wb4cnizt7qqy {"is_login":True,"username":"yuan"}
'''
return HttpResponse("登录成功!") return render(request,"login.html") def index_session(request):
print("is_login:",request.session.get("is_login")) '''
1、request.COOKIE.get("session")#d4tqdx057mtw7izkf1l2wb4cnizt7qqy
2、django-session表中过滤记录;
在django-session表中创建一条记录; session-key session-data
d4tqdx057mtw7izkf1l2wb4cnizt7qqy {"is_login":True,"username":"yuan"}
obj-django-session.objects.fileter(session-key=d4tqdx057mtw7izkf1l2wb4cnizt7qqy).first() 3、obj.session-data.get("is_login")
'''
is_login = request.session.get("is_login")
if not is_login:
return redirect("/login_session/")
username = request.session.get("username")
last_visit_time = request.session.get("last_visit_time") return render(request,"index.html",{"username":username,"last_visit_time":last_visit_time}) def logout(request):
#del request.session["is_login"]
#推荐使用如下方法;
request.session.flush()
return redirect("/login/")
'''
1、request.COOKIE.get("sessionid")
2、django-session.objects.filter(session-key=randon_str).delete()
3、response.delete_cookie("sessionid)
'''

2、index.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style type="text/css"> </style>
</head>
<body>
<p>上次登录时间:{{ now }}</p>
<h3>Hi,{{ username }}</h3>
<h3>Hi,上次访问时间:{{ last_visit_time }}</h3>
<a href="/logout/">注销</a>
</body>
</html>

3、session基于settings.py中的配置;

  Django默认支持Session,并且默认是将Session数据存储在数据库中,即:django_session 表中。

常见的参数说明:

  •  SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.db'   # 引擎(默认); 
  •  SESSION_COOKIE_NAME = "sessionid"                       # Session的cookie保存在浏览器上时的key,即:sessionid=随机字符串(默认);
  •  SESSION_COOKIE_PATH = "/"                               # Session的cookie保存的路径(默认);
  •  SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN = None                             # Session的cookie保存的域名(默认);
  •  SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = False                            # 是否Https传输cookie(默认);
  •  SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY = True                           # 是否Session的cookie只支持http传输(默认);
  •  SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 1209600                             # Session的cookie失效日期(2周)(默认);
  •  SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE = False                  # 是否关闭浏览器使得Session过期(默认);
  •  SESSION_SAVE_EVERY_REQUEST = False                       # 是否每次请求都保存Session,默认修改之后才保存(默认);

4、Django中session的语法;

1、设置Sessions值
request.session['session_name'] ="admin"
2、获取Sessions值
session_name = request.session["session_name"]
3、删除Sessions值
del request.session["session_name"]
4、flush()
删除当前的会话数据并删除会话的Cookie。
这用于确保前面的会话数据不可以再次被用户的浏览器访问 5、get(key, default=None) fav_color = request.session.get('fav_color', 'red') 6、pop(key) fav_color = request.session.pop('fav_color') 7、keys() 8、items() 9、setdefault() 10 用户session的随机字符串
request.session.session_key # 将所有Session失效日期小于当前日期的数据删除
request.session.clear_expired() # 检查 用户session的随机字符串 在数据库中是否
request.session.exists("session_key") # 删除当前用户的所有Session数据
request.session.delete("session_key") request.session.set_expiry(value)
* 如果value是个整数,session会在些秒数后失效。
* 如果value是个datatime或timedelta,session就会在这个时间后失效。
* 如果value是0,用户关闭浏览器session就会失效。
* 如果value是None,session会依赖全局session失效策略。

118-session的总结

1、session的总结;

1 response.set_cookie(key,value)

2 request.COOKIE.get(key)

3 request.session[key]=value
''' if request.COOKIE.get("sessionid"):
更新 在django—session表中创建一条记录:
session-key session-data
ltv8zy1kh5lxj1if1fcs2pqwodumr45t 更新数据 else: 1 生成随机字符串 ltv8zy1kh5lxj1if1fcs2pqwodumr45t
2 response.set_cookie("sessionid",ltv8zy1kh5lxj1if1fcs2pqwodumr45t)
3 在django—session表中创建一条记录:
session-key session-data
ltv8zy1kh5lxj1if1fcs2pqwodumr45t {"is_login":True,"username":"yuan"} ''' 4 reqeust.session[key] ''' 1 request.COOKIE.get("session") # ltv8zy1kh5lxj1if1fcs2pqwodumr45t 2 django-session表中过滤纪录: 在django—session表中创建一条记录:
session-key session-data
ltv8zy1kh5lxj1if1fcs2pqwodumr45t {"is_login":True,"username":"yuan"} obj=django—session.objects .filter(session-key=ltv8zy1kh5lxj1if1fcs2pqwodumr45t).first() 3 obj.session-data.get("is_login")
''' 5 request.session.flush() '''
1 randon_str=request.COOKIE.get("sessionid") 2 django-session.objects.filter(session-key=randon_str).delete() 3 response.delete_cookie("sessionid",randon_str) '''

119-用户认证组件简介

1、用户认证组件介绍;

  在进行用户登陆验证的时候,如果是自己写代码,就必须要先查询数据库,看用户输入的用户名是否存在于数据库中;如果用户存在于数据库中,然后再验证用户输入的密码,这样一来就要自己编写大量的代码。事实上,Django已经提供了内置的用户认证功能。

  在使用"python manage.py makemigrationss""python manage.py migrate"迁移完成数据库之后,根据配置文件settings.py中的数据库段生成的数据表中已经包含了6张进行认证的数据表,分别是:

  • auth_user;
  • auth_group;
  • auth_group_permissions;
  • auth_permission;
  • auth_user_groups;
  • auth_user_user_permissions;

进行用户认证的数据表为auth_user;

要使用Django自带的认证功能,首先要导入auth模块;

2、用户认证组件相关;

3、创建超级用户;

Python manage.py createsuperuser
Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.17134.1]
(c) 2018 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。 (venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\AuthDemo>python manage.py makemigrations
No changes detected (venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\AuthDemo>python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK
Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK (venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\AuthDemo>python manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'tqtl911'): cuixiaozhao
Email address:
Password:
Password (again):
This password is too short. It must contain at least 8 characters.
This password is too common.
This password is entirely numeric.
Bypass password validation and create user anyway? [y/N]: n
Password:
Operation cancelled. (venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\AuthDemo>python manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'tqtl911'): cxz
Email address: tqtl@tqtl.org
Password:
Password (again):
This password is too common.
Bypass password validation and create user anyway? [y/N]: y
Superuser created successfully. (venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\AuthDemo>^A

120-基于用户认证组件的登录验证信息存储

1、创建Django项目-AuthDemo并添加应用app01;

2、配置urls.py;

"""AuthDemo URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('login/', views.login),
path('index/', views.index),
]

3、编写视图函数login、index等;

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.
#导入用户认证模块
from django.contrib import auth
from django.contrib.auth.models import User#User指代的就是django下的auth_user表; def login(request):
if request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
#如果验证成功,就返回User对象,否则返回None;
user = auth.authenticate(username = user, password = pwd)
if user:
auth.login(request,user)#request.user:当前登录对象;
return redirect("/index/") return render(request,"login.html",) def index(request): print("request.user:",request.user.username)
print("request.user:",request.user.id)
print("request.user:",request.user.is_anonymous)
'''
request.user:
request.user: None
request.user: True
''' #判断是否登录;
if request.user.is_anonymous:
return redirect("/login/")
return render(request,"index.html")
#username = request.user.username
#return render(request,"index.html",{"username":username})

4、创建超级用户;

python manage.py createsuperuser cxz
rosoft Windows [版本 10.0.17134.1]
(c) 2018 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。 (venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\AuthDemo>python manage.py makemigrations
No changes detected (venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\AuthDemo>python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK
Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK (venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\AuthDemo>python manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'tqtl911'): cuixiaozhao
Email address:
Password:
Password (again):
This password is too short. It must contain at least 8 characters.
This password is too common.
This password is entirely numeric.
Bypass password validation and create user anyway? [y/N]: n
Password:
Operation cancelled. (venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\AuthDemo>python manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'tqtl911'): cxz
Email address: tqtl@tqtl.org
Password:
Password (again):
This password is too common.
Bypass password validation and create user anyway? [y/N]: y
Superuser created successfully. (venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\AuthDemo>python manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'tqtl911'): ljp
Email address: ljp@tqtl.org
Password:
Password (again):
This password is too common.
Bypass password validation and create user anyway? [y/N]: y
Superuser created successfully. (venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\AuthDemo>python manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'tqtl911'): cxs
Email address: cxs@tqtl.org
Password:
Password (again):
This password is too common.
Bypass password validation and create user anyway? [y/N]: n
Password:
Password (again):
Error: Your passwords didn't match.
Password:
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully. (venv) C:\Users\TQTL911\PycharmProjects\AuthDemo>

5、编写templates模本html文件;

index.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>120-基于用户认证组件的登陆验证信息存储</title>
<style type="text/css"> </style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hi,{{ request.user.username }},Welcome to visit our website.</h1>
</body>
</html>

login.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>120-基于用户认证组件的登陆验证信息存储</title>
<style type="text/css"> </style>
</head>
<body>
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
用户名: <input type="text" name="user">
密码:<input type="password" name="pwd">
<input type="submit" value="submit" >
</form>
</body>
</html>

6、启动Django项目并登陆验证;

121-基于用户认证组件的注销功能

1、logout功能实现;

def logout(request):
auth.logout(request)
return redirect("/login/")

2、index.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>120-基于用户认证组件的登陆验证信息存储</title>
<style type="text/css"> </style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hi,{{ request.user.username }},Welcome to visit our website.</h1>
<a href="/logout/">注销</a>
</body>
</html>

122-基于用户认证组件的注册用户功能

1、基于用户认证组件的注册用户功能;

2、views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.
#导入用户认证模块
from django.contrib import auth
from django.contrib.auth.models import User#User指代的就是django下的auth_user表; def login(request):
if request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
#如果验证成功,就返回User对象,否则返回None;
user = auth.authenticate(username = user, password = pwd)
if user:
auth.login(request,user)#request.user:当前登录对象;
return redirect("/index/") return render(request,"login.html",) def index(request):
print("request.user:",request.user.username)
print("request.user:",request.user.id)
print("request.user:",request.user.is_anonymous)
'''
request.user:
request.user: None
request.user: True
'''
#判断是否登录;
#if request.user.is_anonymous:
if not request.user.is_authenticated:
return redirect("/login/")
return render(request,"index.html")
#username = request.user.username
#return render(request,"index.html",{"username":username}) def logout(request):
auth.logout(request)
return redirect("/login/") def reg(request):
if request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd") #User.objects.create(username= user,password=pwd)#不能使用该方式插入数据,因为此方法密码是明文传输的;
User.objects.create_user(username = user,password=pwd)
return redirect("/login/")
return render(request,"reg.html")

3、urls.py;

"""AuthDemo URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('login/', views.login),
path('index/', views.index),
path('logout/', views.logout),
path('reg/', views.reg),
]

4、reg.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>122-基于用户认证组件的注册用户功能</title>
<style type="text/css"> </style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>注册</h3>
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
用户名: <input type="text" name="user">
密码:<input type="password" name="pwd">
<input type="submit" value="submit" > </form>
</body>
</html>

5、小结;

用户认证组件:

  • 功能:使用session记录登陆验证状态;
  • 前提:用户表,使用Django自带的auth_user;
  • 创建超级用户:Python manage.py createsuperuser;
  • API:

    • from django.contrib import auth
    • 如果验证成功则返回user对象,否则返回None;user = auth.authenticate(username =user,password = pwd)
    • auth.login(request,user)#request.user 当前登陆对象
    • auth.logout(request)
    • from django.contrib,auth.models import User#User = auth_user表;
    • request.user.is_authenticated()
    • user = User.objects.create_user(Username = ' ',password = ' ',email = ' ' )
  •  补充
    • 匿名用户对象
    • class models.AnonymousUser
    • django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser 类实现了django.contrib.auth.models.User接口,但是有如下几个不同点:
    • id 永远为None;
    • username永远为空字符串;
    • get_username()永远返回空字符串;
    • is_staff和is_superuser 永远为False;
    • is_active 永远为False;
    • groups和user_permissions永远为空;
    • is_anonymous()返回True而不是False;
    • is_authenticated()、check_password()、save()和delete()引发NotImplementedError
    • 在Django1.8中,新增AnonymousUser.get_username()以更好地模拟django.contrib.auth.models.User

123-基于用户认证组件的认证装饰器

1、用户认证组件装饰器初识;

  用户无序再在函数中写代码逻辑,通过顶部引入装饰器,来添加功能;

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required

2、settings.py;

3、views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.
#导入用户认证模块
from django.contrib import auth
from django.contrib.auth.models import User#User指代的就是django下的auth_user表;
#导入django的装饰器;
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
def login(request):
if request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get("user")
pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
#如果验证成功,就返回User对象,否则返回None;
user = auth.authenticate(username = user, password = pwd)
if user:
auth.login(request,user)#request.user:当前登录对象;
next_url = request.GET.get("next","/index/")
return redirect(next_url) return render(request,"login.html",)
@login_required
def index(request):
print("request.user:",request.user.username)
print("request.user:",request.user.id)
print("request.user:",request.user.is_anonymous)
'''
request.user:
request.user: None
request.user: True
'''
#判断是否登录;
#if request.user.is_anonymous: # if not request.user.is_authenticated:
# return redirect("/login/")
return render(request,"index.html") # username = request.user.username
# return render(request,"index.html",{"username":username}) def logout(request):
auth.logout(request)
return redirect("/login/") def reg(request):
# if request.method == "POST":
# user = request.POST.get("user")
# pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")
#
# #User.objects.create(username= user,password=pwd)#不能使用该方式插入数据,因为此方法密码是明文传输的;
# User.objects.create_user(username = user,password=pwd)
# return redirect("/login/")
return render(request,"reg.html") @login_required
def order(request):
# if not request.user.is_authenticated:
# return redirect("/login/")
return render(request,"order.html")

4、urls.py;

"""AuthDemo URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('login/', views.login),
path('index/', views.index),
path('order/', views.order),
path('logout/', views.logout),
path('reg/', views.reg),
]

5、order.html;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>order</title>
<style type="text/css"> </style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>order</h3>
</body>
</html>

6、跳转的URL详情;

http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/?next=/order/
http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/?next=/index/

124-中间件的实现流程

1、Django中中间件的概念;

  中间件顾名思义,是介于request与response处理之间的一道处理过程,相对比较轻量级,并且在全局上改变django的输入与输出。因为改变的是全局,所以需要谨慎实用,用不好会影响到性能。

Django的中间件的定义:

Middleware is a framework of hooks into Django’s request/response processing. <br>It’s a light, low-level “plugin” system for globally altering Django’s input or output.

2、Django中默认的Middleware;

3、请求流程图,如下:

125-中间件的process_request和process_response方法

1、应用app01下新增my_middleware.py文件;

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __Author__:TQTL911
# Version:python3.6.6
# Time:2018/8/22 15:20 #导入MiddlewareMixin中间件;
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin class CustomerMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request):
print("CustomMiddleWare process_request......")
def process_response(self,request,response):
print("CustomMiddleWare process_response......")
return response
class CustomerMiddleware2(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request):
print("CustomMiddleWare process_request222......")
def process_response(self,request,response):
print("CustomMiddleWare process_response222......")
return response
class CustomerMiddleware3(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request):
print("CustomMiddleWare process_request3333......")

2、settings.py中配置引入自定义“中间件”;

3、urls.py配置路径;

"""MiddlewareDemo URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('index/', views.index),
path('index_new/', views.index_new),
]

4、编写视图函数views.py;

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

def index(request):
return HttpResponse("Index") def index_new(request):
return HttpResponse("Index_new")

5、进行验证;

You have 15 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
August 22, 2018 - 15:33:20
Django version 2.1, using settings 'MiddlewareDemo.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
CustomMiddleWare process_request......
[22/Aug/2018 15:33:22] "GET /index_new/ HTTP/1.1" 200 9
CustomMiddleWare process_request222......
CustomMiddleWare process_request3333......
CustomMiddleWare process_response222......
CustomMiddleWare process_response......
Performing system checks... System check identified no issues (0 silenced). You have 15 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
August 22, 2018 - 15:39:35
Django version 2.1, using settings 'MiddlewareDemo.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.

126-中间件之process_view方法

1、process-view的执行顺序;

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __Author__:TQTL911
# Version:python3.6.6
# Time:2018/8/22 15:20 #导入MiddlewareMixin中间件;
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse class CustomerMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request):
print("CustomMiddleWare process_request......")
#return HttpResponse("forbidden")
def process_response(self,request,response):
print("CustomMiddleWare process_response......")
return response
def process_view(self,request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
#print("=====>",callback(callback_args))
print("process_view") class CustomerMiddleware2(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request):
print("CustomMiddleWare process_request222......")
def process_response(self,request,response):
print("CustomMiddleWare process_response222......")
return response
def process_view(self,request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
print("22222process_view") class CustomerMiddleware3(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request):
print("CustomMiddleWare process_request3333......")

操作日志:

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).

You have 15 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
August 22, 2018 - 15:49:19
Django version 2.1, using settings 'MiddlewareDemo.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
CustomMiddleWare process_request......
[22/Aug/2018 15:50:51] "GET /index_new/ HTTP/1.1" 200 9
CustomMiddleWare process_request222......
CustomMiddleWare process_request3333......
process_view
22222process_view
CustomMiddleWare process_response222......
CustomMiddleWare process_response......

127-中间件之process_exception

1、Django中间件之process_exception;

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# __Author__:TQTL911
# Version:python3.6.6
# Time:2018/8/22 15:20 #导入MiddlewareMixin中间件;
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse class CustomerMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request):
print("CustomMiddleWare process_request......")
#return HttpResponse("forbidden")
def process_response(self,request,response):
print("CustomMiddleWare process_response......")
return response
def process_view(self,request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
#print("=====>",callback(callback_args))
print("process_view")
def process_exception(self,request, exception):
print("CustomMiddleware exception11111") class CustomerMiddleware2(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request):
print("CustomMiddleWare process_request222......")
def process_response(self,request,response):
print("CustomMiddleWare process_response222......")
return response
def process_view(self,request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
print("22222process_view")
def process_exception(self,request, exception):
print("CustomMiddleware exception22222") class CustomerMiddleware3(MiddlewareMixin): def process_request(self,request):
print("CustomMiddleWare process_request3333......")


128-中间之应用

1、做IP访问频率的限制(比如防爬虫);

2、URL访问过滤;

3、middleware是一把双刃剑,具体使用装饰器还是middleware要结合具体业务场景;

mymiddleware.py;

from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse,redirect
from AuthDemo import settings class AuthMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):
def process_request(self,request):
white_list = settings.WHITE_LIST if request.path in white_list:
return None if not request.user.is_authenticated:
return redirect("/login/")

settings.py中引入白名单;

WHITE_LIST = ['/login/','/reg/','logout']

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